Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

IMPACT OF COVID-19 ON THE RETURN AND VOLATILITY SPILLOVERS AMONG STOCK MARKETS

Year 2022, , 350 - 368, 20.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1061814

Abstract

This research examines dynamic connectedness between eleven stock markets before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diebold-Yılmaz spillover index (2009) is employed in an attempt to explore return and volatility spillovers. The data set covers 3103 daily observations from January 1, 2010 to November 23, 2021. Findings indicate that interdependence between stock markets increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The return spillover index rose from 29.6 percent to 36.6 percent as the volatility spillover index jumped from 20.1 percent to 43.7 percent. Furthermore, rolling window analysis provides clear evidence of burst in both return and volatility spillovers. On the other hand, USA (S&P-500) appears to be a major transmitter of shocks. These results reveal the impact of COVID-19 outbreak on the dynamic relationships between stock markets

References

  • Ajmi, H., Arfaoui, N. ve Saci, K. (2020). “Volatility Transmission across International Markets amid COVID-19 Pandemic”, Studies in Economics and Finance, 38(5), 926-945.
  • Akkuş, H.T., Sakarya, Ş. ve Tüzün, O. (2018). “Tahvil Faizleri ile CDS Primleri Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılım Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi”, Bankacılar Dergisi, 104(29), 41-54.
  • Aktaş, H., Kayalıdere, K. ve Elçiçek, Y.K. (2018). “Petrol, Dolar Kuru ve Hisse Senedi Piyasası Arasındaki Ortalama-Oynaklık Yayılım Etkisi: BİST 100 Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi, (10. yıl özel sayısı), 354-377.
  • Amar, A.B., Belaid, F., Youssef, A.B., Chiao, B. ve Guesmi, K. (2021). “The Unprecedented Reaction of Equity and Commodity Markets to COVID-19”, Finance Research Letters, 38, 1-7.
  • Anbar, A., Alper, D. ve Kara, E. (2011). “Küresel Finansal Kriz Döneminde ABD Hisse Senedi Piyasası ile İMKB Arasındaki Etkileşimin Dinamik Koşullu Korelasyon Analiziyle İncelenmesi”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(36), 155-170.
  • Arouri, M.E.H., Jouini, J. ve Nguyen, D.K. (2012). “On the Impacts of Oil Price Fluctuations on European Equity Markets: Volatility Spillover and Hedging Effectiveness”, Energy Economics, 34(2), 611-617.
  • Aslam, F., Ferreira, P., Mughai, K.S. ve Bashir, B. (2021). “Intraday Volatility Spillovers among European Financial Markets During COVID-19”, International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(1), 1-19.
  • Azis, I.J., Mitra, S., Baluga, A., Dime, R. (2013). “The Threat of Financial Contagion to Emerging Asia’s Local Bond Markets: Spillovers from Global Crises”, ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, No:106, 1-41.
  • Bala, L. ve Premaratne, G. (2004). “Volatility Spillover and Co-movement: Some New Evidence from Singapore”, Midwest Econometrics Group Fourteenth Annual Meeting, 15-16 Ekim, Evanston.
  • Belaid, F., Amar, A.B., Goutte, S. ve Guesmi, K. (2021). “Emerging and Advanced Economies Markets Behaviour During the COVID-19 Crisis Era”, International Journal of Finance & Economics, Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2494
  • Choudhry, T. ve Jayasekera, R. (2014). “Returns and Volatility Spillover in the European Banking Industry During Global Financial Crisis: Flight to Perceived Quality or Contagion?”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 36, 36-45.
  • Corbet, S., Goodell, J.W. ve Günay, S. (2020). “Co-movements and Spillovers of Oil and Renewable Firms Under Extreme Conditions: New Evidence from Negative WTI Prices During COVID-19”, Energy Economics, 92, 1-24.
  • Çelik, İ., Özdemir, A., ve Gülbahar, S.D. (2018). “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Getiri ve Volatilite Yayılımı: NIMPT Ülkelerinde VAR-EGARCH Uygulaması”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (636), 9-24.
  • Çiçek, M. (2010). “Türkiye’de Faiz, Döviz ve Borsa: Fiyat ve Oynaklık Yayılma Etkileri”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(2), 1-28.
  • Dean, W.G., Faff, R.W. ve Loudon, G.F. (2010). “Asymmetry in Return and Volatility Spillover Between Equity and Bond Markets in Australia”, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 18(3), 272-289.
  • Deehani, T.A. ve Moosa, I.A. (2006). “Volatility Spillover in Regional Emerging Stock Markets”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(4), 78-89.
  • Değirmenci, N. ve Abdioğlu, Z. (2017). “Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılımı”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (54), 104-125.
  • Diebold, F.X. ve Yılmaz, K. (2009). “Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, With Application to Global Equity Markets”, The Economic Journal, 119(534), 158-171.
  • Diebold, F.X. ve Yılmaz, K. (2012). “Better to Give than to Receive: Predictive Directional Measurement of Volatility Spillovers”, International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66.
  • Fasanya, I.O., Oyewole, O., Adekoya, O.B. ve Odei-Mensah, J. (2021). “Dynamic Spillovers and Connectedness Between COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Foreign Exchange Markets”, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 2059-2084.
  • Guru, B.K. ve Das, A. (2021). “COVID-19 and Uncertainty Spillovers in Indian Stock Market”, MethodsX, 8, 1-8.
