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KOAH hastaları arasında astım-KOAH overlap (AKO) sıklığı ve ayırıcı tanıda prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)' nin rolü

Year 2026, Volume: 19 Issue: 2 , 413 - 422 , 13.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1726143
https://izlik.org/JA85WB67LW

Abstract

Amaç: Astım-KOAH overlap (AKO) bazı özelikleri ile astım bazı özellikleri ile Kronik Obstruktif Akciğer Hastalığına (KOAH) benzeyen bir hastalıktır. Astım için Küresel İnsiyatif (Global Initiative for Astma, GINA) ve KOAH için Küresel İnisiyatif (Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease, GOLD) rehberlerinde “persistan hava akımı kısıtlanması (postbronkodilatör FEV1/FVC<%70) olan olgularda astım ve KOAH özelliklerinin birbirine yakın oranlarda eşlik etmesidir” şeklinde tanımlanmıştır. KOAH tanısıyla takip ettiğimiz hastalardan GINA ve GOLD kriterlerine göre AKO olan hastaların sıklığını araştırmayı, klinik özelliklerini ve laboratuvar bulgularını karşılaştırmayı amaçladık. Bu hastalarda prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) düzeylerini değerlendirerek AKO ayırıcı tanısında bir parametre olarak kullanılıp kullanılamayacağını araştırdık.
Gereç ve yöntem: Çalışmaya Ekim 2021-Mayıs 2022 tarihleri arasında Denizli’deki 3 hastanenin göğüs hastalıkları polikliniklerine başvuran, en az bir yıldır KOAH tanısıyla takip ve tedavi altındaki 40 yaş ve üzeri hastalar dahil edildi. Tüm hastalarda solunum fonksiyon testi (SFT) ile reversibilite araştırıldı. Hastalarda postbronkodilatatör FEV1/FVC<%70 ve reversibilite pozitifliği bulunması AKO olarak değerlendirildi. KOAH ve AKO olarak ikiye ayrılan hastalar klinik, laboratuvar, SFT ve hastane başvuruları bakımından karşılaştırıldı.
Bulgular: Çalışmaya alınan 166 KOAH hastasının 158’i erkek, 8’i kadındı ve yaş ortalamaları 61,48 (40-84) idi. KOAH tanısıyla çalışmaya alınan 30 (%18,07) hastaya AKO tanısı konuldu. AKO hastalarının ortalama kan eosinofil yüzdesi KOAH’lılardan daha yüksekken, ortalama kan nötrofil sayı ve yüzdeleri KOAH’lılardan daha düşüktü (sırasıyla p=0,02, p=0,02 ve p=0,03). KOAH grubunun total IgE düzeyi AKO grubuna göre daha yüksekti (p=0,006).
Sonuç: Çalışmamızda AKO hastalarını KOAH’lılardan ayırmada PGD2’nin faydasız; ortalama kan eosinofil yüzdeleri ve ortalama kan nötrofil yüzdelerinin ise faydalı, ancak yetersiz oldukları sonucuna varılmıştır.

