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FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 92 - 94, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363

Abstract

Amaç- Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye'deki finansal içerme mevcut durumunu ve belirleyicilerini değerlendirmektir.
Metodoloji- Araştırmada veriler, 480 kişiye uygulanan online anket ile elde edilmiştir. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve probit regresyonu kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular- Analiz bulguları, Türkiye'de bireylerin % 89,8'inin resmi bir hesaba sahip olduğunu ve geri kalan % 10,2'sinin ise banka dışı kalan kitle olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Finansal kapsam dışında kalan bireyler çoğunlukla gönüllü olarak dışlanmışlardır. Ülkede bir finansal kurum hesabını kullanarak para biriktirme ve aile, akraba veya arkadaşlardan borç alma yöntemi diğer yöntemlere göre daha yaygındır. Ayrıca, ankete katılanların % 69,8'i sigorta hizmetlerinden de yararlanmıştır.
Sonuç- Analiz bulgularına dayılı olarak, Türkiye’de bireylerin gelir ve eğitim düzeyi ile hesap sahipliği ve resmi tasarrufları arasında önemli bir ilişki olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, gelir değişkeni resmi kredi kullanımını da anlamlı bir şekilde etkilemiştir. Bireylerin yaşı sadece hesap sahipliğini anlamlı bir şekilde etkilerken, cinsiyet finansal içerme göstergelerini anlamlı olarak etkilememiştir.

References

  • Abu Seman, J. (2016). Financial inclusion: The role of financial system and other determinants. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford, Uited Kingdom). Retrieved from http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/42264/1/Final%20PhD%20Thesis-%20JUNAIDAH%20ABU%20SEMAN.pdf
  • Al-Smadi, M. O. (2018). The role of financial inclusion in financial stability: lesson from Jordan. Banks and Bank Systems, 13(4), 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(4).2018.03.
  • Alp, A. (2007). İstatistiksel çalışmalarda probit analizi ve uygulama alanları. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
  • Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı. (2014). Hazine Müsteşarlığı Stratejik Planı 2014 - 2018. Ankara: Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı.
  • Başbakanlık, T. (2014). Finansal erişim, finansal eğitim, finansal tüketicinin korunması stratejisi ve eylem planları konulu genelge (2014/10). Resmi Gazete, 29021(5).
  • BDDK. (2019). 2019-2021 Dördüncü Stratejik Plan. İstanbul: Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. Erişim adresi: https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/hakkinda_0003_09.pdf
  • Chibba, M. (2009). Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the millennium development goals. The European Journal of Development Research, 21(2), 213-230. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/ejdr.2008.17.pdf
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. (2012). Measuring financial inclusion: The global findex database: The World Bank.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S., & Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution: The World Bank.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). The global findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world: The World Bank.
  • Fungáčová, Z., & Weill, L. (2015). Understanding financial inclusion in China. China Economic Review, 34, 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.004
  • Gebeşoğlu, F. Ö. (2015). Türkiye’de Finansal Kapsama Seviyesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme Bankacılar Dergisi, 26(95), 69-84.
  • Hannig, A., & Jansen, S. (2010). Financial inclusion and financial stability: Current policy issues. Erişim adresi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1729122
  • Iqbal, B. A., & Sami, S. (2017). Role of banks in financial inclusion in India. Contaduría y administración, 62(2), 644-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2017.01.007
  • Karakus, R. (2020). Türkiye’de Finansal Tabana Yayılma Düzeyi ve Belirleyicileri. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(1), 147-160. doi: 10.20409/berj.2020.241.
  • Korkmaz, Ş. (2016). Finansal içerme : Türkiye'de finansal erişim üzerine bir model uygulaması. (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul (55719)
  • Nandru, P., Byram, A., & Rentala, S. (2016). Determinants of financial inclusion: Evidence from account ownership and use of banking services. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development Studies, 4(2), 141-155.
  • Nasr, A. T. (2017). The Interplay of Credit, Savings, and Vulnerability: A Study of Financial Inclusion in Kenya. Cornell University. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.7298/X4MG7MMV
  • Özşuca, E. A. (2019). FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DATA. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 74(No. 4), 1377 – 1400. doi:10.33630/ausbf.614032
  • Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2011). Financial inclusion and development. Journal of international development, 23(5), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1698
  • Schreiber-Gregory, D. (2018). Logistic and Linear Regression Assumptions: Violation Recognition and Control. Henry M Jackson Foundation. Erişim adresi: https://analytics.ncsu.edu/sesug/2018/SESUG2018_Paper-247_Final_PDF.pdf
  • Sharma, A., & Kukreja, S. (2013). An analytical study: Relevance of financial inclusion for developing nations. International journal of engineering and science, 2(6), 15-20.
  • Swamy, V. (2014). Financial inclusion, gender dimension, and economic impact on poor households. World Development, 56, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.019
  • Terzi, N. (2015). Financial inclusion and Turkey. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1 S2), 269. 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s2p269
  • Tuesta, D., Sorensen, G., Haring, A., & Cámara, N. (2015). Financial inclusion and its determinants: the Argentine case. BBVA. Research Paper(15/03), 1-28. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/WP_15-03_Financial-Inclusion-in-Argentina.pdf
  • World Bank. 2014. Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9985-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
  • Yorulmaz, R. (2013). Construction of a regional financial inclusion index in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 7(1), 79-101. Erişim adresi: https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/BddkDergiEng/dergi_00013_06.pdf
  • FODER. Finansal Okuryazarlık ve Erişim Derneği Tüzüğü. Erişim adresi: https://www.fo-der.org/tuzuk/

