Research Article
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Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 650 - 657, 17.08.2018

Abstract

Bu
çalışmanın amacı, TWIP çelik saclarının elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile
birleştirmelerinde Taguchi metodu kullanarak kaynak parametrelerinin optimize
edilmesidir. Kaynak akımı, kaynak zamanı ve elektrot baskı kuvveti gibi kaynak
parametrelerinin değerleri, rastgele yaklaşımlı L9 Taguchi ortogonal dizine
göre belirlenmiştir. Optimum kaynak parametreleri, kaynaklı numunelerin en
yüksek kopma yüküne göre tahmin edilmiş ve her bir parametrenin kopma yükü
üzerindeki etkisi sinyal/gürültü (S/N) oranı ve varyans analizi (ANOVA) ile
değerlendirilmiştir. Optimum kaynak akımı, kaynak zamanı ve elektrot kuvveti
sırasıyla 12 kA, 300 ms and 3000 N olarak bulunmuştur. ANOVA sonuçları, kopma
yükü üzerindeki en yüksek istatiksel etkiye %78.73 ile kaynak akımının sahip
olduğunu gösterirken, kaynak akımını da sırasıyla kaynak zamanı ve elektrot
baskı kuvvetinin takip ettiğini göstermiştir. Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile
kaynak edilmiş birleştirmelerin kopma yükleri kaynak akımı ve elektrot baskı
kuvvetiyle artmıştır. Ancak, yüksek kaynak zamanlarında nispeten daha düşük
kopma yükleri gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, seçilen kaynaklı numunelerin kırılma
yüzeyleri taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) kullanılarak karakterize
edilmiştir. Bu incelemede, daha yüksek kaynak mukavemetine sahip
birleştirmelerin nispeten daha sünek kırılma karakteristiği sergilediği
görülmüştür.