Project Number

PAU-BAP: 2021TIPF013

References

  • 2022 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/. Accessed October 21, 2021
  • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/. Accessed December 14, 2021
  • Shirai T, Hirai K, Gon Y, et al. Combined Assessment of Serum Periostin and YKL-40 May Identify Asthma-COPD Overlap. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(1):134-145.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.015
  • Wang L, Yao D, Deepak RNVK, et al. Structures of the Human PGD2 Receptor CRTH2 Reveal Novel Mechanisms for Ligand Recognition. Molecular Cell. Cell Press. 2018;72(1):48-59.e4. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.009
  • Guo Y, Hong C, Liu Y, Chen H, Huang X, Hong M. Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(23):e10857. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010857
  • Çolak Y, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Marott JL, Lange P. Combined value of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils in chronic airway disease: The Copenhagen General Population Study. Eur Respir J. 2018;52(2):1800615. doi:10.1183/13993003.00616-2018
  • Mostafavi Pour Manshadi SMY, Naderi N, Barrecheguren M, Dehghan A, Bourbeau J. Investigating Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO): A Scoping Review. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2018;15(4):377-391. doi:10.1080/15412555.2018.1485637
  • Hirai K, Shirai T, Shimoshikiryo T, et al. Circulating microRNA-15b-5p as a biomarker for asthma-COPD overlap. Allergy. 2021;76(3):766-774. doi:10.1111/all.14520
  • Ober C. Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(2):274-278. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.03910.
  • Uchida A, Sakaue K, Inoue H. Epidemiology of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) [Internet]. Allergology International. Elsevier B.V; 2018;67:165-171. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2018.02.002
  • Hardin M, Silverman EK, Barr RG, et al. The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma [Internet]. Respiratory Research. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011;12(1):127. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-127
  • Miravitlles M, Soriano JB, Ancochea J, et al. Characterisation of the overlap COPD-asthma phenotype. Focus on physical activity and health status. Respir Med. 2013;107(7):1053-1060. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.007
  • Zeki AA, Schivo M, Chan A, Albertson TE, Louie S. The Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome: A Common Clinical Problem in the Elderly. J Allergy (Cairo). 2011;2011:861926. doi:10.1155/2011/861926
  • Albertson TE, Chenoweth JA, Pearson SJ, Murin S. The pharmacological management of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS). Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020;21(2):213-231. doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1701656
  • Özdemir F. Göğüs Hastalıkları Polikliniğimizde Takip Edilen KOAH Tanılı Hastalarda Astım-KOAH Overlap Sıklığı Ve Prostoglandin D2’nin Tanısal Değeri. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Erzincan, 2021.
  • Singh D, Kolsum U, Brightling CE, Locantore N, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R. ECLIPSE investigators. Eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(6):1697-700. doi:10.1183/09031936.00162414
  • Tommola M, Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, et al. Differences between asthma - COPD overlap syndrome and adult-onset asthma. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(5):1602383. doi:10.1183/13993003.02383-2016
  • Mendy A, Forno E, Niyonsenga T, Carnahan R, Gasana J. Prevalence and features of asthma-COPD overlap in the United States 2007–2012. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(8):2369-2377. doi:10.1111/crj.12917
  • Arima M, Fukuda T. Prostaglandin D2 and T(H)2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Korean J Intern Med. 2011;26(1):8-18. doi:10.3904/kjim.2011.26.1.8
  • Uzan GC, Borekci S, Doventas YE, Koldas M, Gemicioglu B. The relationship between inflammatory markers and spirometric parameters in ACOS, Asthma, and COPD. J Asthma. 2020;57(12):1273-1279. doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1652644

The prevalence of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) among COPD patients and the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in differential diagnosis

Year 2026, Volume: 19 Issue: 2 , 413 - 422 , 13.04.2026
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1726143
https://izlik.org/JA85WB67LW

Abstract

Purpose: Asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) is a disease similar to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) with some features of asthma. In the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines, it is defined as “asthma and COPD symptoms accompanying each other at similar rates in cases with persistent airflow limitation (postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC<70%)”. We aimed to investigate the frequency of patients with ACO according to GINA and GOLD criteria among those we followed with the diagnosis of COPD and to compare their clinical features and laboratory findings. We evaluated prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) levels in these patients and investigated whether it could be used as a parameter in the differential diagnosis of ACO.
Materials and methods: Patients with COPD who applied to the chest diseases outpatient clinics of 3 hospitals in Denizli were examined between October 2021 and May 2022. Patients aged 40 years and older, who were followed up and treated with COPD by a pulmonologist for at least one year and who gave consent were included in the study. The presence of reversibility was investigated by pulmonary function test (PFT) in all patients. If the postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC was <70% in the patients included in the study and the reversibility was positive, it was considered as ACO. Patients divided into two groups as COPD and ACO were compared in terms of clinical, laboratory, PFT and hospital admissions.
Results: A total of 166 COPD patients were included in the study. 158 of the patients were male and 8 were female, and their mean age was 61.48 (40-84). 30 (18.07%) patients included in the study with the diagnosis of COPD were diagnosed with ACO. While the mean blood eosinophil percentage in ACO patients was higher than in COPD patients, the mean blood neutrophil counts and percentages were lower than in COPD patients (p=0.02, p=0.02, and p=0.03, respectively). Total IgE level of the COPD group was higher than the ACO group (p=0.006).
Conclusion: In our study, PGD2 was ineffective in differentiating ACO patients from COPD patients; mean blood eosinophil percentages and mean blood neutrophil percentages were useful but insufficient.

