Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi

Year 2020, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 674 - 682, 20.08.2020

Abstract

Yenilenebilir ve çevre dostu bir yakıt olan biyodizelin dizel yakıtı ile kıyaslandığında en önemli avantajlarından bazıları, parlama noktası sıcaklığının ve setan sayısının yüksek olmasıdır. Enerji Piyasası Düzenleme Kurulu tarafından yayınlanan “Motorin türlerine biodizel harmanlanması” hakkındaki tebliğe göre, 1.1.2018 tarihinden itibaren biyodizelin hacimsel olarak %0.5 oranında motorine ilave edilmesi zorunlu hale getirilmiştir. Ayrıca, Avrupa Parlamentosu’nun 2003/30/EC sayılı biyoyakıtlar konulu direktifi, üye ülkelerin 2020 yılında en az %10 oranında yenilenebilir yakıtların kullanımını mecburi hale getirmiştir. Dünyada ve ülkemizde bu denli önemli bir noktaya gelen biyodizelin birçok üstün özelliklerine rağmen, üretim maliyeti ve viskozitesi yüksektir. Üretim maliyetinin yüksek olması biyodizelin daha yaygın olarak kullanılmasını engellerken, viskozitesinin yüksek olması ise motor performansı ve eksoz emisyonlarını olumsuz yönden etkilemektedir. Bu yüzden, sunulan çalışmada, viskozitenin ve üretim maliyetinin azaltılması için, transesterifikasyona etki eden parametrelerin üretilen atık kızartma yağı biyodizelinin viskozitesine etkileri tam bir matris şeklinde incelenerek en düşük viskoziteyi veren reaksiyon parametreleri belirlenmiştir. Optimum parametrelere göre üretilen biyodizelin viskozite değeri, farklı çalışmalarda üretilen biyodizellerin viskozite değerleri ile kıyaslanmıştır. Deney sonuçlarına göre, %1.25 oranında potasyum metoksit ve 10.5:1 alkol/yağ mol oranında etil alkol kullanılarak 70 ℃ reaksiyon sıcaklığında ve 121 dk. reaksiyon süresi sonunda üretilen biyodizelin 3.595 mm2/s (cSt) ile en düşük viskoziteye sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Üretilen biyodizelin yakıt özelliklerinin EN 14214 standardına uygun olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, bu çalışmada elde edilen viskozite değerinin (3.595 mm2/s) literatürdeki diğer çalışmalarda elde edilen viskozite değerlerine göre daha düşük olduğu belirlenmiştir.

