Research Article
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The effect of caregivers on neuro-development of infants aged 0-24 months old.

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 33 - 40, 21.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.602960

Abstract

Objective: The indoor and outdoor factors have important effects
 on growth and development of the child
in the early childhood. The caregivers with in adequate knowledge and education
may not provide the child necessary stimuli, so age-appropriate development of
the children will be prevented. The aim of this study is to observe the effect
of caregivers on the neuro-development of infants.



Methods: The study
was conducted on 839 children aged 0-24 months. Detailed physical examination were
performed in all patients. Demographic data were obtained by a questionnairre.
All children underwent Denver II Developmental Screening Test. Test results were
interpreted as normal, abnormal and suspicious.

Results: It was found that the weight and
height of the children aged 12-24 months who were cared by babysitters were significantly
lower than those cared by their parents (
p=0.007 and p=0.038, respectively). In contrast to the care provided
by parents, there was a higher rate of abnormal and suspicious results in
Denver II Test results (
p=0.028) for the patients cared by babysitters
between 12 and 24 months. Children who were cared by babysitters were found to have
lower scores in the language and fine motor area, as opposed to those looked at
by parents (
p=0.001, p=0.004).
Conclusion: Inconclusion, this study
showed that the caregivers have a very important role on physical, social and cognitive
development of children. At the same time, it is necessary to disseminate screening
studies in order to determine the children at risk of developmental delay.

References

  • Edwards SL, Sarwark JF. Infant and child motor development. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;434:33-39.
  • Khundrakpam BS, Lewis JD, Zhao L, Chouinard-Decorte F, Evans AC. Brain connectivity in normally developing children and adolescents. Neuroimage. 2016;134:192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.062
  • Lagercrantz H.Connecting the brain of the child from synapses to screen-based activity. ActaPaediatr. 2016;105:352-357. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13298
  • Campbell FA, Pungello EP, Miller-Johnson S, Burchinal M, Ramey CT. The development of cognitive and academic abilities: Growth curves from an early childhood educational experiment. Dev Psychol. 2001;37:231-242.
  • Da Rocha NK, de Souza MR, Teixeira RA, Pinto PA. Growth and development and their environmental and biological determinants. J Pediatr. 2016;92:241-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.08.007
  • Grantham-Mc Gregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369:60-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4
  • T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2014b). İstihdam ve Çalışma Hayatı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018), Ankara.
  • Kakıcı H, Emeç H, Üçdoğruk Ş. Türkiye'de çalışan kadınların çocuk bakım tercihleri. Ekonometri ve İstatistik. 2007;5:20-35.
  • Farkas C, Vallotton CD, Strasser K, Santelices MP, Himmel E. Socioemotional skills between 12 and 30 months of age on Chilean children: When do the competences of adults matter? Infant Behav Dev. 2017;49:192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.09.010
  • Gökçay G. Yaşamın ilk 2 yılında çocuk sağlığı ve bakımı. İstanbul, Turkey; 2011.p. 118-174.Turkish.
  • Walker SP, Wachs TD, Grantham-McGregor S, et al. Inequality in early childhood: Risk and protective factors for early child development. Lancet. 2011;378:1325-1338.
  • Anlar B, Bayoglu B, Yalaz K. Denver II gelişimsel tarama testi "Türk çocuklarına uyarlanması ve standardizasyonu". Ankara, Turkey; 2009. p.5-6. Turkish.
  • Olcay Neyzi, Hülya Günöz, Andrzej Furman, ve ark. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51:1-14.
  • Amato PR. The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social and emotional well-being of the next generation. Future Child. 2005;15:75-96.
  • El NN, Bachman HJ, Votruba-Drzal E. Parent involvement and children’s academic and social development in elementary school. Child Dev. 2010;81:988-1005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01447.x
  • Geoffroy MC, Pinto PS, Li L, Power C. Child neglect and maltreatment and childhood-to-adulthood cognition and mental health in a prospective birth cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55:33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.10.012
  • Yalaz K, Epir S. Urban Turkish Children's performance on the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1984;26:632-643.
  • Brito CM, Vieira GO, Costa Mda C, Oliveira NF. Neuropsychomotor development: The Denver scale for screening cognitive and neuromotor delays in preschoolers. Cad SaudePublica. 2011;27:1403-1414.
  • Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, Panoscha R. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: Systematic evidence review for the US preventive services task force. Pediatrics. 2006;117:298-319. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1467
  • Ribeiro CD, Pachelli MR, Amaral NC, Lamonica DA. Development skills of children born premature with low and very low birth weight. Codas. 2017;29:e20160058. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162016058
  • Lozoff B, Smith JB, Clark KM, Perales CG, Rivera F, Castillo M. Home intervention improves cognitive and social-emotional scores in iron-deficient anemic infants. Pediatrics. 2010;126:88494.
  • Luby JL, Barch DM, Belden A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Babb C, et al. Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:2854-2859. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118003109
  • Cruise S, O’Reilly D. The influence of parents, older siblings, and non-parental care on infant development at nine months of age. Infant Behav Dev. 2014;37:546-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.06.005
  • Mollborn S, Fomby P, Dennis JA. Who Matters for children’s early development? Race/ethnicity and extended household structures in the United States. Child Indic Res. 2011;4:389-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-010-9090-2
  • Rogers CR, Nulty KL, Betancourt MA, DeThorne LS.Causal effects on child language development: A review of studies in communication sciences and disorders. J CommunDisord. 2015;57:3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.06.004

