Göz Hareketleri İle Duyarsızlaştırma Ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR) Müdahalesinin Anksiyete Bozukluklarında Kullanımı

Year 2025, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 66 - 83, 30.09.2025

Yeşim Ayar , Emre Ayar

Abstract

Bu sistematik olmayan derlemenin amacı, Göz Hareketleri ile Duyarsızlaştırma ve Yeniden İşleme (EMDR)’nin anksiyete bozukluklarındaki kullanımına dair literatürde yer alan bulguları derleyerek, farklı bozukluk türlerindeki etkilerine ve uygulama biçimlerine ilişkin bir çerçeve sunmaktır. Araştırma sürecinde; Google Scholar, Ulakbim veri tabanı, Pubmed, Yöktez gibi veri tabanlarında, Türkçe
ve İngilizce anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak, 1992-2025 yılları arasında yayımlanmış bilimsel yayınlar taranmıştır. EMDR, anıların nasıl depolandığına ve bilginin işlenme sistemine odaklanır. Bireyin güncel olarak deneyimlediği zorluklar, geçmişte düzgün işlenmemiş deneyimlerinden kaynaklanmaktadır. EMDR ile bu işlevsiz depolanan anıların normal bir deneyim olarak yorumlanması sağlanmaktadır. Bu derlemede, EMDR uygulanan sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu, panik bozukluk, yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, özgül fobi, ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu, seçici konuşmazlık, performans anksiyetesi ile ilgili araştırmalara yer verilmektedir. Özgül fobi, panik bozukluk ve performans anksiyetesi (sınav ve müzik performans anksiyetesi) ile ilgili yapılan randomize kontrollü araştırmalar, EMDR müdahalesinin etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Ancak bulguların genellenebilmesi için daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır. Sosyal anksiyete bozukluğu ve panik bozuklukta, EMDR’nin anksiyete bozukluklarında etkinliği kanıtlanan bir yöntem olan Bilişsel Davranışçı Terapi (BDT) kadar etkili olabileceğinin belirtilmesi umut vadetmektedir. Ancak bu karşılaştırma araştırmaları, iki müdahalenin birbirine göre etkili olduğunu gösterse de plasebo kontrol grubunun bulunmaması, müdahalenin tek başına etkinliğini sınırlamaktadır. VRET (Sanal Gerçeklik Temelli Maruz Bırakma Terapisi) ile EMDR’nin özgül fobi semptomları üzerinde kontrol grubuna kıyasla benzer etkide olduğu belirtilmektedir. Performans anksiyetesi bağlamında ise, EMDR’in biofeedback
ve bilişsel hipnoterapiye kıyasla daha yüksek etkililik düzeyine sahip olduğu rapor edilmektedir. Ancak EMDR’nin diğer müdahalelere göre avantaj, dezavantajlarının değerlendirilmesi ve sonuçların genellenebilirliğini artırmak için daha geniş örneklemli, plasebo kontrol gruplu ve uzun süreli takip içeren araştırmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, dünyada ve Türkiye’de kullanım sıklığı artış gösteren EMDR’nin etkileri, kısa sürede ortaya çıkabilmektedir. EMDR, anksiyete bozukluklarında umut verici bir yaklaşımdır. Bununla birlikte, etkinliğine dair daha fazla randomize kontrollü çalışma yürütülmesine ihtiyaç vardır. Özellikle yaygın anksiyete bozukluğu, seçici konuşmazlık ve ayrılma anksiyetesi bozukluğu gibi alt türlerde EMDR müdahalesine ilişkin araştırma sayısı oldukça azdır. EMDR müdahalesi tamamlandıktan sonra etkileri takip eden araştırmalar bulunsa da uzun vadeli sonuçları inceleyen çalışmaların sayısı sınırlıdır ve bu, alandaki önemli bir boşluğu işaret etmektedir.

Keywords

EMDR , Anksiyete Bozukluğu , Psikoterapi

Use of Eye Movement Densensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) Intervention in Anxiety Disorders

Abstract

The aim of this non-systematic review is to compile findings from the existing literature on the use of Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) in anxiety disorders, and to present a framework regarding its effectiveness and methods of application across various subtypes of anxiety disorders. During the research process, scientific publications published between 1992 and 2025 were reviewed using both Turkish and English keywords in databases such as Google Scholar, Ulakbim, Pubmed, and Yöktez. EMDR focuses on how memories are stored and on the mechanisms of information processing. It is based on the assumption that current psychological difficulties stem from inadequately processed past experiences. EMDR aims to facilitate the reprocessing of these dysfunctionally stored memories so that they can be interpreted as ordinary experiences. This review includes studies on the application of EMDR in social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder, selective mutism, and performance anxiety. Randomized controlled trials conducted on specific phobias, panic disorder, and performance anxiety (exam and musical performance anxiety) suggest that EMDR may be an effective intervention. However, further studies are needed to generalize these findings. In the treatment of social anxiety disorder and panic disorder, EMDR has been reported to be potentially as effective as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), a well-established and evidence-based treatment method for anxiety disorders. Although these comparative studies show that both interventions can be effective, the absence of placebo control groups limits conclusions about the independent efficacy of EMDR. Regarding specific phobia symptoms, EMDR and Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy (VRET) have been found to produce comparable outcomes relative to control groups. In the context of performance anxiety, EMDR has been reported to demonstrate a higher level of effectiveness than both biofeedback and cognitive hypnotherapy. Nonetheless, there remains a need for studies with larger sample sizes, placebo-controlled groups, and long-term follow-up in order to assess the advantages and disadvantages of EMDR in comparison to other interventions and to improve the generalizability of results. In conclusion, the use of EMDR is increasing both globally and in Turkey, and its therapeutic effects may emerge within a relatively short period. EMDR represents a promising approach in the treatment of anxiety disorders. However, further randomized controlled trials are needed to more robustly establish its efficacy. In particular, the number of studies investigating EMDR interventions in specific subtypes such as generalized anxiety disorder, selective mutism, and separation anxiety disorder remains notably limited. Although some studies have examined the outcomes following EMDR treatment, research exploring its longterm effects is scarce, highlighting a significant gap in the current literature.

Keywords

EMDR , Anxiety Disorder , Psychotherapy

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