Ethical Statement

T.C. PAMUKKALE ÜNİVERSİTESİ Girişimsel Olmayan Klinik Araştırmalar Etik Kurulu Tıp Fakültesi Dekanlığı Kınıklı/Denizli Ayrıntılı bilgi için irtibat : Selda BAKIR Tel: 0 258 296 16 04 Faks: 0 (258) 296 17 65 E-Posta: tibbietik@pau.edu.tr Elektronik Ağ:http://www.pau.edu.tr Sayı :60116787-020/60671 06/10/2020 Konu :Başvurunuz hk. Sayın Prof. Dr. Yaşar ENLİ İlgi :20/08/2020 tarihli dilekçeniz İlgi dilekçe ile başvurmuş olduğunuz "KOAH Hastaları Arasında Astım-Koah Overlap Sendromu (AKOS) Sıklığı ve Ayırıcı Tanıda Prostaglandin D2 (PGD2)' nin Rolü" konulu çalışmanız 25.08.2020 tarih ve 16 sayılı kurul toplantımızda görüşülmüş olup, Yapılan görüşmelerden sonra, söz konusu çalışmanın yapılmasında ETİK AÇIDAN SAKINCA OLMADIĞINA, altı ayda bir çalışma hakkında Kurulumuza bilgi verilmesine oy birliği ile karar verilmiştir. Bilgilerinizi rica ederim. Prof. Dr. Tahir TURAN Başkan

