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Comparison of types of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance in patients with neurogenic bladder treated with clean intermittent catheterization and children with normal bladder and recurrent urinary tract infection.

Year 2019, , 133 - 140, 18.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.472717

Abstract

Purpose: In this study, it was aimed to
compare the frequency of significant bacteriuria and antibiotic resistance
characteristics in children with myelodysplasia-neurogenic bladder in whom
clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) and
children with normal bladder and recurrent urinary tract
infection.

Material-Methods: Children with neurogenic bladder in whom CIC
group were divided into two subgroups as taking antibiotic prophylaxis and not.
Children with normal bladder and recurrent urinary tract infection group were
divided in to two subgroups as with vesicoureteral reflux and without.
Renal scar, vesicoureteral reflux,
microorganism types,
antibiotic resistance in urine culture antibiogram was compared in all
groups
.

Results: The neurogenic bladder group was
composed 99 cultures of 26 patients (mean age:6.01±4.00 years 18 girls) who were
found to have significant bacteriuria 
and the normal bladder group was composed of 352 cultures of 75 children
(mean age:7.2±4.34 years 56 girls). Growth of
Escherichia coli was
found with the highest rate in children with neurogenic bladder
and children with normal bladder. However ESBL producing
microorganisms were found highest
rate in children with neurogenic bladder than children with normal bladder. A
significant increase resistance to ampicillin and
piperacillin
tazobactam
was found in
children with neurogenic bladder than children with normal bladder. Non E. Coli microorganisms such as Klebsiella were found highest rate in
children with neurogenic bladder who were using prophylactic antibiotic. A
significant increase resistance to ampicillin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin
resistance was also found in the patients who received prophylactic antibiotic
compared to the patients who did not receive prophylactic antibiotic in
children with neurogenic bladder.
A
significant increase
resistance
to
ampicillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,
aztreonam,
cefepime, ceftazidime, fosfomycin was also found in the patients with vesicoureteral reflux than without.







Conclusion: Early and correct treatment as CIC may easily
prevent renal damage in children with myelodysplasia-neurogenic bladder. The
use of prophylactic antibiotics may lead to the development of drug-resistance
in patients with neurogenic bladder. Therefore
use of prophylactic
antibiotics this group may not be necessary. Highest antibiotic resistance was
found in the patients with normal bladder and vesicoureteral reflux. Also a
significant increase renal scar incidence in same group. Although, it was concluded that prophylactic antibiotic use
should be continued as the scar ratio is high in patients with normal bladder
and vesicoureteral reflux. 

References

  • 1. Cenk Murat Yazıcı, Selçuk Yücel. Çocuklarda nörojen mesaneye genel yaklaşım. Turk J Urol 2010;36:160-166.2. Yıldız ZA, Candan C, Arga M, Turhan P, İşgüven P, Ergüven M. Urinary tract infections in children with myelodysplasia in whom clean intermittent catheterization was administered. Turk Pediatri Ars 2014;49:36-41.3. Zegers B, Uiterwaal C, Kimpen J et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization. J Urol 2011;186:2365-2370.4. Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV, Smellie JM, Tamminen-Möbius TE. International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteral reflux, International Reflux Study in Children. Pediatr Radiol 1985;15:105-109.5. Elif Tükenmez-Tigen, Lütfiye Mülazımoğlu. Toplum Kökenli İnfeksiyonlarda Genişlemiş Spektrumlu β-Laktamazlar ve Klinik Önemi. Klımık Derg 2012; 25: 94-98.6. Kizilca O, Siraneci R, Yilmaz A, Hatipoglu N, Ozturk E, Kiyak A, Ozkok D. Riskfactors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Int 2012;54:858-862.7. Azap OK, Arslan H, Serefhanoğlu K et al. Risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positivity in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:147-151.8. Topaloglu R, Er I, Dogan BG et al. Risk factors in community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:919-925.9. Clarke SA, Samuel M, Boddy SA. Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary with clean intermittent catheterization? A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2005;40:568-571.10. García Leoni ME, Esclarín De Ruz A. Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003;9:780-785.11. Ottolini MC, Shaer CM, Rushton HG, Majd M, Gonzales EC, Patel KM. Relationship of asymptomatic bacteriuria and renal scarring in children with neuropathic bladders who are practicing clean intermittent catheterization. J Pediatr 1995;127:368-372.12. Yüksel S, Oztürk B, Kavaz A et al. Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and evaluation of empirical treatment in Turkish children with urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006;28:413-416.13. Cemal Üstün, Saadet Demirören, Sevim Demir. Pediatrik yaş grubu toplum kökenli üriner sistem infeksiyonlarından izole edilen Escherıchıa colı ve Klebsıella spp. Suşlarının in-vitro antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg 2009;23: 155-160.

