Geosentetiklerle güçlendirilmiş karayolu temellerinin plaka yükleme deneyleri ile değerlendirilmesi

Year 2021, Volume: 27 Issue: 6, 718 - 728, 30.11.2021

Bahadır Ok Ahmet Demir Talha Sarıcı , Mesut Ovalı

Abstract

Özellikle son otuz yılda esnek üst yapı temellerinin geosentetiklerle güçlendirilmesi hızla yaygınlaşmıştır. Geosentetiklerle güçlendirmenin kaplama performansını iyileştirdiği bilinmesine karşın güçlendirmeyi sağlayan mekanizmalar hala açık değildir. Bu çalışmada, zayıf zemin üzerine geogridle güçlendirilmiş temel dolgusuna sahip yollarda, trafik yükleri öncesinde ve sonrasında arazide yapılan plaka yükleme deneyleri ile güçlendirmenin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Arazi deneyi sonuçlarından zayıf zeminler üzerine inşa edilen granüler dolgu tabakalarında geosentetiklerle güçlendirmenin alt tabakaların taşıma gücünün yetersizliğinden kaynaklanan deformasyonların azaltılmasında iyi bir yöntem olduğu görülmüştür.

Keywords

Arazi deneyleri, Zayıf zemin, Granüler dolgu, Geogrid, Plaka yükleme deneyi

Evaluating of geosynthetics reinforced road base with plate loading tests

Abstract

The use of geosynthetics as reinforcement for the base layer of flexible pavement systems has grown steadily over the past thirty years. Although geosynthetic reinforcements can lead to improved pavement performance, the specific conditions or mechanisms that govern the reinforcement are unclear, largely remaining unidentified and unmeasured. In this study, the assessment of the effect of geogrids on the roads that is reinforced granular fill layer over soft clay soil, section's ability to support before and after traffic loads were investigated using plate loading tests in situ. The results of the field tests show that geosynthetic reinforcement as is an effective method in reducing deformation and repairing granular fill layer overlying soft foundations