0-24 ay arası infantlarda bakım veren kişilerin nörogelişim üzerine etkisi.

Year 2020, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 33 - 40, 21.01.2020
https://doi.org/10.31362/patd.602960

Abstract

Amaç: Erken
çocukluk döneminde iç ve dış ortam faktörlerinin çocuğun büyüme ve gelişimi
üzerinde önemli etkileri bulunmaktadır. Yetersiz bilgi ve eğitimi olan bakım
verenlerin gerekli uyaranları sunmamaları, çocukların yaşlarına uygun
gelişmelerine engel olacaktır. Bu çalışmanın amacı da; 0-24 ay arası
infantlarda bakım veren kişilerin, bebeklerin kişisel-sosyal, ince motor, dil
ve kaba motor alanlardaki gelişimi üzerindeki etkisinin incelenmesidir.

Yöntemler: Çalışma, yaşları 0-24 ay
arasında olan 839 çocuk üzerinde yürütüldü. Tüm hastaların fizik muayeneleri ve
antropometrik ölçümleri yapıldı. Elde edilen değerler persantil eğrisi üzerinde
işaretlendi. Genel aile bilgileri ve bakım veren kişiler sorgulandı. Tüm
çocuklara Denver II Gelişimsel Tarama Testi yapıldı. Test sonuçları normal,
anormal ve şüpheli olarak yorumlandı.

Bulgular: 12-24 ay arası ücretli
bakıcılar tarafından bakım verilen çocukların kilo ve boylarının, anne-baba ve
büyükanne tarafından bakım verilenlerden istatiksel olarak anlamlı derecede
düşük olduğu bulunmuştur (sırasıyla
p=0.007 ve p=0.038). Ancak baş çevresi gruplar arasında
anlamlı bir değişiklik göstermemiştir (
p=0.249). 12-24
ay arasında ücretli bakıcılar tarafından bakım verilen çocukların, anne-baba ve
büyükanne tarafından bakılanların aksine, Denver II Test sonuçlarında daha
yüksek oranda anormal ve şüpheli sonuçlara rastlanmıştır (
p=0.028). 12-24 ay arasındaki 342 çocuk, Denver II
Gelişimsel Tarama Testinin dört alanına göre ayrıntılı incelendiğinde; ücretli
bakıcılar tarafından bakım verilen çocukların, anne-baba ve büyükanne
tarafından bakılanların aksine, dil ve ince motor alanda daha düşük skorlara
sahip olduğu görülmüştür (
p=0.001, p=0.004).
Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışma
çocukların fiziksel, sosyal ve kognitif gelişimleri üzerinde bakım veren
kişilerin çok önemli bir rolü olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda
gelişimsel gerilik riski taşıyan çocukların erken dönemde belirlenmesi için de
tarama çalışmalarının yaygınlaştırılması gereklidir.