References

  • Bouaziz O, Allain S, Scott CP, Cugy P, Barbier D. "High manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels: A review of the microstructure properties relationships". Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 15, 141-168, 2011.
  • Chen L, Zhao Y, Qin, X. "Some aspects of high manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, a review". Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 26, 1-15, 2013.
  • Cornette D, Cugy P, Hildenbrand A, Bouzekri, M, Lovato G. "Ultra High Strength FeMn TWIP Steels for Automotive Safety Parts". SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1327, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1327.
  • Curtze S, Kuokkala VT. "Dependence of tensile deformation behavior of TWIP steels on stacking fault energy, temperature and strain rate". Acta Materialia, 58(15), 5129-5141, 2010.
  • Peng X, Zhu D, Hu Z, Wang M, Liu L, Liu H. "Effect of carbon content on stacking fault energy of Fe-20Mn-3Cu TWIP Steel". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 21(1), 116-120, 2014.
  • Xiong Z, Ren X, Shu J, Wang Z, Bao W, Li, S. "Effect of Temperature on Microstructure and Deformation Mechanism of Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP Steel at Strain Rate of 700 s−1". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 22(2), 179-184, 2015.
  • Neu RW. "Performance and characterization of TWIP steels for automotive applications". Materials Performance and Characterization, 2(1), 244-284, 2013.
  • Saha DC, Cho Y, Park Y. "Metallographic and fracture characteristics of resistance spot welded TWIP steels" Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 18(8), 711-720, 2013.
  • Ma L, Wei Y, Hou L, Yan B. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of TWIP steel joints". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 21(8), 749-756, 2014.
  • Jin JE, Lee YK. "Strain hardening behavior of a Fe-18Mn-0.6C-1.5Al TWIP steel". Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(1-2), 157-161, 2009.
  • Billur E, Cetin B, Gurleyik M. “New generation advanced high strength steels: developments, trends and constraints”. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 2(1), 50-62, 2016.
  • Saha DC, Han S, Chin KG, Choi I, Do Park Y. "Weldability evaluation and microstructure analysis of resistance-spot- welded high-Mn steel in automotive application". Steel Research International, 83(4), 352-357, 2012.
  • Saha DC, Chang I, Park Y-D. “Heat-affected zone liquation crack on resistance spot welded TWIP steels”. Materials Characterization, 93, 40-51, 2014.
  • Mújica Roncery L, Weber S, Theisen W. “Welding of twinning-induced plasticity steels”. Scripta Materialia, 66(12), 997-1001, 2012.
  • Yu J, Shim J, Rhee S. “Characteristics of resistance spot welding for 1 GPa grade twin ınduced plasticity steel”. Materials Transactions, 53(11), 2011-2018, 2012.
  • Holovenko O, Lenco MG, Pastore E, Pinasco MR, Matteis P, Scavino G, Firrao D. "Microstructural and mechanical characterization of welded joints on innovative high-strength steels". Metallurgia Italiana, 105(3), 3-12, 2013.
  • Spena PR, Matteis P, Sanchez A, Scavino G. "Strength and fracture of TWIP steel dissimilar weld joints". Convegno Nazionale IGF XXII, Roma, Italia, 1-3 July 2013, 109-117
  • Razmpoosh M, Shamanian M, Esmailzadeh M. "The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded Fe - 31Mn - 3Al - 3Si TWIP steel". Materials and Design, 67, 571-576, 2015.
  • Tutar M, Aydın H, Yüce C, Yavuz N, Bayram A. “The optimisation of process parameters for friction stir spot-welded AA3003-H12 aluminium alloy using a Taguchi orthogonal array”. Materials & Design, 63, 789-797, 2014.
  • Singh NK, Vijayakumar Y. "Application of Taguchi method for optimization of resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 301L". Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 3(10), 49-61, 2012.
  • Thakur AG, Rao TE, Mukhedkar MS, Nandedkar VM. "Application of Taguchi method for resistance spot welding of galvanized steel". ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 22-26, 2010.
  • Raut M, Achwal V. "Optimization of spot welding process parameters for maximum tensile strength". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 3(4), 507-517, 2014.
  • Pandey AK, Khan MI, Moeed KM. "Optimization of resistance spot welding parameters using Taguchi Method". International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5(2), 234-241, 2013.
  • Thakur AG, Nandedkar VM. "Optimization of the resistance spot welding process of galvanized steel sheet using the Taguchi method". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(2), 1171-1176, 2014.
  • Tutar M, Aydin H, Bayram A. "Multi objective Taguchi optimization approach for resistance spot welding of cold rolled TWIP steel sheets". IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 885, 1-5, 2017.
  • ASTM E8/E8M standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 4, 1-27, 2010.
  • Ertek Emre H, Kaçar R. "Resistance spot weldability of galvanize coated and uncoated TRIP steels”. Metals, 6, 299, 2016. doi:10.3390/met6120299.
  • Baskoro AS, Trianda MR, Istiyanto J, Supriyadi S, Sumarsono DA, Kiswanto G. “Effects of welding time and welding current to weld nugget and shear load on electrical resistance spot welding of cold rolled sheet for body construction”. IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bali, Indonesia, 24-25 November 2014.
  • Tutar M, Aydin H, Bayram A. “Effect of Weld Current on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Resistance Spot-Welded TWIP Steel Sheet”. Metals, 7, 519, 2017.
  • Aydin H, Tutar M, Bayram A. “The Influence of Welding Time on Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded TWIP Steel Sheets”. XIII International Scientific Congress Machines, Technologies, Materials, Varna, Bulgaria, 14-17 September 2016.
  • Aydin H, Tutar M, Bayram A. “Otomotiv sanayinde kullanılan twıp çeliğinin elektrik direnç punta kaynağında elektrod baskı kuvvetinin mekanik özelliklere etkisi”. 8. Otomotiv Teknolojileri Kongresi OTEKON16, Bursa, Türkiye, 23-24 Mayıs 2016.

The optimisation of welding parameters for electrical resistance spot-welded TWIP steels using a Taguchi method

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 4, 650 - 657, 17.08.2018

Abstract

The
aim of this work is to optimize the welding parameters of electrical resistance
spot welded TWIP steel sheets using a Taguchi method. The welding parameters,
such as weld current, welding time and electrode force, were determined
according to the Taguchi orthogonal array L9 using a randomized approach. The
optimum welding parameters for the peak tensile shear load of the joints were
predicted, and the individual importance of each parameter on the tensile shear
load of the resistance spot weld was evaluated by examining the signal-to-noise
(S/N) ratio and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimum weld current, welding
time and electrode force were found to be 12 kA, 300 ms and 3000 N,
respectively. The ANOVA results indicated that the weld current has the highest
statistical effect with 78.73% on the tensile shear load, followed by the
welding time and electrode force. The tensile shear load of the resistance spot
welding joints increased with increasing weld current and electrode force. But,
higher welding time led to relatively lower tensile shear load. In addition,
the fracture surface characterization of the selected joints was conducted
using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique. In this examination, it has
been found that the joints having higher weld strength exhibited a relatively
more ductile fracture characteristic.

