TURKEY ON THE PATH OF ESTABLISHING KNOWLEDGE ECONOMY: INNOVATION, ICTs AND EDUCATION

Year 2017, Volume: 5 Issue: 1, 253 - 261, 30.06.2017

Burcu Sakiz

https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2017.597

Abstract

Knowledge-based economy is re-defining enterprises, re-formatting
working styles, empowering individuals and re-shaping the links between
education and business tasks in today’s globalized world. Emerged communication
and information technologies especially invented in six decades ago is still
changing the nature of business and the economy dramatically. It is obvious
that transition to knowledge-intensive business models become popular since
late 1950s. Also it is clear that advent of the knowledge economy shapes and
changes the rules for enterprises that organize their activities in the global
market places. Additionally intellectual capabilities become more important
than physical inputs which was very important for the first machine age. The
application of knowledge is one of the main sources of growth in the global
economy and it becomes the strategic factor for the success. Having sufficient
national production, sustainable growth, strong economy and modern technologies
to create a welfare society is crucial for any modern nation. This study
presents the concept of the knowledge economy and it's framework in this
respect. Developed by World Bank “Knowledge Assessment Methodology” is one of
the important methodologies in order to measure the progress of countries
towards having a knowledge based economy. It has 4 pillars including 83
structural and qualitative variables and 12 knowledge indicators. World Bank's
four Knowledge Economy pillars are economic and institutional regime, education, innovation, and Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs) developed for countries to do fundamental
assessment of countries’ readiness for the knowledge economy and help them the
transition to a Knowledge-based Economy. Also in this paper the analysis of
knowledge economy for Turkey especially the role of innovation, ICTs and
education pillars are examined. 

Keywords

Knowledge economy, knowledge assesment methodology, innovation, ICT, education

References

• Arıkan, 2008. Evaluating the dynamics of innovation in Turkey: The impact of innovation on business performance, Boğaziçi University, Business Administration, PhD Thesis, İstanbul.
• Işık, 2012. The economic analysis of R&D, innovation, patent and information technologies which influence the establishment of competitive advantage in knowledge economies: An application on Turkey’s Economy, Atatürk University Social Sciences, Economics, Phd Thesis, Erzurum.
• Leila, vd, 2007. "Adoption A Proper Tool For E-Readiness Assessment In Developıng Countrıes; Case Studies: Iran, Turkey And Malaysia", Journal of Knowledge Economy & Knowledge Management Volume II Spring, s.54.
• Vuslat, 2014. “The transition of institutions by means of knowledge based Economy: case of Turkish universities”, ITU, Department of
• Urban and Regional Planning Regional Planning Programme, M.Sc. Thesis, Istanbul
• Eda, 2011. “Enformasyon Toplumu ve Bilgi Çağında Türkiye'nin Gelişim Süreci", Marmara Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Politikası Bilim Dalı, Master Thesis, İstanbul.
• European Comission, 2001. The Impact of The E-Economy on European Enterprises: Economic Analysis and Policy Implications, Brussels.
• European Comission, 2014. Innovation Union Scoreboard, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/ius/ius-2014_en.pdf Paul & Dominique, 2002. “Economic Fundamentals of the Knowledge Society”, Stanford University SIEPR Discussion Paper No.01-14 .
• Kaynak, 2011. "Avrupa Birliği Yolunda Bilim Ve Teknoloji Bağlamında Türkiye’nin Ab-27 Ülkeleri Karşısındaki Mevcut Durumu", Bilgi Ekonomisi ve Yönetimi Dergisi, Cilt: VI Sayı: II
• Umut, 2001. Assessment of possible effective strategies in the transition process to a knowledge-based economy: The case of Turkey, Middle East Technical University Industrial Engineering Department, Master’s Thesis, Ankara.
• George & Yi-Hsing & Zheng-Yi, 2008. “Competition policy for technological innovation in an era of knowledge-based economy.” KnowledgeBased Systems, Vol. 21, pp. 826-832.
• Gür, 2001. Assessment of possible effective strategies in the transition process to a knowledge-based economy: The case of Turkey , Middle East Technical University Industrial Engineering Department, Master’s Thesis, Ankara.
• Oğuz, 2005. “Bilgi Ekonomisi’nin Olası Mikro Ekonomik Etkilerinin Teorik Analizi”,
• http://oguzkara.com/Bilgi%20Ekonomisi'nin%20Olasi%20Mikro%20Ekonomik%20Etkilerinin%20Teorik%20Analizi.pdf Charles, 2000. The weightless society: Living in the new economy bubble. NewYork: Texere.
• European Comission, 2001. The Impact of The E-Economy on European Enterprises: Economic Analysis and Policy Implications, Brussels. European Comission, 2014. Innovation Union Scoreboard, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/innovation/files/ius/ius-2014_en.pdf
• European Patent Office, 2015. http://www.epo.org/about-us/annual-reports-statistics/annual-report/2014/statistics/patentapplications.html
• Oytun, 2013. "Türkiye İçin 2010-2012 Dönemi Karşılaştırmalı Bilgi Ekonomisi Analizi", Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi,2013, 8(2), s. 115-139.
• OECD, 1996. OECD, The Knowledge Based Economy, No. General Distribution OECD/GD(96)102, Paris.
• OECD, 2015. http://www.oecd.org/pisa/keyfindings/pisa-2012-results-overview.pdf
• Senem, 2011. “Analyzing of threshold effect in relationship with knowledge economy and growth”, Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Ekonomi, Yüksek Lisans Tezi
• Salduz, 2005. “Turkey's adaption to the transformation process of the European Union through competitive knowledge economy”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi, Social Science Institute, Master Thesis, İzmir
• Susan, 2005. Re-imagining and rescripting the future of education: global knowledge economy discourses and the challenge to education systems, Comparative Education, 41 (2), 151-170.
• Tuncay, 2008. “Knowledge economy and economic growth: An econometric analysis on Turkey (1980-2006)”, Atatürk Üniversitesi / Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü / İktisat Anabilim Dalı, Ekonomi, Erzurum
• Thomas A., 1997. Intellectual Capital: The new wealth of organization, Crown Business; 1st edition, San Francisco, CA
• Kamil, 2007. “Teorik Çerçevesi ve Uygulama Örnekleriyle Dünyada ve Türkiye’deYazılım Endüstrisi”, Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı Müsteşarlığı, Planlama Uzmanlığı Tezi (yayımlanmamış eser), Ankara.
• World Bank, 2003. Lifelong Learning for a Global Knowledge Economy, Washington, DC
• World Bank, 2004. "Turkey Knowledge Economy Assessment Study", http://wwwwds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2007/04/06/000310607_20070406113501/Rendered/PDF/393650TR0K nowledge0economy01PUBLIC1.pdf .
• World Bank, 2010. Knowledge Assessment Methodology , http://www.worldbank.org/kam .
• World Bank, 2015. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SE.SEC.NENR/countries
• YASED International Investors Association,2014, http://www.yased.org.tr/webportal/Turkish/Yayinlar/Pages/YASED2023HedefleriYolundaBIT.aspx