References

  • Edwards SL, Sarwark JF. Infant and child motor development. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;434:33-39.
  • Khundrakpam BS, Lewis JD, Zhao L, Chouinard-Decorte F, Evans AC. Brain connectivity in normally developing children and adolescents. Neuroimage. 2016;134:192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.03.062
  • Lagercrantz H.Connecting the brain of the child from synapses to screen-based activity. ActaPaediatr. 2016;105:352-357. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.13298
  • Campbell FA, Pungello EP, Miller-Johnson S, Burchinal M, Ramey CT. The development of cognitive and academic abilities: Growth curves from an early childhood educational experiment. Dev Psychol. 2001;37:231-242.
  • Da Rocha NK, de Souza MR, Teixeira RA, Pinto PA. Growth and development and their environmental and biological determinants. J Pediatr. 2016;92:241-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2015.08.007
  • Grantham-Mc Gregor S, Cheung YB, Cueto S, et al. Developmental potential in the first 5 years for children in developing countries. Lancet. 2007;369:60-70. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(07)60032-4
  • T.C. Kalkınma Bakanlığı. (2014b). İstihdam ve Çalışma Hayatı Özel İhtisas Komisyonu Raporu, Onuncu Kalkınma Planı (2014-2018), Ankara.
  • Kakıcı H, Emeç H, Üçdoğruk Ş. Türkiye'de çalışan kadınların çocuk bakım tercihleri. Ekonometri ve İstatistik. 2007;5:20-35.
  • Farkas C, Vallotton CD, Strasser K, Santelices MP, Himmel E. Socioemotional skills between 12 and 30 months of age on Chilean children: When do the competences of adults matter? Infant Behav Dev. 2017;49:192-203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.09.010
  • Gökçay G. Yaşamın ilk 2 yılında çocuk sağlığı ve bakımı. İstanbul, Turkey; 2011.p. 118-174.Turkish.
  • Walker SP, Wachs TD, Grantham-McGregor S, et al. Inequality in early childhood: Risk and protective factors for early child development. Lancet. 2011;378:1325-1338.
  • Anlar B, Bayoglu B, Yalaz K. Denver II gelişimsel tarama testi "Türk çocuklarına uyarlanması ve standardizasyonu". Ankara, Turkey; 2009. p.5-6. Turkish.
  • Olcay Neyzi, Hülya Günöz, Andrzej Furman, ve ark. Türk çocuklarında vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, baş çevresi ve vücut kitle indeksi referans değerleri. Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Dergisi. 2008;51:1-14.
  • Amato PR. The impact of family formation change on the cognitive, social and emotional well-being of the next generation. Future Child. 2005;15:75-96.
  • El NN, Bachman HJ, Votruba-Drzal E. Parent involvement and children’s academic and social development in elementary school. Child Dev. 2010;81:988-1005. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01447.x
  • Geoffroy MC, Pinto PS, Li L, Power C. Child neglect and maltreatment and childhood-to-adulthood cognition and mental health in a prospective birth cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2016;55:33-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2015.10.012
  • Yalaz K, Epir S. Urban Turkish Children's performance on the Denver Developmental Screening Test. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1984;26:632-643.
  • Brito CM, Vieira GO, Costa Mda C, Oliveira NF. Neuropsychomotor development: The Denver scale for screening cognitive and neuromotor delays in preschoolers. Cad SaudePublica. 2011;27:1403-1414.
  • Nelson HD, Nygren P, Walker M, Panoscha R. Screening for speech and language delay in preschool children: Systematic evidence review for the US preventive services task force. Pediatrics. 2006;117:298-319. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2005-1467
  • Ribeiro CD, Pachelli MR, Amaral NC, Lamonica DA. Development skills of children born premature with low and very low birth weight. Codas. 2017;29:e20160058. https://doi.org/10.1590/2317-1782/20162016058
  • Lozoff B, Smith JB, Clark KM, Perales CG, Rivera F, Castillo M. Home intervention improves cognitive and social-emotional scores in iron-deficient anemic infants. Pediatrics. 2010;126:88494.
  • Luby JL, Barch DM, Belden A, Gaffrey MS, Tillman R, Babb C, et al. Maternal support in early childhood predicts larger hippocampal volumes at school age. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012;109:2854-2859. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1118003109
  • Cruise S, O’Reilly D. The influence of parents, older siblings, and non-parental care on infant development at nine months of age. Infant Behav Dev. 2014;37:546-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infbeh.2014.06.005
  • Mollborn S, Fomby P, Dennis JA. Who Matters for children’s early development? Race/ethnicity and extended household structures in the United States. Child Indic Res. 2011;4:389-411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-010-9090-2
  • Rogers CR, Nulty KL, Betancourt MA, DeThorne LS.Causal effects on child language development: A review of studies in communication sciences and disorders. J CommunDisord. 2015;57:3-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomdis.2015.06.004
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Paediatrics
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ayşin Nalbantoğlu 0000-0002-5757-4051

Saliha Baykal This is me 0000-0003-3398-6876

Publication Date January 21, 2020
Submission Date August 7, 2019
Acceptance Date December 6, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

AMA Nalbantoğlu A, Baykal S. 0-24 ay arası infantlarda bakım veren kişilerin nörogelişim üzerine etkisi. Pam Med J. January 2020;13(1):33-40. doi:10.31362/patd.602960

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