Temiz aralıklı kateterizasyon yapan nörojen mesaneli hastalar ile normal mesaneli ve tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonu olan çocukların idrar kültürlerindeki mikroorganizma türleri ve antibiyotik direnç farkları.

Year 2019, , 133 - 140, 18.01.2019
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.472717

Abstract

Giriş: Bu çalışmada spinal
disrafizme bağlı nörojen mesane nedeni ile temiz aralıklı kateterizasyon (TAK) uygulayan
hastalar ile nörojen mesanesi olmayan ve tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonu
olan hastaların idrar kültürlerindeki mikroorganizmaların tipleri, sıklıkları,
antibiyotik dirençleri ve direnç gelişimine etki eden faktörler ayrımlanmaya
çalışıldı.



Gereç-Yöntem: Spinal
disrafizm nedeni ile nörojen mesanesi olan ve TAK uygulamakta olan hastalar
grup 1, nörojen mesanesi olmayıp tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonu ile takip
edilen hastalar grup 2 olarak adlandırıldı. Ayrıca grup 1 antibiyotik
proflaksisi alan ve almayan olmak üzere, grup 2‘deki hastalar ise
vezikoüreteral reflü olup olmamasına göre iki alt gruba ayrıldı ve
mikroorganizma türleri ve antibiyotik dirençlerine göre karşılaştırıldı.



Bulgular:  Nörojen mesane nedeni ile temiz aralıklı
kataterizasyon yapılan 26 (ortalama yaş 6,01±4 yıl, 18 kız) hastanın 1 yıl
içinde alınan idrar kültürlerinin 99’unda, nörojen mesane olmayan tekrarlayan
idrar yolu enfeksiyonu tanısı ile izlenen 76 (ortalama yaş
7,2±4,34 yıl, 56 kız)
hastanın 352 idrar kültüründe anlamlı üreme saptandı. Her iki hasta grubunda en
sık görülen mikroorganizma türü E. Coli
olup görülme sıklıkları açısından fark saptanmadı. Nörojen mesane grubunda
genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta laktamaz mikroorganizma (ESBL+) normal mesane
grubuna göre daha yüksekti. İki grup arasında antibiyotik direnç oranları
karşılaştırıldığında nörojen mesane grubunda piperasilin tazobaktam ve
ampisilin dirençleri anlamlı yüksek saptandı. Nörojen mesanesi olup antibiyotik
proflaksisi alan grupta (16 hasta, % 61) E.
Coli
dışı mikroorganizma ile Klebsiella
üreme sıklığı ve ampisilin, seftriakson, gentamisin dirençleri anlamlı yüksek
saptandı. Normal mesaneli grupta; VUR olan hastalarda üreyen mikroorganizmalar
ve ESBL+ liği açısından anlamlı fark saptanmazken, ampisilin, trimetoprim/sulfametoksazol,
aztreonam, sefepim, seftazidim, gentamisin, fosfomisin dirençleri anlamlı
yüksek saptandı. Gruplar arasında en yüksek skar oranı normal mesaneli VUR+
hastalarda saptandı.