AN EMPIRICAL RESEARCH ON THE LEVEL AND DETERMINANTS OF FINANCIAL INCLUSION: THE CASE OF TURKEY

Year 2020, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 92 - 94, 31.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363

Abstract

Purpose- The purpose of this study is to evaluate the current situation of financial inclusion and its determinants in Turkey.
Methodology- The study employed the descriptive analysis method and Probit regression and the data was obtained through questionnaires from 480 respondents.
Findings- The analysis reveals that in Turkey, 89.8% of the individuals have a formal account, and the remaining 10.2% of individuals are unbanked. Although the unbanked population is small in Turkey, financially excluded individuals were mostly excluded voluntarily. Using an account to save money and borrowing from family or friends are more common. In Turkey, 69.8% of respondents benefited from insurance services.
Conclusion- Based on the analyisis findings, it is concluded that individuals’ income & education levels are significantly associated with account ownership and formal savings. The income variable affected formal borrowing as well. The individual's age only affected to account ownership, while gender did not significantly affect financial inclusion indicators.

References

  • Abu Seman, J. (2016). Financial inclusion: The role of financial system and other determinants. (Doctoral dissertation, University of Salford, Uited Kingdom). Retrieved from http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/42264/1/Final%20PhD%20Thesis-%20JUNAIDAH%20ABU%20SEMAN.pdf
  • Al-Smadi, M. O. (2018). The role of financial inclusion in financial stability: lesson from Jordan. Banks and Bank Systems, 13(4), 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/bbs.13(4).2018.03.
  • Alp, A. (2007). İstatistiksel çalışmalarda probit analizi ve uygulama alanları. (Yüksek Lisans Tezi). Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
  • Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı. (2014). Hazine Müsteşarlığı Stratejik Planı 2014 - 2018. Ankara: Başbakanlık Hazine Müsteşarlığı.
  • Başbakanlık, T. (2014). Finansal erişim, finansal eğitim, finansal tüketicinin korunması stratejisi ve eylem planları konulu genelge (2014/10). Resmi Gazete, 29021(5).
  • BDDK. (2019). 2019-2021 Dördüncü Stratejik Plan. İstanbul: Bankacılık Düzenleme ve Denetleme Kurumu. Erişim adresi: https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/dokuman/hakkinda_0003_09.pdf
  • Chibba, M. (2009). Financial inclusion, poverty reduction and the millennium development goals. The European Journal of Development Research, 21(2), 213-230. Erişim adresi: https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1057/ejdr.2008.17.pdf
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., & Klapper, L. (2012). Measuring financial inclusion: The global findex database: The World Bank.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., Ansar, S., & Hess, J. (2018). The Global Findex Database 2017: Measuring financial inclusion and the fintech revolution: The World Bank.
  • Demirguc-Kunt, A., Klapper, L., Singer, D., & Van Oudheusden, P. (2015). The global findex database 2014: Measuring financial inclusion around the world: The World Bank.
  • Fungáčová, Z., & Weill, L. (2015). Understanding financial inclusion in China. China Economic Review, 34, 196-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.004
  • Gebeşoğlu, F. Ö. (2015). Türkiye’de Finansal Kapsama Seviyesi Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme Bankacılar Dergisi, 26(95), 69-84.
  • Hannig, A., & Jansen, S. (2010). Financial inclusion and financial stability: Current policy issues. Erişim adresi: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1729122
  • Iqbal, B. A., & Sami, S. (2017). Role of banks in financial inclusion in India. Contaduría y administración, 62(2), 644-656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cya.2017.01.007
  • Karakus, R. (2020). Türkiye’de Finansal Tabana Yayılma Düzeyi ve Belirleyicileri. Business and Economics Research Journal, 11(1), 147-160. doi: 10.20409/berj.2020.241.
  • Korkmaz, Ş. (2016). Finansal içerme : Türkiye'de finansal erişim üzerine bir model uygulaması. (Doktora Tezi). İstanbul Üniversitesi, İstanbul (55719)
