Examination of the effectiveness of 12-week Nordic Walking exercise in prediabetic individuals

Abstract

Purpose: Nordic walking (NW) exercise is a type of exercise performed with batons, thus enabling the upper extremity to participate in the movement, reducing the load on the lower extremity and resulting in the involvement of large muscle groups. Exercise is recommended to prevent the development of diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NW exercise on insulin resistance, erythrocyte deformability, adipokine levels, oxidative stress in prediabetic women aged 40-65 years.
Materials and methods: Prediabetic individuals underwent progressive NW exercise at 65% of maximal heart rate for 3 days/week/12 weeks. Erythrocyte deformability was measured with an ektacytometer. Oxidative stress, serum adipokines were determined by commercial kits.
Results: NW exercise induced weight loss and decrement in body fat percentage (p<0.05). Waist, hips, thighs, chest circumferences were also reduced in response to exercise (p<0.05). NW exercise returned fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c levels of prediabetic individuals to control levels (p=0.001, p=0.013 and p=0.021, respectively). Exercise yielded acute and prolonged increases in erythrocyte deformability of  prediabetic individuals (p<0.05). The first exercise session caused decrement of total oxidant status and oxidative stress (p=0.015 and p=0.013, respectively). No alteration in serum adipokines was detected.
Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that NW exercise may contribute to the  prevention of diabetes development in prediabetic individuals. It may also be beneficial in preventing the development of possible complications by regulating perfussion and acutely reducing oxidative stress.

Keywords

• Nordic Walking exercise
• prediabetes
• erythrocyte deformability
• oxidative stress
• adipokines

Prediyabetik bireylerde 12 haftalık Nordic Walking egzersizinin etkinliğinin incelenmesi

Abstract

Amaç: Nordic walking (NW) egzersizi batonlarla yapılan, dolayısıyla üst ekstremitenin de harekete katılımını sağlayarak alt ekstremiteye binen yükü azaltan, daha fazla kas grubunu çalıştıran popüler bir egzersiz türüdür. Diabetes mellitus gelişimini önlemek için egzersiz önerilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı 40-65 yaşlarındaki prediyabetik kadınlarda NW egzersizinin insülin direnci, eritrosit deformabilitesi, adipokin düzeyleri ve oksidatif stres üzerindeki etkilerini araştırmaktır.
Gereç ve yöntem: Prediyabetik bireylere (n=16) maksimum kalp hızının %65’inde, 3 gün/hafta, 12 haftalık ilerleyici NW egzersizi uygulanmıştır. Eritrosit deformabilitesi bir viskometre aracılığıyla ve oksidatif stres ile serum adipokin düzeyleri ticari kitlerle ölçülmüştür.

Bulgular: Uygulanan NW egzersizi hastaların kilo vermesine, vücut yağ yüzdelerinde azalmaya sebep olmuştur (p<0,05). Bel, kalça, uyluk, göğüs çevreleri de egzersiz sonucunda azalmıştır (p<0,05). Prediyabetik hastaların başlangıç açlık kan şekeri, serum insülin ve HbA1c düzeyleri sağlıklı gruptan yüksek iken (p=0,001, p=0,013 ve p=0,021, sırasıyla), uygulanan egzersiz programı bu parametrelerin kontrol  değerlerine dönmesine yol açmıştır. Egzersiz prediyabetik bireylerin eritrosit deformabilitesinde akut ve uzun süreli artışlara sebep olmuştur (p<0,05). Prediyabetik bireylerde ilk egzersiz seansı akut etkiyle total oksidan kapasite ve oksidatif

stres indeksinde azalma oluşturmuştur (p=0,015 ve p=0,013, sırasıyla). Serum adipokin düzeylerinde herhangi bir değişiklik saptanmamıştır.
Sonuç: Sonuçlarımız NW egzersiz eğitiminin prediyabetik bireylerde diyabet  gelişiminin önlenmesinde faydalı olabileceğini, doku kanlanmasını düzenlemek ve akut dönemde oksidatif stresi azaltmak suretiyle olası komplikasyonların gelişimine olumlu katkıları olabileceğini göstermektedir. 

Keywords

• Nordic Walking egzersizi
• prediyabet
• eritrosit deformabilitesi
• oksidatif stres
• adipokinler

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