Sonuç:



TAK
yapılan hastalarda ESBL+ dirençli mikroorganizmaların yüksek görülmesi TAK
yapılmasının dirençte risk faktörü olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmada hem en yüksek
antibiyotik direnci hem de en yüksek skar oranı normal mesaneli VUR+ hastalarda
saptandı. TAK yapılan nörojen mesaneli hastalarda, mikroorganizmalarda
antibiyotik direnci gelişmesi nedeni profilaksi kullanılmamalı iken normal
mesaneli VUR+ hastalarda skar oranı yüksek olduğu için profilaktik antibiyotik
kullanımına devam edilmesi gerektiği sonucuna varılmıştır. 

References

  • 1. Cenk Murat Yazıcı, Selçuk Yücel. Çocuklarda nörojen mesaneye genel yaklaşım. Turk J Urol 2010;36:160-166.2. Yıldız ZA, Candan C, Arga M, Turhan P, İşgüven P, Ergüven M. Urinary tract infections in children with myelodysplasia in whom clean intermittent catheterization was administered. Turk Pediatri Ars 2014;49:36-41.3. Zegers B, Uiterwaal C, Kimpen J et al. Antibiotic prophylaxis for urinary tract infections in children with spina bifida on intermittent catheterization. J Urol 2011;186:2365-2370.4. Lebowitz RL, Olbing H, Parkkulainen KV, Smellie JM, Tamminen-Möbius TE. International system of radiographic grading of vesicoureteral reflux, International Reflux Study in Children. Pediatr Radiol 1985;15:105-109.5. Elif Tükenmez-Tigen, Lütfiye Mülazımoğlu. Toplum Kökenli İnfeksiyonlarda Genişlemiş Spektrumlu β-Laktamazlar ve Klinik Önemi. Klımık Derg 2012; 25: 94-98.6. Kizilca O, Siraneci R, Yilmaz A, Hatipoglu N, Ozturk E, Kiyak A, Ozkok D. Riskfactors for community-acquired urinary tract infection caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Int 2012;54:858-862.7. Azap OK, Arslan H, Serefhanoğlu K et al. Risk factors for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase positivity in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from community-acquired urinary tract infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2010;16:147-151.8. Topaloglu R, Er I, Dogan BG et al. Risk factors in community-acquired urinary tract infections caused by ESBL-producing bacteria in children. Pediatr Nephrol 2010;25:919-925.9. Clarke SA, Samuel M, Boddy SA. Are prophylactic antibiotics necessary with clean intermittent catheterization? A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Surg 2005;40:568-571.10. García Leoni ME, Esclarín De Ruz A. Management of urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injuries. Clin Microbiol Infect 2003;9:780-785.11. Ottolini MC, Shaer CM, Rushton HG, Majd M, Gonzales EC, Patel KM. Relationship of asymptomatic bacteriuria and renal scarring in children with neuropathic bladders who are practicing clean intermittent catheterization. J Pediatr 1995;127:368-372.12. Yüksel S, Oztürk B, Kavaz A et al. Antibiotic resistance of urinary tract pathogens and evaluation of empirical treatment in Turkish children with urinary tract infections. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2006;28:413-416.13. Cemal Üstün, Saadet Demirören, Sevim Demir. Pediatrik yaş grubu toplum kökenli üriner sistem infeksiyonlarından izole edilen Escherıchıa colı ve Klebsıella spp. Suşlarının in-vitro antibiyotik direnci. ANKEM Derg 2009;23: 155-160.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Clinical Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

İlknur Girişgen

Selçuk Yüksel

Eftal Egemen Akbulut This is me

Kadriye Karcılı Yalçın

Hande Şenol

Publication Date January 18, 2019
Submission Date October 19, 2018
Acceptance Date December 17, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019

Cite

AMA Girişgen İ, Yüksel S, Akbulut EE, Karcılı Yalçın K, Şenol H. Temiz aralıklı kateterizasyon yapan nörojen mesaneli hastalar ile normal mesaneli ve tekrarlayan idrar yolu enfeksiyonu olan çocukların idrar kültürlerindeki mikroorganizma türleri ve antibiyotik direnç farkları. Pam Tıp Derg. January 2019;12(1):133-140. doi:10.31362/patd.472717
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