Geç Miyosen yaşlı Honaz (Denizli) kömürlü birimlerinin organik jeokimyasal özellikleri ve çökelme ortamı

Year 2018, Volume: 24 Issue: 6, 1192 - 1199, 18.12.2018

Demet Banu Koralay

Abstract

Bu
çalışmada, Üst Miyosen’de çökelmiş olan Honaz-Kocapınar (Denizli) kömürlü
birimlerinin organik petrografik ve organik jeokimyasal özelliklerini
inceleyerek, paleo çökelme ortamına açıklık getirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
İncelenen örneklerin toplam organik karbon miktarları % 5.51 ile 51.80
(ortalama %23.66) arasındadır. Ortalama HI ve Tmax değerleri sırasıyla, 71 mg
HC/g TOC ve 410 °C’dir. Piroliz analiz sonuçlarına göre Tip III kerojen
hakimdir. Örneklerin organik bileşenlerini hüminit ve liptinit grubu maseraller
oluşturur. Oldukça düşük değerlerdeki hüminit/vitrinit yansıması ve Tmax
değerleri ile Ts/Ts+Tm, Ts/Tm, C₃₀ Moretan/C₃₀ Hopan
oranları, ββ/(αα+ββ) C₂₉ ve C₂₈ izomerleri ve
20S/(20R+20S) steran oranları olgunlaşmamış organik maddeye işaret eder. Uzun
zincirli n-alkanların hakim pikler olması, karbon tercih indeksi (CPI),
karasal/sucul organik madde oranı (TAR), mumsuluk derecesi ve C₂₉
Ts/(C₂₉ Ts + C₂₉ Norhopan) oranı karasal kökenli yüksek
bitkilere işaret etmektedir. Piroliz analizi, maseral tayini ve biyomarker
verileri ışığında Honaz-Kocapınar (Denizli) kömürlü seviyelerinin ısısal olarak
olgunlaşmamış evrede olduğu, baskın olarak karasal organik madde içerdiği ve
suboksik koşullarda çökeldiği belirlenmiştir.

Keywords

Honaz (Denizli), Kömür, Maseral, Biyomarker, Depolanma ortamı

Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of Late Miocene aged Honaz (Denizli) coal series

Abstract

In
this study, paleo depositional environment was determined by examining the
organic petrographic and organic geochemical characteristics of Upper Miocene
coal series from Honaz-Kocapınar (Denizli). Total organic carbon amounts of
investigated samples range from 5.51 to 51.80 wt. % (on average 23.66 wt. %).
Average HI and Tmax values are respectively, 71 mg HC/g TOC and 410 °C.
According to results of pyrolysis analysis, coal series contain Type III
kerogen. The organic fraction of the samples is comprised of huminite and
liptinite group macerals. Very low huminite/vitrinite reflection, Tmax values and
Ts/Ts+Tm, Ts/Tm, C₃₀ Moretane/C₃₀ Hopane ratios,
ββ/(αα+ββ) C₂₉ and C₂₈ isomers and 20S/(20R+20S) sterane
ratios indicated that immature organic matter. Long-chain n-alkanes are
dominant peaks and carbon preference index (CPI), terrestrial/aquatic ratio
(TAR), degree of waxiness and C₂₉ Ts/(C₂₉ Ts + C₂₉
Norhopane) ratio indicates that terrestrial high plants. Pyrolysis analysis,
maceral determination and biomarker data showed that Honaz-Kocapınar (Denizli)
coal series in thermally immature stage, containing predominantly terrestrial
organic matter and deposited sub-oxic conditions.