Keywords

Field tests, Weak soil, Granular fill bed, Geogrid, Plate loading test

References

• [1] Dawson A, Kolisoja P. “Managing Rutting in Low Volume Roads”. The European Union European Regional Development Fund, Rovaniemi, Finland, Scientific Report, ROADEX II Final Report Part 2.1, 2006.
• [2] Giroud JP, Noiray L. “Geotextile-reinforced unpaved road design”. ASCE Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, 107(GT9), 1233-1254, 1981.
• [3] Giroud JP, Ah-Line C, Bonaparte R. “Design of unpaved roads and traffic areas with geogrids”. Symposium on Polimer Grid Reinforcement, London, England, 23-24 March 1984.
• [4] Fannin RJ, Sigurdsson O. “Field observations on stabilization of unpaved roads with geosynthetics”. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, 122(7), 544-553, 1996.
• [5] Ling HI, Liu Z. “Performance of geosynthetic reinforced asphalt pavements”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenviromental Engineering, 127(2), 177-184, 2001.
• [6] Hufenus R, Rueegger R, Banjac R, Mayor P, Springman S, Brönnimann R. “Full-scale field tests on geosynthetics reinforced unpaved roads on soft subgrade”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 24(1), 21-37, 2006.
• [7] Demir A, Laman M, Yildiz A, Ornek M. “Large scale field tests on geogrid-reinforced granular fill underlain by clay soil”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 38, 1-15, 2013.
• [8] Kazmee H, Tutumluer E. “Evaluation of Aggregate Subgrade Materials Used as Pavement Subgrade/Granular Subbase”. Illinois Center for Transportation, Illinois, USA, Scientific Report, FHWA-ICT-15-013, 2015.
• [9] Hass R, Walls J, Carroll RG. “Geogrid Reinforcement of Granular Bases in Flexible Pavements”. Transportation Research Board, Washington, USA, Scientific Report, Transportation Research Record 1188, 1988.
• [10] Al-Qadi IL, Brandon TL, Valentine RJ, Smith TE. “Laboratory Evaluation of Geosynthetic Reinforced Pavement Sections”. Transportation Research Board TRB, Washington, USA, Scientific Report, Transportation Research Record 1439, 1994.
• [11] Perkins SW. “Geosynthetic Reinforcement of Flexible Pavements: Laboratory Based Pavement Test Sections”. U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administation, Montana, USA, Scientific Report, FHWA/MT-99/8106-1, 1999.
• [12] Cancelli A, Montanelli F. “In-Ground test for geosynthetic reinforced flexible paved roads”. Proceedings of the Conference Geosynthetics ‘99, Boston, USA, 28-30 April 1999.
• [13] Perkins SW. “Mechanistic-Empirical Modeling and Design Model Development of Geosynthetic Reinforced Flexible Pavements”. US. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administation, Montana, USA, Scientific Report, FHWA/MT-01-002/99160-1, 2001.
• [14] Perkins SW. “Evaluation of Geosynthetic Reinforced Flexible Pavement Systems Using Two Pavement Test Facilities”. US. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administation, Montana, USA, Scientific Report, FHWA/MT-02-008/20040, 2002.
• [15] Berg RR, Christopher BR, Perkins S. Geosynthetic Reinforcement of the Aggregate Base/Subbase Courses of Pavement Structures”. Geosynthetic Materials Association, Minnesota, USA, Scientific Report, GMA White Paper II, 2000.
• [16] Wasage TL, Ong JGP, Fwa TF, Tan SA. “Laboratory evaluation of rutting resistance of geosynthetics reinforced asphalt pavement”. Journal of the Institution of Engineers, 44(2), 29-44, 2004.
• [17] Tutumluer E, Al-Qadi IL, Kwon J, Dessouky S. “Geogrid base reinforced asphalt pavements: analysis approach and benefits”. Invited Keynote Paper, In Proceedings of the 2nd National Geosynthetics Conference of the Turkish Chapter of International Geosynthetics Society, Istanbul, Turkey, 16-17 November 2006.
• [18] Al-Qadi IL, Loulizi A, Janajreh I, Freeman TE. “Pavement Response to Dual and New Wide-Base Tires at the Same Tire Pressure”. Transportation Research Board, National Research Council, Washington, USA, Scientific Report Transportation Research Record, 1806, 2006.
• [19] Karagül BÇ. Yol Dolgularının Geogrid Kullanılarak Iyileştirilmesi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2007.
• [20] Zou W, Wang Z, Zhang H. “Field trial for asphalt pavements reinforced with geosynthetics and behavior of glass-fiber grids”. Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities, 21(5), 361-367, 2007.
• [21] Kwon J, Tutumluer E, Al-Qadi IL, Dessouky S. “Effectiveness of geogrid base reinforcement in lowvolume flexible pavements”. Presented at the ASCE GeoCongress 2008 Conference, New Orleans, USA, 9-12 March 2008.
• [22] Kocaer M. Geosentetiklerin Karayolu Yapılarında Kullanımı: Türkiye Örnekleri. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi, İstanbul, Türkiye, 2011.
• [23] Al-Qadi IL, Dessouky S, Tutumluer E, Kwonc J. “Geogrid mechanism in low-volume flexible pavements: accelerated testing of full-scale heavily instrumented pavement sections”. International Journal of Pavement Engineering, 12(2), 121-135, 2011.
• [24] Yang X, Han J, Pkharel SK, Manandhar C, Parsons RL, Leshchinsky D, Halahmi I. “Accelerated pavement testing of unpaved roads with geocell-reinforced sand bases”. Geotextiles and Geomembranes, 32, 95-103, 2012.
• [25] Perkins SW, Ismeik M. “A synthesis and evaluation of geosynthetic reinforced base layers in flexible pavements: Part I”. Geosynthetics International, 4(6), 549-605, 1997.
• [26] Souci G. Laboratory Characterization of GeogridReinforced Unbound Granular Material for Use in Flexible Pavement Structures. PhD Thesis, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, USA, 2007.
• [27] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Soils by Water Pycnometer”. West Conshohocken, USA, D 854, 2002.
• [28] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Method for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils”. West Conshohocken, USA, D 4318-00, 2009.
• [29] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Method for Particle-Size Analysis of Soils”. West Conshohocken, USA, D 422-63, 2009.
• [30] American Society for Testing and Materials. “Standard Test Methods for Laboratory Compaction Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort”. West Conshohocken, USA, D 1557, 2012.
• [31] Ovalı M. Yumuşak Kil Zemin Üzerine İnşa Edilen Geosentetiklerle Güçlendirilmiş Yol Dolgusu Üzerinde Arazi Deneylerinin Yapılması. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Osmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi ve Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Ortak Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Osmaniye, Türkiye, 2016.
• [32] Webster SL. “Geogrid Reinforced Base Courses for Flexible Pavements for Light Aircraft: Test Section Construction Behavior Under Traffic, Laboratory Tests and Design Criteria”. ASAE Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, Mississippi, USA, Scientific Report, GL-93-6, 1992.
• [33] Uzuner BA. “Plaka yükleme deneyi üzerine”. Türkiye Mühendislik Haberleri (TMH), 340, 15-18, 1988.
• [34] Dipova N, Cangir B. “Doğal zeminlerin ve yapay dolguların plaka yükleme deneyi ile incelenmesi”. Jeoloji Mühendisliği Dergisi, 37(1), 49-62, 2013.
• [35] Binquet J, Lee KL. “Bearing capacity tests on reinforced earth slabs”. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, 101(12), 1241-1255, 1975.
• [36] Türk Standartları Enstitüsü. “İnşaat Mühendisliğinde Temel Zemini Özelliklerinin Yerinde Ölçümü”. Ankara, Türkiye, 5744, 1998.
• [37] Bowles JE. Foundation Analysis and Design. 5nd ed. New York, USA, McGraw-Hill, 1996.
• [38] Consoli NC, Schnaid F, Milititsky J. “Interpretation of plate load tests on residual soil site”. Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, 124(9), 857-867, 1998.