  • Nandru, P., Byram, A., & Rentala, S. (2016). Determinants of financial inclusion: Evidence from account ownership and use of banking services. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Development Studies, 4(2), 141-155.
  • Nasr, A. T. (2017). The Interplay of Credit, Savings, and Vulnerability: A Study of Financial Inclusion in Kenya. Cornell University. Erişim adresi: https://doi.org/10.7298/X4MG7MMV
  • Özşuca, E. A. (2019). FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN TURKEY: EVIDENCE FROM INDIVIDUAL LEVEL DATA. Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 74(No. 4), 1377 – 1400. doi:10.33630/ausbf.614032
  • Sarma, M., & Pais, J. (2011). Financial inclusion and development. Journal of international development, 23(5), 613-628. https://doi.org/10.1002/jid.1698
  • Schreiber-Gregory, D. (2018). Logistic and Linear Regression Assumptions: Violation Recognition and Control. Henry M Jackson Foundation. Erişim adresi: https://analytics.ncsu.edu/sesug/2018/SESUG2018_Paper-247_Final_PDF.pdf
  • Sharma, A., & Kukreja, S. (2013). An analytical study: Relevance of financial inclusion for developing nations. International journal of engineering and science, 2(6), 15-20.
  • Swamy, V. (2014). Financial inclusion, gender dimension, and economic impact on poor households. World Development, 56, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.019
  • Terzi, N. (2015). Financial inclusion and Turkey. Academic Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 4(1 S2), 269. 10.5901/ajis.2015.v4n1s2p269
  • Tuesta, D., Sorensen, G., Haring, A., & Cámara, N. (2015). Financial inclusion and its determinants: the Argentine case. BBVA. Research Paper(15/03), 1-28. Erişim adresi: https://www.bbvaresearch.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/WP_15-03_Financial-Inclusion-in-Argentina.pdf
  • World Bank. 2014. Global Financial Development Report 2014: Financial Inclusion. Washington, DC: World Bank. doi:10.1596/978-0-8213-9985-9. License: Creative Commons Attribution CC BY 3.0
  • Yorulmaz, R. (2013). Construction of a regional financial inclusion index in Turkey. Journal of BRSA Banking and Financial Markets, 7(1), 79-101. Erişim adresi: https://www.bddk.org.tr/ContentBddk/BddkDergiEng/dergi_00013_06.pdf
  • FODER. Finansal Okuryazarlık ve Erişim Derneği Tüzüğü. Erişim adresi: https://www.fo-der.org/tuzuk/
There are 28 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance, Business Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Abdul Musawer Rahımyar This is me 0000-0003-0408-6414

Suna Akten Curuk This is me 0000-0001-5887-4905

Publication Date December 31, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Rahımyar, A. M., & Curuk, S. A. (2020). FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. PressAcademia Procedia, 12(1), 92-94. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363
AMA Rahımyar AM, Curuk SA. FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. PAP. December 2020;12(1):92-94. doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363
Chicago Rahımyar, Abdul Musawer, and Suna Akten Curuk. “FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. PressAcademia Procedia 12, no. 1 (December 2020): 92-94. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363.
EndNote Rahımyar AM, Curuk SA (December 1, 2020) FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. PressAcademia Procedia 12 1 92–94.
IEEE A. M. Rahımyar and S. A. Curuk, “FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”, PAP, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 92–94, 2020, doi: 10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363.
ISNAD Rahımyar, Abdul Musawer - Curuk, Suna Akten. “FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. PressAcademia Procedia 12/1 (December 2020), 92-94. https://doi.org/10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363.
JAMA Rahımyar AM, Curuk SA. FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. PAP. 2020;12:92–94.
MLA Rahımyar, Abdul Musawer and Suna Akten Curuk. “FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ”. PressAcademia Procedia, vol. 12, no. 1, 2020, pp. 92-94, doi:10.17261/Pressacademia.2020.1363.
Vancouver Rahımyar AM, Curuk SA. FİNANSAL İÇERME DÜZEYİ VE BELİRLEYİCİLERİ ÜZERİNE AMPİRİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA: TÜRKİYE ÖRNEĞİ. PAP. 2020;12(1):92-4.

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