  • Gürsoy, S. ve Gövdere, B. (2020). “Uluslararası Pay Piyasaları Arasındaki Getiri ve Volatilite Yayılımı: Gelişmiş Ülkeler ve Seçilmiş Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 11(27), 498-513.
  • Hong, Y. (2001). “A Test for Volatility Spillover With Application to Exchange Rates”, Journal of Econometrics, 103(1-2), 183-224.
  • Hung, N.T. ve Vo, X.V. (2021). “Directional Spillover Effects and Time – Frequency Nexus Between Oil, Gold and Stock Markets: Evidence from Pre and During COVID-19 Outbreak”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 76, 1-9.
  • Jebran, K. ve Iqbal, A. (2016). “Dynamics of Volatility Spillover Between Stock Market and Foreign Exchange Market: Evidence from Asian Countries”, Financial Innovation, 2(1), 1-20.
  • Kakinuma, Y. (2021). “Nexus Between Southeast Asian Stock Markets, Bitcoin and Gold: Spillover Effect Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Journal of Asia Business Studies, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-02-2021-0050
  • Kamışlı, M. ve Sevil, G. (2018). “Borsa İstanbul Alt Sektör Endeksleri Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılımlarının Analizi”, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(4), 1015-1032.
  • Kanas, A. (2000). “Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: international evidence”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 27(3&4), 447-467.
  • Karali, B. ve Ramirez, O.A. (2014). “Macro Determinants of Volatility and Volatility Spillover in Energy Markets”, Energy Economics, 46, 413-421.
  • Khalid, H.M., Farooq, S., Liaqat, F. ve Naeem, M. (2021). “Assessment of Return and Volatility Spillovers across Sectors’ Indices: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange”, International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 14(5), 477-496.
  • Koop, G., Pesaran, M. H., & Potter, S. M. (1996). “Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models”, Journal of econometrics, 74(1), 119-147.
  • Kumar, A.S. ve Anandarao, S. (2019). “Volatility Spillover in Crypto-currency Markets: Some Evidences from GARCH and Wavelet Analysis”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 524, 448-458.
  • Kuzu, S. (2019). “Devlet İç Borçlanma Senetleri, Döviz, Petrol Piyasalarının Hisse Senedi Piyasası Üzerine Ortalama ve Oynaklık Yayılma Etkileri”, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(17), 443-461.
  • Li, Y. ve Giles, D.E. (2015). “Modelling Volatility Spillover Effects Between Developed Stock Markets and Asian Emerging Stock Markets”, International Journal of Finance & Economics, 20(2), 155-177.
  • Lin, B., Wesseh Jr, P.K. ve Appiah, M.O. (2014). “Oil Price Fluctuation, Volatility Spillover and the Ghanaian Equity Market: Implication for Portfolio Management and Hedging Effectiveness”, Energy Economics, 42, 172-182.
  • Malik, F. ve Hammoudeh, S. (2007). “Shock and Volatility Transmission in the Oil, US and Gulf Equity Markets”, International Review of Economics and Finance, 16(3), 357-368.
  • Malik, K., Sharma, S. ve Kaur, M. (2021). “Measuring Contagion During COVID-19 Through Volatility Spillovers of BRIC Countries Using Diagonal BEKK Approach”, Journal of Economic Studies, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2020-0246
  • Mensi, W., Beljid, M. ve Boubaker, A. (2013). “Correlations and Volatility Spillovers across Commodity and Stock Markets: Linking Energies, Food and Gold”, Economic Modelling, 32, 15-22.
  • Mwambuli, E.L., Xianzhi, Z. ve Kisava, Z.S. (2016). “Volatility Spillover Effects Between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Turkey”, Business and Economic Research, 6(2), 343-359.
  • Pabuçcu, H. ve Değirmenci, N. (2018). “Volatilitenin Modellenmesi ve ANFIS Model ile BİST100 Getiri Tahmini”, Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 325-345.
  • Parkinson, M. (1980). “The Extreme Value Method for Estimating the Variance of the Rate of Return”, The Journal of Business, 53(1), 61-65.
  • Pesaran, H. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). “Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models”, Economics letters, 58(1), 17-29.
  • Rakshit, B. ve Neog, Y. (2021). “Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stock Market Returns and Volatilities: Evidence from Selected Emerging Economies”, Studies in Economics and Finance, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2020-0389
  • Reyes, M.G. (2001). “Asymmetric Volatility Spillover in the Tokyo Stock Exchange”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 25(2), 206-213.
  • Tastan, H. ve Gungor, A. (2019). “Türkiye Hisse Senedi Piyasa Volatilitesinin Makroekonomik Temelleri”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(4), 823-832.
  • Tse, Y. (1999). “Price Discovery and Volatility Spillovers in the DJIA Index Futures Markets”, The Journal of Futures Markets, 19(8), 911-930.
  • Vardar, G. ve Aydoğan, B. (2018). “Volatility Transmission Between Housing and Stock Markets in Europe: A Multivariate GARCH Perspective”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 18(4), 619-629.
  • Wang, D., Li, P. ve Huang, L. (2021). “Time – Frequency Volatility Spillovers Between Major International Financial Markets During the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Finance Research Letters, Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102244
  • Yousaf, I. ve Ali, S. (2020). “The COVID-19 Outbreak and High Frequency Information Transmission Between Major Cryptocurrencies: Evidence from the VAR-DCC-GARCH Approach”, Borsa İstanbul Review, 20(Supp. 1), 1-10.

COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ

Year 2022, , 350 - 368, 20.04.2022
https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1061814

Abstract

Bu çalışma, COVID-19 pandemisi öncesinde ve süresince 11 pay piyasası arasındaki dinamik bağımlılık ilişkilerini incelemektedir. Volatilite ve getiri yayılımlarını araştırmak için Diebold - Yılmaz yayılım endeksi (2009) kullanılmıştır. Veri seti 1 Ocak 2010 tarihinden 23 Kasım 2021 tarihine kadar 3103 günlük gözlemi kapsamaktadır. Çalışma bulguları, COVID-19 pandemisi boyunca pay piyasaları arasındaki bağlantıların arttığını göstermektedir. Getiri yayılımı endeksi %29.6’dan %36.6’ya yükselirken, volatilite yayılımı endeksi %20.1’den %43.7’ye sıçramıştır. Ayrıca kayan pencereler analizi, hem getiri hem volatilite yayılımlarında patlama yaşandığına dair açık kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Öte yandan ABD’nin (S&P-500) yayılım etkilerinin en büyük belirleyicisi olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar, COVID-19 salgınının pay piyasaları arasında bulunan dinamik ilişkiler üzerindeki etkisini ortaya koymaktadır.

References

  • Ajmi, H., Arfaoui, N. ve Saci, K. (2020). “Volatility Transmission across International Markets amid COVID-19 Pandemic”, Studies in Economics and Finance, 38(5), 926-945.
  • Akkuş, H.T., Sakarya, Ş. ve Tüzün, O. (2018). “Tahvil Faizleri ile CDS Primleri Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılım Etkilerinin Belirlenmesi”, Bankacılar Dergisi, 104(29), 41-54.
  • Aktaş, H., Kayalıdere, K. ve Elçiçek, Y.K. (2018). “Petrol, Dolar Kuru ve Hisse Senedi Piyasası Arasındaki Ortalama-Oynaklık Yayılım Etkisi: BİST 100 Üzerine Bir Uygulama”, Muhasebe ve Vergi Uygulamaları Dergisi, (10. yıl özel sayısı), 354-377.
  • Amar, A.B., Belaid, F., Youssef, A.B., Chiao, B. ve Guesmi, K. (2021). “The Unprecedented Reaction of Equity and Commodity Markets to COVID-19”, Finance Research Letters, 38, 1-7.
  • Anbar, A., Alper, D. ve Kara, E. (2011). “Küresel Finansal Kriz Döneminde ABD Hisse Senedi Piyasası ile İMKB Arasındaki Etkileşimin Dinamik Koşullu Korelasyon Analiziyle İncelenmesi”, Elektronik Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 10(36), 155-170.
  • Arouri, M.E.H., Jouini, J. ve Nguyen, D.K. (2012). “On the Impacts of Oil Price Fluctuations on European Equity Markets: Volatility Spillover and Hedging Effectiveness”, Energy Economics, 34(2), 611-617.
  • Aslam, F., Ferreira, P., Mughai, K.S. ve Bashir, B. (2021). “Intraday Volatility Spillovers among European Financial Markets During COVID-19”, International Journal of Financial Studies, 9(1), 1-19.
  • Azis, I.J., Mitra, S., Baluga, A., Dime, R. (2013). “The Threat of Financial Contagion to Emerging Asia’s Local Bond Markets: Spillovers from Global Crises”, ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration, No:106, 1-41.
  • Bala, L. ve Premaratne, G. (2004). “Volatility Spillover and Co-movement: Some New Evidence from Singapore”, Midwest Econometrics Group Fourteenth Annual Meeting, 15-16 Ekim, Evanston.
  • Belaid, F., Amar, A.B., Goutte, S. ve Guesmi, K. (2021). “Emerging and Advanced Economies Markets Behaviour During the COVID-19 Crisis Era”, International Journal of Finance & Economics, Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.2494
  • Choudhry, T. ve Jayasekera, R. (2014). “Returns and Volatility Spillover in the European Banking Industry During Global Financial Crisis: Flight to Perceived Quality or Contagion?”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 36, 36-45.
