THE INTERACTION BETWEEN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE: AN IMPLEMENTATION FOR THE UK BANKS

Abstract

Purpose- There is a wide range of literatüre that study the relation between corporate governance and financial capability of firms. Choudhury & Alam (2013) defines corporate governance as the relationship between corporate management, executives, the providers of equity, and people and institutions who save and invest their money to get a return. Reddy et al (2013) claimed that a good corporate governance system allows companies to have easier access to resources, lower costs of capital, enhance stakeholder reputation and improve organisational performance. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the performance of commercial banks in the UK with internal corporate governance elements. Thus, the listed commercial banks that works in the UK London Stock Exchange (LSE) considered as sample of this study. Hence, using availability data of the Financial Times Stock Exchange 350 (FTSE 350) companies including banks that operate in LSE, the period (2011-2020). Methodology- The study employs a sample of banks trading on (LSE) in the UK, the study uses the quantitative research method, and the data is collected by using DataStream databases, as well as annual reports of listed banks in( LSM). The hypothesis has been tested and analysed by using multivariate fixed-effect regression to examine the relationship between corporate governance mechanisms and the financial performance of FTSE350-listed banks. Followed by robustness tests performed on the relationships to reveal any statistical issue that can change or deform the results of the study. The banks' performance was measured by using Return on Assets Ratio (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), and TOBIN’s Q. While, corporate governance variables are board size, board independence, board meeting, board female, audit committee independence, audit committee meeting, audit committee financial expertise, ownership concentration, and ownership institutional. Moreover, the study implemented a control variable which is based on the previous literature such as leverage, bank size, bank age, and capital adequacy ratio. Findings- The result of this study shows that corporate governance's effect on bank performance depends on the performance measure as well as the governance attribution examined. In general, corporate governance dynamics show a negative correlation with all banks' performance proxies except ownership structure (ownership concentration, Institutional Investors) Concerning control variables dynamics indicate a negative correlation except capital adequacy. Conclusion- There is increasing interest in the study of corporate governance and its impact on financial and non-finance firms' performance crosse the world. As mentioned earlier the many objectives of the study is to determine the relationship between corporate governance and bank performance in the UK. Based on the analysis the study concluded that banks operating in the UK would improve their performance with less board independence, fewer board meetings, higher audit committee independence, higher ownership concentration, and less institutional ownership.

Keywords

• Corporate governance
• board structure
• ownership structure
• audit committee structure
• bank performance

References

1. Al-marneh, A. (2014). Corporate governance, ownership structure and bank performance in Jordan. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(6), 192-202.
2. Alrazi, B., de Villiers, C., & Van Staden, C. J. (2016). The environmental disclosures of the electricity generation industry: a global perspective. Accounting and Business Research, 46(6), 665–701.
3. Bathula, H. (2008). Board characteristics and firm performance: Evidence from New Zealand (Doctoral dissertation, Auckland University of Technology).
4. Bouheni, F. B., Ammi, C., & Levy, A. (2016). Banking governance, performance and risk-taking: conventional banks vs Islamic banks. John Wiley & Sons.‏
5. Alam Choudhury, M., & Nurul Alam, M. (2013). Corporate governance in Islamic perspective. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 6(3), 180-199.‏
6. The Cadbury Report of Corporate Governance (1992). Accessed 4 April 2020, www.frc.org.uk.
7. Garefalakis, A., Dimitras, A. I., & Lemonakis, C. (2017). The effect of Corporate Governance Information (CGI) on Banks’ reporting performance. Investment Management & Financial Innovations, 14(2), 63-74.
8. Hair, J., Black, W., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. (2010). Multivariate data analysis: a global perspective. Multivariate Data Analysis, Pearson Education.

9. Makki, M., & Lodhi, S. A. (2013). Impact of corporate governance on financial performance. Pakistan Journal of Social, 33(2), 265-280.
10. McIntyre, M. L., & Murphy, S. A. (2008). Board of director performance reporting. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 8(2), 165-178.‏
11. Mullineux, A. (2006). The corporate governance of banks. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 14(4), 375-382.‏
12. Pande, S., & Ansari, V. A. (2014). A theoretical framework for corporate governance. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 7(1), 56-72.
13. Reddy, K., Locke, S., & Fauzi, F. (2013). Relevance of corporate governance practices in charitable organisations: a case study of registered charities in New Zealand. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 9(2), 110-132.‏
14. Othman, R., Embi, R., Aris, N. A., Arif, S. M. M., Choo, H. C., & Ismail, N. (2016). Board governance and performance: an exploratory study of Malaysian cooperative organizations. Journal of Southeast Asian Research, 59-70.‏
15. Waheed, A., & Malik, Q. A. (2019). Board characteristics, ownership concentration and firms’ performance: a contingent theoretical based approach. South Asian Journal of Business Studies, 8(2), 146-165.‏