Keywords

Honaz (Denizli), Coal, Maceral, Biomarker, Depositional environment

References

• Sun S. “Denizli-Uşak Arasının Jeolojisi ve Linyit Olanakları”. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 9985, 1990.
• Hakyemez HY. “Kale-Kurbalık (GB Denizli) bölgesindeki Senozoyik yaşlı çökel kayaların jeolojisi ve stratigrafisi”. MTA Dergisi, 109, 9-21, 1989.
• Altunel E. “Pamukkale travertenlerinin morfolojik özellikleri, yaşları ve neotektonik önemleri”. MTA Dergisi, 118, 47-64, 1996.
• Taner G. “Denizli bölgesi Neojen’ inin paleontolojik ve stratigrafik etüdü”. MTA Dergisi, 85, 45-66, 1975.
• Ercan T, Dinçel A, Metin S, Türkecan A, Günay E. “Uşak yöresindeki Neojen havzalarının jeolojisi”. Türkiye Jeoloji Kurumu Bülteni, 21, 97-106, 1978.
• Göktaş F, Çakmakoğlu A, Tarı E, Sütçü YF, Sarıkaya H. “Çivril-Çardak Arasının Jeolojisi” Maden Tetkik ve Arama Genel Müdürlüğü, Ankara, Türkiye, 8701, 1989.
• Koçyiğit A. “Güneybatı Türkiye vey akın dolayında levha içi yeni tektonik gelişim”. TJK Bülteni, 27(1), 1-12, 1984.
• İsamoğlu Y, Atay G, Gedik F, Aydın A, Hakyemez A, Babayiğit S, Sarıkaya H. “Batı Toroslardaki denizel Oligo-Miyosen Çökellerinin Biyostratigrafisi (Denizli)”. MTA Genel Müdürlüğü Jeoloji Etütleri Dairesi, Ankara, Türkiye, 10763, 2005.
• Yalçın Erik N, Ay F. “Organic geochemical characterization and hydrocarbon potential of Tertiary coals of the Tokat province (Central Anatolia, Turkey)”. Energy Sources, Part A, 35, 991-999, 2013.
• Kara-Gülbay R. “Organic geochemical and petrographical characteristics of coal bearing Oligo-Miocene sequence in the Oltu-Narman Basin (Erzurum), NE Turkey”. International Journal of Coal Geology, 149, 93-107, 2015.
• Karayiğit Aİ, Kerey İE, Bozkuş C. “Depositional environments of Oligo/Miocene coal-bearing strata and coal quality from the Oltu-Balkaya Basin, Northeastern Turkey”. Energy Sources, 24, 653-665, 2002.
• Sarı A, Döner Z, Koca D, Aliyev SA. “Source rock characteristics of Eocene bituminous shales and the effect of redox conditions on source rock potential, Nallıhan (Ankara) Central Anatolian Basin”. Energy Sources, Part A, 38(2), 227-235, 2016.
• Altunsoy M, Sari A, Özçelik O, Engin H, Hökerek S. “Major and trace-element enrichments in the Karapınar coals (Konya, Turkey)”. Energy Sources, Part A, 38(1), 88-99, 2016.
• Alias FL, Abdullah WH, Hâkimi MH, Azhar MH, Kugler RL. “Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environment of the Tertiary Tanjong Formation coals in the Pinangah area, onshore Sabah, Malaysia”. International Journal of Coal Geology, 104, 9-21, 2012.
• Koralay OE, Candan O, Akal C, Dora OÖ, Chen F, Satır M, Oberhanslı R. “Menderes Masifindeki Pan Afrikan ve Triyas yaşlı metagranitoyidlerin jeolojisi ve jeokronolojisi, Batı Anadolu, Türkiye”. MTA Dergisi, 142, 69-121, 2011.
• Erten H, Şen Ş, Görmüş M. “Middle and Late Miocene Cricetidae (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Denizli Basin (southwestern Turkey) and a new species of Megacricetodon”. Journal of Paleontology, 88(3), 504-518, 2014.
• Espitalié J, Deroo G, Marquis F. “Rock-Eval pyrolysis and its applications”. Institut Francais du Petrole, 40, 563-579, 1985.
• Sýkorová I, Pickel W, Christanis K, Wolf M, Taylor GH, Flores D. “Classification of huminite-ICCP System 1994”. International Journal of Coal Geology, 62, 85-106, 2005.
• Taylor GH, Teichmüller M, Davis A, Diessel CFK, Littke R, Robert P. Organic Petrology. Berlin-Stuttgart, Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1998.