References

  • Yesilyurt MK, Cesur C, Aslan V, Yilbasi Z. “The production of biodiesel from safflower (carthamus tinctorius L.) oil as a potential feedstock and its usage in compression ignition engine: a comprehensive review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 1-30, 2019.
  • Yesilyurt MK, Arslan M. “Analysis of the fuel injection pressure effects on energy and exergy efficiencies of a diesel engine operating with biodiesel”. Biofuels, 10(5), 643-655, 2019.
  • Bilgin A, Gülüm M, Koyuncuoglu I, Nac E, Cakmak A. “Determination of transesterification reaction parameters giving the lowest viscosity waste cooking oil biodiesel”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2492-2500, 2015.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. “Comparison of optimum reaction parameters of corn oil biodiesels produced by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH)”. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 30(3), 503-511, 2015.
  • Gülüm M, Yesilyurt MK, Bilgin A. “The performance assessment of cubic spline interpolation and response surface methodology in the mathematical modeling to optimize biodiesel production from waste cooking oil”. Fuel, 255, 115778, 2019.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “Two-term power models for estimating kinematic viscosities of different biodiesel-diesel fuel blends”. Fuel Processing Technology, 149, 121-130, 2016.
  • Samuel OD, Giwa SO, El-Suleiman A. “Optimization of coconut oil ethyl esters reaction variables and prediction model of its blends with diesel fuel for density and kinematic viscosity”. Biofuels, 7(6), 723-733, 2016.
  • Kumar R, Dixit A, Singh SK, Singh G, Sachdeva M. “Production and characterization of ethyl ester from crude jatropha curcas oil having high free fatty acid content”. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 96(3), 229-235, 2015.
  • Sánchez BS, Benitez B, Querini CA, Mendow G. “Transesterification of sunflower oil with ethanol using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Effect of the reaction conditions”. Fuel Processing Technology, 131, 29-35, 2015.
  • Silva GF, Camargo FL, Ferreira ALO. “Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol”. Fuel Processing Technology, 92(3), 407-413, 2011.
  • Encinar JM, González JF, Rodríguez JJ, Tejedor A. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: transesterification of cynara cardunculus L. oils with ethanol”. Energy & Fuels, 16(2), 443-450, 2002.
  • Verma P, Sharma MP, Dwivedi G. “Impact of alcohol on biodiesel production and properties”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 319-333, 2016.
  • Yesilyurt MK. “The evaluation of a direct injection diesel engine operating with waste cooking oil biodiesel in point of the environmental and enviroeconomic aspects”. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40(6), 654-661, 2018.
  • Anastopoulos G, Zannikou Y, Stournas S, Kalligeros S. “Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters”. Energies, 2(2), 362-376, 2009.
  • Peterson CL, Reece DL, Thompson JC, Beck SM, Chase C. “Ethyl ester of rapeseed used as a biodiesel fuel-a case study”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 10(5-6), 331-336, 1996.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “Measurements and empirical correlations in predicting biodiesel-diesel blends’ viscosity and density”. Fuel, 199, 567-577, 2017.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “A comprehensive study on measurement and prediction of viscosity of biodiesel-diesel-alcohol ternary blends”. Energy, 148, 341-361, 2018.
  • Holman JP. Experimental Methods for Engineers. 7th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  • Guzatto R, Defferrari D, Reiznautt QB, Cadore ÍR, Samios D. “Transesterification double step process modification for ethyl ester biodiesel production from vegetable and waste oils”. Fuel, 92(1), 197-203, 2012.
  • Fadhil AB, Abdulahad WS. “Transesterification of mustard (brassica nigra) seed oil with ethanol: purification of the crude ethyl ester with activated carbon produced from de-oiled cake”. Energy Conversion and Management, 77, 495-503, 2014.
  • Encinar JM, González JF, Rodríguez A. “Ethanolysis of used frying oil. biodiesel preparation and characterization”. Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 513-522, 2007.
  • Alamu OJ, Waheed MA, Jekayinfa SO. “Biodiesel production from nigerian palm kernel oil: effect of KOH concentration on yield”. Energy for Sustainable Development, 11(3), 77-82, 2007.
  • Chhetri AB, Watts KC, Islam MR. “Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production”. Energies, 1(1), 3-18, 2008.
  • Allawzi M, Kandah MI. “Parametric study of biodiesel production from used soybean oil”. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(8), 760-767, 2008.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. “Production of the lowest viscosity waste cooking oil biodiesel by using ethanol and potassium hydroxide”. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 5(4), 289-293, 2017.
  • Ginting MSA, Azizan MT, Yusup S. “Alkaline in situ ethanolysis of jatropha curcas”. Fuel, 93, 82-85, 2012.
  • Barbosa DDC, Serra TM, Meneghetti SMP, Meneghetti MR. “Biodiesel production by ethanolysis of mixed castor and soybean oils”. Fuel, 89(12), 3791-3794, 2010.
  • Issariyakul T, Kulkarni MG, Meher LC, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN. “Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil”. Chemical Engineering Journal, 140(1-3), 77-85, 2008.
Year 2020, Volume: 26 Issue: 4, 674 - 682, 20.08.2020

