Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi Bağlamında Artan Arktik Rekabeti ve Askeri Güvenlik

Year 2024, Volume: 13 Issue: Özel Sayı, 90 - 111, 10.10.2024

Ezgi Şahin , Merve Suna Özel Özcan

Abstract

Arktik’te küresel ısınma sonucunda eriyen buzullar, enerji kaynaklarının ve alternatif deniz rotalarının kullanımını mümkün hale getirmiştir. Bu durum, bölgenin ekonomik ve politik değerini artırmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Arktik, bölgesel ve küresel güçler için çekim merkezi haline gelirken, Arktik Konseyi, bölge devletleri arasında iş birliğini teşvik eden temel mekanizma olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ancak, Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı bölgenin güvenlik dinamiklerini değiştirmiştir. Bu gelişme, Arktik Konseyi’nin, Rusya’nın eylemlerine tepki olarak faaliyetlerini askıya almasına neden olmuş ve bölgede askeri hareketliliği artırmıştır. Bu durum, güvenlik ikilemini tetikleyerek, tarafların askeri varlıklarını ve operasyonlarını artırma eğilimini güçlendirmiştir. İsveç ve Finlandiya’nın NATO’ya üyeliğiyle Arktik Konseyi’nin yapısı, yedi NATO üyesi devlet ve Rusya olarak şekillenmiştir. NATO’nun Arktik’teki genişlemesi, Rusya tarafından bir tehdit olarak değerlendirilmektedir; buna karşılık, Rusya’nın Çin ile ilişkilerini derinleştirmesi ise NATO’nun tehdit algılarını şekillendirmektedir. Arktik bölgesinde Rusya ve Çin’in iş birliği, NATO’ya karşı yeni bir denge unsuru olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu bağlamda, Arktik’te bölgesel güvenlik kompleksi teorisi çerçevesinde askeri sektör açısından, Arktik NATO ve Avrasya-Arktik olmak üzere iki alt sistemden oluşan jeopolitik ittifak yapısı ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, Arktik’in küresel rekabet arenasına dönüşüm sürecini ve güvenlik dinamiklerini incelemektir. Çalışmada bölgedeki stratejik varlıklar tartışıldıktan sonra, tarafların artan askeri varlık ve faaliyetlerinin bölgesel güvenlik ittifakları üzerindeki etkileri analiz edilecektir.

Keywords

Arktik, Arktik Konseyi, Bölgesel Güvenlik Kompleksi, Rusya, NATO

Supporting Institution

Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi

Project Number

2024/063

Increasing Arctic Competition and Military Security in the Context of Regional Security Complex

Abstract

The melting glaciers in the Arctic, resulting from global warming, have facilitated using energy resources and alternative maritime routes. This development has enhanced the economic and political value of the region. As the Arctic has become a focal point for regional and global powers, the Arctic Council has emerged as a fundamental mechanism promoting cooperation among the regional states. However, the Russia-Ukraine War has altered the security dynamics of the Arctic. This development has led to suspending the Arctic Council’s activities in response to Russia’s actions, resulting in increased military mobility in the region. Consequently, this situation has triggered a security dilemma, reinforcing the tendency of the parties to augment their military presence and operations. With the accession of Sweden and Finland to NATO, the structure of the Arctic Council has shaped itself into comprising seven NATO member states and Russia. While NATO’s expansion in the Arctic has led Russia to perceive this situation as a threat, Russia’s deepening of relations with China in response is also shaping NATO’s threat perceptions. In this context, in alignment with the theory of regional security complexes in the Arctic, a geopolitical alliance structure has emerged consisting of two subsystems: Arctic NATO and Eurasian-Arctic. The cooperation between Russia and China in the Arctic has surfaced as a new balancing factor against NATO. This article aims to examine the process of the Arctic’s transformation into a global competition arena and its security dynamics. In this context, after discussing the strategic assets in the region, the effects of the increasing military presence of the parties on regional security alliances will be analyzed.

Keywords

Arctic, Arctic Council, Regional Security Complex, Russia, NATO

Project Number

2024/063

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