• Hughes WB, Holba AG, Dzou LIP. “The ratios of dibenzothiophene to phenanthrene and pristane to phitane as indicators of depositional environment and lithology of petroleum source rocks”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 59, 3581-3598, 1995.
• Bourbonniere RA, Meyers PA. “Sedimentary geolipid records of historical changes in the watersheds and productivities of Lakes Ontario and Erie”. Limnology and Oceanography, 41(2), 352-259, 1996.
• Peters KE, Walters CC, and Moldowan JM. The Biomarker Guide. 2nd ed. UK, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
• Kroon J, Castle JW. “Biomarkers in the Upper Devonian Lower Huron Shale as indicators of Biological Source of Organic Matter, Depositional Environment, And Thermal Maturity”. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Eastern Section Meeting, Washington, DC, 2011.
• Connan J, Cassou AM. “Properties of gases and petroleum liquids derived from terrestrial kerogen at various maturation levels”. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 44, 1-23, 1980.
• Affouri H, Montacer M. Disnar JR. “Organic geochemistry of the cenomanian-turonian bahloul formation petroleum source rock, central and northern Tunisia”. Resource Geology, 63(3), 262-287, 2013.
• Hanson AD, Zhang SC, Moldowan JM, Liang DG, Zhang BM. “Molecular organic geochemistry of the Tarim Basin, Northwest China”. AAPG Bulletin, 84, 1109-1128, 2000.
• Philip RP, Gilbert TD. Biomarker Distributions in oil Predominantly Derived From Terrigenous Source Material. Editors: Leythaeuser D, Rulkötter J. Advances in Organic Geochemistry, 73-84, Oxford, United Kingdom, Pergamon Press, 1986.
• Peters KE, Moldowan JM. “Effect of source, thermal maturity and biodegradation on the distribution and isomerisation of homohopanes in petroleum”. Organic Geochemistry, 17, 47-61, 1991.
• Hunt JM. Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology. 2nd ed. New York, USA, WH. Freeman and Company, 1996.
• Volkman K, Allen DI, Stevenson PI, Burton HR. “Bacterial and algal hydrocarbons from a saline Antarctic lake, Ace Lake”. Organic Geochemistry, 10, 671-681, 1986.
• Czochanska Z, Gilbert TD, Philip RP, Shepard CM, Weston RJ, Wood TA, Woolhouse AD. “Geochemical application of sterane and triterpane biomarkers to a description of oils from the Taranaki Basin in New Zeland”. Organic Geochemistry, 12, 123-135, 1988.
• Moldowan JM, Sundararaman P, Schoell M. “Sensitivity of biomarker properties to depositional environment and/or source input in the Lower Toarcian of S.W. Germany”. Organic Geochemistry, 10, 915-926, 1986.
• Seifert WK, Moldowan JM. “The effect of thermal stress on source-rock quality as measured by hopane stereochemistry”. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, 12, 229-237, 1980.
• Seifert WK, Moldowan JM. Use of Biological Markers in Petroleum Exploration. Editor: Johns RB. Methods in Geochemistry and Geophysics, 261-290, Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1986.
• Sarı A, Akkaya P, Özakar E. “Depositional environment and organic geochemical characteristics of Lower Eocene bituminous rocks, in the Kürnüç/Göynük-Bolu area”. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration, 152, 181-195, 2016.
• Korkmaz S, Kara Gülbay R. “Organic geochemical characteristics and depositional environments of the Jurassic coals in the eastern Taurus of Southern Turkey”. International Journal of Coal Geology, 70(4), 292-304, 2007.
• Peters EK, Cassa MR. “Applied source rock geochemistry”. American Association of Petroleum Geologist Bulletin Memoir, 60, 93-120, 1994.
• Tissot BP, Welte DH. Petroleum formation and occurrence. 1st ed. Berlin, Germany, Springer-Verlag, 1978.