References

  • Bouaziz O, Allain S, Scott CP, Cugy P, Barbier D. "High manganese austenitic twinning induced plasticity steels: A review of the microstructure properties relationships". Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science, 15, 141-168, 2011.
  • Chen L, Zhao Y, Qin, X. "Some aspects of high manganese twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel, a review". Acta Metallurgica Sinica (English Letters), 26, 1-15, 2013.
  • Cornette D, Cugy P, Hildenbrand A, Bouzekri, M, Lovato G. "Ultra High Strength FeMn TWIP Steels for Automotive Safety Parts". SAE Technical Paper 2005-01-1327, 2005, https://doi.org/10.4271/2005-01-1327.
  • Curtze S, Kuokkala VT. "Dependence of tensile deformation behavior of TWIP steels on stacking fault energy, temperature and strain rate". Acta Materialia, 58(15), 5129-5141, 2010.
  • Peng X, Zhu D, Hu Z, Wang M, Liu L, Liu H. "Effect of carbon content on stacking fault energy of Fe-20Mn-3Cu TWIP Steel". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 21(1), 116-120, 2014.
  • Xiong Z, Ren X, Shu J, Wang Z, Bao W, Li, S. "Effect of Temperature on Microstructure and Deformation Mechanism of Fe-30Mn-3Si-4Al TWIP Steel at Strain Rate of 700 s−1". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 22(2), 179-184, 2015.
  • Neu RW. "Performance and characterization of TWIP steels for automotive applications". Materials Performance and Characterization, 2(1), 244-284, 2013.
  • Saha DC, Cho Y, Park Y. "Metallographic and fracture characteristics of resistance spot welded TWIP steels" Science and Technology of Welding and Joining, 18(8), 711-720, 2013.
  • Ma L, Wei Y, Hou L, Yan B. "Microstructure and mechanical properties of TWIP steel joints". Journal of Iron and Steel Research, International, 21(8), 749-756, 2014.
  • Jin JE, Lee YK. "Strain hardening behavior of a Fe-18Mn-0.6C-1.5Al TWIP steel". Materials Science and Engineering: A, 527(1-2), 157-161, 2009.
  • Billur E, Cetin B, Gurleyik M. “New generation advanced high strength steels: developments, trends and constraints”. International Journal of Scientific and Technological Research, 2(1), 50-62, 2016.
  • Saha DC, Han S, Chin KG, Choi I, Do Park Y. "Weldability evaluation and microstructure analysis of resistance-spot- welded high-Mn steel in automotive application". Steel Research International, 83(4), 352-357, 2012.
  • Saha DC, Chang I, Park Y-D. “Heat-affected zone liquation crack on resistance spot welded TWIP steels”. Materials Characterization, 93, 40-51, 2014.
  • Mújica Roncery L, Weber S, Theisen W. “Welding of twinning-induced plasticity steels”. Scripta Materialia, 66(12), 997-1001, 2012.
  • Yu J, Shim J, Rhee S. “Characteristics of resistance spot welding for 1 GPa grade twin ınduced plasticity steel”. Materials Transactions, 53(11), 2011-2018, 2012.
  • Holovenko O, Lenco MG, Pastore E, Pinasco MR, Matteis P, Scavino G, Firrao D. "Microstructural and mechanical characterization of welded joints on innovative high-strength steels". Metallurgia Italiana, 105(3), 3-12, 2013.
  • Spena PR, Matteis P, Sanchez A, Scavino G. "Strength and fracture of TWIP steel dissimilar weld joints". Convegno Nazionale IGF XXII, Roma, Italia, 1-3 July 2013, 109-117
  • Razmpoosh M, Shamanian M, Esmailzadeh M. "The microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of resistance spot welded Fe - 31Mn - 3Al - 3Si TWIP steel". Materials and Design, 67, 571-576, 2015.
  • Tutar M, Aydın H, Yüce C, Yavuz N, Bayram A. “The optimisation of process parameters for friction stir spot-welded AA3003-H12 aluminium alloy using a Taguchi orthogonal array”. Materials & Design, 63, 789-797, 2014.
  • Singh NK, Vijayakumar Y. "Application of Taguchi method for optimization of resistance spot welding of austenitic stainless steel AISI 301L". Innovative Systems Design and Engineering, 3(10), 49-61, 2012.
  • Thakur AG, Rao TE, Mukhedkar MS, Nandedkar VM. "Application of Taguchi method for resistance spot welding of galvanized steel". ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 5(11), 22-26, 2010.
  • Raut M, Achwal V. "Optimization of spot welding process parameters for maximum tensile strength". International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Robotics Research, 3(4), 507-517, 2014.
  • Pandey AK, Khan MI, Moeed KM. "Optimization of resistance spot welding parameters using Taguchi Method". International Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 5(2), 234-241, 2013.
  • Thakur AG, Nandedkar VM. "Optimization of the resistance spot welding process of galvanized steel sheet using the Taguchi method". Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 39(2), 1171-1176, 2014.
  • Tutar M, Aydin H, Bayram A. "Multi objective Taguchi optimization approach for resistance spot welding of cold rolled TWIP steel sheets". IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series, 885, 1-5, 2017.
  • ASTM E8/E8M standard test methods for tension testing of metallic materials. Annual Book of ASTM Standards 4, 1-27, 2010.
  • Ertek Emre H, Kaçar R. "Resistance spot weldability of galvanize coated and uncoated TRIP steels”. Metals, 6, 299, 2016. doi:10.3390/met6120299.
  • Baskoro AS, Trianda MR, Istiyanto J, Supriyadi S, Sumarsono DA, Kiswanto G. “Effects of welding time and welding current to weld nugget and shear load on electrical resistance spot welding of cold rolled sheet for body construction”. IEEE International Conference on Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Bali, Indonesia, 24-25 November 2014.
  • Tutar M, Aydin H, Bayram A. “Effect of Weld Current on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Resistance Spot-Welded TWIP Steel Sheet”. Metals, 7, 519, 2017.
  • Aydin H, Tutar M, Bayram A. “The Influence of Welding Time on Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded TWIP Steel Sheets”. XIII International Scientific Congress Machines, Technologies, Materials, Varna, Bulgaria, 14-17 September 2016.
  • Aydin H, Tutar M, Bayram A. “Otomotiv sanayinde kullanılan twıp çeliğinin elektrik direnç punta kaynağında elektrod baskı kuvvetinin mekanik özelliklere etkisi”. 8. Otomotiv Teknolojileri Kongresi OTEKON16, Bursa, Türkiye, 23-24 Mayıs 2016.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mümin Tutar This is me 0000-0002-7286-3433