  • Corbet, S., Goodell, J.W. ve Günay, S. (2020). “Co-movements and Spillovers of Oil and Renewable Firms Under Extreme Conditions: New Evidence from Negative WTI Prices During COVID-19”, Energy Economics, 92, 1-24.
  • Çelik, İ., Özdemir, A., ve Gülbahar, S.D. (2018). “Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Getiri ve Volatilite Yayılımı: NIMPT Ülkelerinde VAR-EGARCH Uygulaması”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (636), 9-24.
  • Çiçek, M. (2010). “Türkiye’de Faiz, Döviz ve Borsa: Fiyat ve Oynaklık Yayılma Etkileri”, Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi, 65(2), 1-28.
  • Dean, W.G., Faff, R.W. ve Loudon, G.F. (2010). “Asymmetry in Return and Volatility Spillover Between Equity and Bond Markets in Australia”, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 18(3), 272-289.
  • Deehani, T.A. ve Moosa, I.A. (2006). “Volatility Spillover in Regional Emerging Stock Markets”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 42(4), 78-89.
  • Değirmenci, N. ve Abdioğlu, Z. (2017). “Finansal Piyasalar Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılımı”, Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (54), 104-125.
  • Diebold, F.X. ve Yılmaz, K. (2009). “Measuring Financial Asset Return and Volatility Spillovers, With Application to Global Equity Markets”, The Economic Journal, 119(534), 158-171.
  • Diebold, F.X. ve Yılmaz, K. (2012). “Better to Give than to Receive: Predictive Directional Measurement of Volatility Spillovers”, International Journal of Forecasting, 28(1), 57-66.
  • Fasanya, I.O., Oyewole, O., Adekoya, O.B. ve Odei-Mensah, J. (2021). “Dynamic Spillovers and Connectedness Between COVID-19 Pandemic and Global Foreign Exchange Markets”, Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 2059-2084.
  • Guru, B.K. ve Das, A. (2021). “COVID-19 and Uncertainty Spillovers in Indian Stock Market”, MethodsX, 8, 1-8.
  • Gürsoy, S. ve Gövdere, B. (2020). “Uluslararası Pay Piyasaları Arasındaki Getiri ve Volatilite Yayılımı: Gelişmiş Ülkeler ve Seçilmiş Gelişmekte Olan Ülkeler Üzerine Bir İnceleme”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Vizyoner Dergisi, 11(27), 498-513.
  • Hong, Y. (2001). “A Test for Volatility Spillover With Application to Exchange Rates”, Journal of Econometrics, 103(1-2), 183-224.
  • Hung, N.T. ve Vo, X.V. (2021). “Directional Spillover Effects and Time – Frequency Nexus Between Oil, Gold and Stock Markets: Evidence from Pre and During COVID-19 Outbreak”, International Review of Financial Analysis, 76, 1-9.
  • Jebran, K. ve Iqbal, A. (2016). “Dynamics of Volatility Spillover Between Stock Market and Foreign Exchange Market: Evidence from Asian Countries”, Financial Innovation, 2(1), 1-20.
  • Kakinuma, Y. (2021). “Nexus Between Southeast Asian Stock Markets, Bitcoin and Gold: Spillover Effect Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Journal of Asia Business Studies, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-02-2021-0050
  • Kamışlı, M. ve Sevil, G. (2018). “Borsa İstanbul Alt Sektör Endeksleri Arasındaki Oynaklık Yayılımlarının Analizi”, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(4), 1015-1032.
  • Kanas, A. (2000). “Volatility Spillovers Between Stock Returns and Exchange Rate Changes: international evidence”, Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 27(3&4), 447-467.
  • Karali, B. ve Ramirez, O.A. (2014). “Macro Determinants of Volatility and Volatility Spillover in Energy Markets”, Energy Economics, 46, 413-421.