Abstract

References

  • Yesilyurt MK, Cesur C, Aslan V, Yilbasi Z. “The production of biodiesel from safflower (carthamus tinctorius L.) oil as a potential feedstock and its usage in compression ignition engine: a comprehensive review”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 1-30, 2019.
  • Yesilyurt MK, Arslan M. “Analysis of the fuel injection pressure effects on energy and exergy efficiencies of a diesel engine operating with biodiesel”. Biofuels, 10(5), 643-655, 2019.
  • Bilgin A, Gülüm M, Koyuncuoglu I, Nac E, Cakmak A. “Determination of transesterification reaction parameters giving the lowest viscosity waste cooking oil biodiesel”. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 2492-2500, 2015.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. “Comparison of optimum reaction parameters of corn oil biodiesels produced by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH)”. Journal of the Faculty of Engineering and Architecture of Gazi University, 30(3), 503-511, 2015.
  • Gülüm M, Yesilyurt MK, Bilgin A. “The performance assessment of cubic spline interpolation and response surface methodology in the mathematical modeling to optimize biodiesel production from waste cooking oil”. Fuel, 255, 115778, 2019.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “Two-term power models for estimating kinematic viscosities of different biodiesel-diesel fuel blends”. Fuel Processing Technology, 149, 121-130, 2016.
  • Samuel OD, Giwa SO, El-Suleiman A. “Optimization of coconut oil ethyl esters reaction variables and prediction model of its blends with diesel fuel for density and kinematic viscosity”. Biofuels, 7(6), 723-733, 2016.
  • Kumar R, Dixit A, Singh SK, Singh G, Sachdeva M. “Production and characterization of ethyl ester from crude jatropha curcas oil having high free fatty acid content”. Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series A, 96(3), 229-235, 2015.
  • Sánchez BS, Benitez B, Querini CA, Mendow G. “Transesterification of sunflower oil with ethanol using sodium ethoxide as catalyst. Effect of the reaction conditions”. Fuel Processing Technology, 131, 29-35, 2015.
  • Silva GF, Camargo FL, Ferreira ALO. “Application of response surface methodology for optimization of biodiesel production by transesterification of soybean oil with ethanol”. Fuel Processing Technology, 92(3), 407-413, 2011.
  • Encinar JM, González JF, Rodríguez JJ, Tejedor A. “Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils: transesterification of cynara cardunculus L. oils with ethanol”. Energy & Fuels, 16(2), 443-450, 2002.
  • Verma P, Sharma MP, Dwivedi G. “Impact of alcohol on biodiesel production and properties”. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, 319-333, 2016.
  • Yesilyurt MK. “The evaluation of a direct injection diesel engine operating with waste cooking oil biodiesel in point of the environmental and enviroeconomic aspects”. Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 40(6), 654-661, 2018.
  • Anastopoulos G, Zannikou Y, Stournas S, Kalligeros S. “Transesterification of vegetable oils with ethanol and characterization of the key fuel properties of ethyl esters”. Energies, 2(2), 362-376, 2009.
  • Peterson CL, Reece DL, Thompson JC, Beck SM, Chase C. “Ethyl ester of rapeseed used as a biodiesel fuel-a case study”. Biomass and Bioenergy, 10(5-6), 331-336, 1996.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “Measurements and empirical correlations in predicting biodiesel-diesel blends’ viscosity and density”. Fuel, 199, 567-577, 2017.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A. “A comprehensive study on measurement and prediction of viscosity of biodiesel-diesel-alcohol ternary blends”. Energy, 148, 341-361, 2018.
  • Holman JP. Experimental Methods for Engineers. 7th ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 2001.
  • Guzatto R, Defferrari D, Reiznautt QB, Cadore ÍR, Samios D. “Transesterification double step process modification for ethyl ester biodiesel production from vegetable and waste oils”. Fuel, 92(1), 197-203, 2012.
  • Fadhil AB, Abdulahad WS. “Transesterification of mustard (brassica nigra) seed oil with ethanol: purification of the crude ethyl ester with activated carbon produced from de-oiled cake”. Energy Conversion and Management, 77, 495-503, 2014.
  • Encinar JM, González JF, Rodríguez A. “Ethanolysis of used frying oil. biodiesel preparation and characterization”. Fuel Processing Technology, 88, 513-522, 2007.
  • Alamu OJ, Waheed MA, Jekayinfa SO. “Biodiesel production from nigerian palm kernel oil: effect of KOH concentration on yield”. Energy for Sustainable Development, 11(3), 77-82, 2007.
  • Chhetri AB, Watts KC, Islam MR. “Waste cooking oil as an alternate feedstock for biodiesel production”. Energies, 1(1), 3-18, 2008.
  • Allawzi M, Kandah MI. “Parametric study of biodiesel production from used soybean oil”. European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology, 110(8), 760-767, 2008.
  • Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. “Production of the lowest viscosity waste cooking oil biodiesel by using ethanol and potassium hydroxide”. Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 5(4), 289-293, 2017.
  • Ginting MSA, Azizan MT, Yusup S. “Alkaline in situ ethanolysis of jatropha curcas”. Fuel, 93, 82-85, 2012.
  • Barbosa DDC, Serra TM, Meneghetti SMP, Meneghetti MR. “Biodiesel production by ethanolysis of mixed castor and soybean oils”. Fuel, 89(12), 3791-3794, 2010.
  • Issariyakul T, Kulkarni MG, Meher LC, Dalai AK, Bakhshi NN. “Biodiesel production from mixtures of canola oil and used cooking oil”. Chemical Engineering Journal, 140(1-3), 77-85, 2008.
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Mert Gülüm This is me

Atilla Bilgin This is me

Abdülvahap Çakmak This is me

Publication Date August 20, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 26 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Gülüm, M., Bilgin, A., & Çakmak, A. (2020). Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, 26(4), 674-682.
AMA Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. August 2020;26(4):674-682.
Chicago Gülüm, Mert, Atilla Bilgin, and Abdülvahap Çakmak. “Düşük Viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı Etil Esteri üretimi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 26, no. 4 (August 2020): 674-82.
EndNote Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A (August 1, 2020) Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 26 4 674–682.
IEEE M. Gülüm, A. Bilgin, and A. Çakmak, “Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi”, Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 674–682, 2020.
ISNAD Gülüm, Mert et al. “Düşük Viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı Etil Esteri üretimi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi 26/4 (August 2020), 674-682.
JAMA Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;26:674–682.
MLA Gülüm, Mert et al. “Düşük Viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı Etil Esteri üretimi”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 26, no. 4, 2020, pp. 674-82.
Vancouver Gülüm M, Bilgin A, Çakmak A. Düşük viskoziteli atık kızartma yağı etil esteri üretimi. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Mühendislik Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;26(4):674-82.





Creative Commons Lisansı
Bu dergi Creative Commons Al 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.