Hakan Aydın 0000-0001-7364-6281

Ali Bayram 0000-0001-7311-8358

Publication Date August 17, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 24 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Tutar, M., Aydın, H., & Bayram, A. (2018). Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 24(4), 650-657.
AMA Tutar M, Aydın H, Bayram A. Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. August 2018;24(4):650-657.
Chicago Tutar, Mümin, Hakan Aydın, and Ali Bayram. “Elektrik Direnç Punta kaynağı Ile Kaynak Edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde Kaynak Parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi Ile Optimizasyonu”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24, no. 4 (August 2018): 650-57.
EndNote Tutar M, Aydın H, Bayram A (August 1, 2018) Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24 4 650–657.
IEEE M. Tutar, H. Aydın, and A. Bayram, “Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 650–657, 2018.
ISNAD Tutar, Mümin et al. “Elektrik Direnç Punta kaynağı Ile Kaynak Edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde Kaynak Parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi Ile Optimizasyonu”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 24/4 (August 2018), 650-657.
JAMA Tutar M, Aydın H, Bayram A. Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;24:650–657.
MLA Tutar, Mümin et al. “Elektrik Direnç Punta kaynağı Ile Kaynak Edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde Kaynak Parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi Ile Optimizasyonu”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 24, no. 4, 2018, pp. 650-7.
Vancouver Tutar M, Aydın H, Bayram A. Elektrik direnç punta kaynağı ile kaynak edilmiş TWIP çeliklerinde kaynak parametrelerinin Taguchi yöntemi ile optimizasyonu. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2018;24(4):650-7.

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