Besi çiftliği atıksularının anaerobik/aerobik yöntemlerle arıtılabilirliği

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 25 Sayı: 8, 922 - 928, 31.12.2019

Roda Gökçe Yılmaz Çinçin Osman Nuri Ağdağ

Öz

Artan nüfus ile birlikte tarım ve hayvancılık sektörleri üretim kapasitelerini arttırmışlardır. Böylece daha fazla atık oluşturan çiftlik ve tarım alanlarından kaynaklanan çevresel riskler de artmıştır. Hayvansal atıkların kontrollü bertaraf edilmemesi ve meralara, akarsulara, açık alanlara veya tarım alanlarına atılması önemli problemlere neden olmaktadır. Organik maddelerin stabilize olmaması nedeniyle, toprağın biyolojik yapısı bozulmakta ve böcek, sivrisinek ve koku problemleri sonucu çevre sağlığı tehdit edilmektedir. Hayvansal atıklardan kaynaklanan azot ve fosfor ayrıca yüzeysel suları etkilemekte ve yaşam döngüsüne zarar vermektedir. Oluşan atıksuların yarattığı çevresel sorunlardan yola çıkarak bu çalışma kapsamında, besi çiftliği atıksularının ardışık, anaerobik yukarı akışlı çamur yataklı reaktör (UASB) / aerobik sürekli karıştırmalı tank reaktörde (CSTR) arıtımı incelenmiştir. Anaerobik UASB reaktörün ardından kalan organik kirliliği parçalamak için aerobik CSTR reaktör kullanılmıştır. Sistemde farklı organik yükleme hızlarında (3.53-10.59 kgKOİ/m3gün) kimyasal oksijen ihtiyacı (KOİ) giderimi ve metan gazı miktarı ölçülmüştür. Çalışmada anaerobik UASB reaktörde en yüksek KOİ giderme verimine %90.3 olarak 7.06 kg KOİ/m3gün organik yükleme hızında ulaşılmıştır. Anaerobik arıtma kısmında oluşan biyogazda en yüksek ölçülen metan gazı oranı %65 olmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar besi çiftliği atıksularının ardışık anaerobik yukarı akışlı çamur yataklı reaktör/ aerobik sürekli karıştırmalı tank reaktörde arıtılabilirliğinin yüksek olduğunu göstermektedir. KOİ değerinin yüksek oluşu, bu tür atıksuların arıtımında anaerobik yöntemlerin kullanılmasının uygun olabileceğini göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Besi çiftliği atıksuyu, CSTR reaktör, UASB reaktör

Anaerobic/aerobic treatability of livestock wastewater

Öz

The agriculture and livestock sectors increased their production capacities by the increasing population. Thus, the environmental risks arising from the farms and agricultural areas that are generating more waste are also increased. Especially, animal wastes cannot be taken under control and unconsciously thrown into rivers, estuaries, open areas or irrigation canals, resulting in the destruction of the biological structure of the region soil and the endangered environmental health of insect, mosquito and odor problems. Surface and groundwater exposure to nitrogen and phosphorus pollution affects the health of all living things in the region. In addition, various gases resulting from waste accumulation rapidly pollute the regional air and cause the propagation of harmful microorganisms. From the environmental problems created by the wastewater, the treatment of the livestock wastewater sequential anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor / aerobic continuous stirred tank reactor has been investigated. An aerobic CSTR reactor was used to break down the residual organic pollution following the anaerobic UASB reactor. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and the amount of methane gas were measured at different organic loading rates (3.53-10.59 kg COD/m3day) in the system. In study, the highest COD removal efficiency in anaerobic UASB reactor was reached as 90.3% at an organic loading rate of 7.06 kgCOD/m3day. The highest measured methane gas rate in the biogas formed in the anaerobic treatment section was 65%. The results show that the treatability of the livestock wastewater is a good alternative anaerobic upflow sludge bed reactor / aerobic continuous mixing tank reactor.

Anahtar Kelimeler

CSTR reactor, Livestock farm wastewater, UASB reactor

Kaynakça

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