Supporting Institution

Pamukkale Üniversitesi, BAP koordinatörlüğü

Project Number

PAU-BAP: 2021TIPF013

References

  • 2022 GINA Report, Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Available at: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/. Accessed October 21, 2021
  • Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease. Available at: https://goldcopd.org/. Accessed December 14, 2021
  • Shirai T, Hirai K, Gon Y, et al. Combined Assessment of Serum Periostin and YKL-40 May Identify Asthma-COPD Overlap. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2019;7(1):134-145.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2018.06.015
  • Wang L, Yao D, Deepak RNVK, et al. Structures of the Human PGD2 Receptor CRTH2 Reveal Novel Mechanisms for Ligand Recognition. Molecular Cell. Cell Press. 2018;72(1):48-59.e4. doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2018.08.009
  • Guo Y, Hong C, Liu Y, Chen H, Huang X, Hong M. Diagnostic value of fractional exhaled nitric oxide for asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome. Medicine (Baltimore). 2018;97(23):e10857. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010857
  • Çolak Y, Afzal S, Nordestgaard BG, Marott JL, Lange P. Combined value of exhaled nitric oxide and blood eosinophils in chronic airway disease: The Copenhagen General Population Study. Eur Respir J. 2018;52(2):1800615. doi:10.1183/13993003.00616-2018
  • Mostafavi Pour Manshadi SMY, Naderi N, Barrecheguren M, Dehghan A, Bourbeau J. Investigating Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma-COPD Overlap (ACO): A Scoping Review. COPD: Journal of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. 2018;15(4):377-391. doi:10.1080/15412555.2018.1485637
  • Hirai K, Shirai T, Shimoshikiryo T, et al. Circulating microRNA-15b-5p as a biomarker for asthma-COPD overlap. Allergy. 2021;76(3):766-774. doi:10.1111/all.14520
  • Ober C. Perspectives on the past decade of asthma genetics. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2005;116(2):274-278. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2005.04.03910.
  • Uchida A, Sakaue K, Inoue H. Epidemiology of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) [Internet]. Allergology International. Elsevier B.V; 2018;67:165-171. doi:10.1016/j.alit.2018.02.002
  • Hardin M, Silverman EK, Barr RG, et al. The clinical features of the overlap between COPD and asthma [Internet]. Respiratory Research. BioMed Central Ltd; 2011;12(1):127. doi:10.1186/1465-9921-12-127
  • Miravitlles M, Soriano JB, Ancochea J, et al. Characterisation of the overlap COPD-asthma phenotype. Focus on physical activity and health status. Respir Med. 2013;107(7):1053-1060. doi:10.1016/j.rmed.2013.03.007
  • Zeki AA, Schivo M, Chan A, Albertson TE, Louie S. The Asthma-COPD Overlap Syndrome: A Common Clinical Problem in the Elderly. J Allergy (Cairo). 2011;2011:861926. doi:10.1155/2011/861926
  • Albertson TE, Chenoweth JA, Pearson SJ, Murin S. The pharmacological management of asthma-chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap syndrome (ACOS). Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2020;21(2):213-231. doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1701656
  • Özdemir F. Göğüs Hastalıkları Polikliniğimizde Takip Edilen KOAH Tanılı Hastalarda Astım-KOAH Overlap Sıklığı Ve Prostoglandin D2’nin Tanısal Değeri. Tıpta Uzmanlık Tezi. Erzincan Binali Yıldırım Üniversitesi, Tıp Fakültesi, Göğüs Hastalıkları Anabilim Dalı, Erzincan, 2021.
  • Singh D, Kolsum U, Brightling CE, Locantore N, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R. ECLIPSE investigators. Eosinophilic inflammation in COPD: prevalence and clinical characteristics. Eur Respir J. 2014;44(6):1697-700. doi:10.1183/09031936.00162414
  • Tommola M, Ilmarinen P, Tuomisto LE, et al. Differences between asthma - COPD overlap syndrome and adult-onset asthma. Eur Respir J. 2017;49(5):1602383. doi:10.1183/13993003.02383-2016
  • Mendy A, Forno E, Niyonsenga T, Carnahan R, Gasana J. Prevalence and features of asthma-COPD overlap in the United States 2007–2012. Clin Respir J. 2018;12(8):2369-2377. doi:10.1111/crj.12917
  • Arima M, Fukuda T. Prostaglandin D2 and T(H)2 inflammation in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma. Korean J Intern Med. 2011;26(1):8-18. doi:10.3904/kjim.2011.26.1.8
  • Uzan GC, Borekci S, Doventas YE, Koldas M, Gemicioglu B. The relationship between inflammatory markers and spirometric parameters in ACOS, Asthma, and COPD. J Asthma. 2020;57(12):1273-1279. doi:10.1080/02770903.2019.1652644
There are 20 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Biochemistry and Cell Biology (Other), Chest Diseases
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Saadet Han Aslan 0000-0003-2155-614X

Yasar Enli 0000-0001-5080-3192

Project Number PAU-BAP: 2021TIPF013
Submission Date June 25, 2025
Acceptance Date February 20, 2026
Publication Date April 13, 2026
DOI https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.1726143
IZ https://izlik.org/JA85WB67LW
Published in Issue Year 2026 Volume: 19 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA 1.Aslan SH, Enli Y. The prevalence of asthma-COPD overlap (ACO) among COPD patients and the role of prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) in differential diagnosis. Pam Med J. 2026;19(2):413-422. doi:10.31362/patd.1726143

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