  • Khalid, H.M., Farooq, S., Liaqat, F. ve Naeem, M. (2021). “Assessment of Return and Volatility Spillovers across Sectors’ Indices: Evidence from Pakistan Stock Exchange”, International Journal of Monetary Economics and Finance, 14(5), 477-496.
  • Koop, G., Pesaran, M. H., & Potter, S. M. (1996). “Impulse response analysis in nonlinear multivariate models”, Journal of econometrics, 74(1), 119-147.
  • Kumar, A.S. ve Anandarao, S. (2019). “Volatility Spillover in Crypto-currency Markets: Some Evidences from GARCH and Wavelet Analysis”, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and Its Applications, 524, 448-458.
  • Kuzu, S. (2019). “Devlet İç Borçlanma Senetleri, Döviz, Petrol Piyasalarının Hisse Senedi Piyasası Üzerine Ortalama ve Oynaklık Yayılma Etkileri”, Bingöl Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9(17), 443-461.
  • Li, Y. ve Giles, D.E. (2015). “Modelling Volatility Spillover Effects Between Developed Stock Markets and Asian Emerging Stock Markets”, International Journal of Finance & Economics, 20(2), 155-177.
  • Lin, B., Wesseh Jr, P.K. ve Appiah, M.O. (2014). “Oil Price Fluctuation, Volatility Spillover and the Ghanaian Equity Market: Implication for Portfolio Management and Hedging Effectiveness”, Energy Economics, 42, 172-182.
  • Malik, F. ve Hammoudeh, S. (2007). “Shock and Volatility Transmission in the Oil, US and Gulf Equity Markets”, International Review of Economics and Finance, 16(3), 357-368.
  • Malik, K., Sharma, S. ve Kaur, M. (2021). “Measuring Contagion During COVID-19 Through Volatility Spillovers of BRIC Countries Using Diagonal BEKK Approach”, Journal of Economic Studies, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/JES-05-2020-0246
  • Mensi, W., Beljid, M. ve Boubaker, A. (2013). “Correlations and Volatility Spillovers across Commodity and Stock Markets: Linking Energies, Food and Gold”, Economic Modelling, 32, 15-22.
  • Mwambuli, E.L., Xianzhi, Z. ve Kisava, Z.S. (2016). “Volatility Spillover Effects Between Stock Prices and Exchange Rates in Emerging Economies: Evidence from Turkey”, Business and Economic Research, 6(2), 343-359.
  • Pabuçcu, H. ve Değirmenci, N. (2018). “Volatilitenin Modellenmesi ve ANFIS Model ile BİST100 Getiri Tahmini”, Adam Akademi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 8(2), 325-345.
  • Parkinson, M. (1980). “The Extreme Value Method for Estimating the Variance of the Rate of Return”, The Journal of Business, 53(1), 61-65.
  • Pesaran, H. H., & Shin, Y. (1998). “Generalized impulse response analysis in linear multivariate models”, Economics letters, 58(1), 17-29.
  • Rakshit, B. ve Neog, Y. (2021). “Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Stock Market Returns and Volatilities: Evidence from Selected Emerging Economies”, Studies in Economics and Finance, Ahead of print. https://doi.org/10.1108/SEF-09-2020-0389
  • Reyes, M.G. (2001). “Asymmetric Volatility Spillover in the Tokyo Stock Exchange”, Journal of Economics and Finance, 25(2), 206-213.
  • Tastan, H. ve Gungor, A. (2019). “Türkiye Hisse Senedi Piyasa Volatilitesinin Makroekonomik Temelleri”, Business and Economics Research Journal, 10(4), 823-832.
  • Tse, Y. (1999). “Price Discovery and Volatility Spillovers in the DJIA Index Futures Markets”, The Journal of Futures Markets, 19(8), 911-930.
  • Vardar, G. ve Aydoğan, B. (2018). “Volatility Transmission Between Housing and Stock Markets in Europe: A Multivariate GARCH Perspective”, Ege Akademik Bakış, 18(4), 619-629.
  • Wang, D., Li, P. ve Huang, L. (2021). “Time – Frequency Volatility Spillovers Between Major International Financial Markets During the COVID-19 Pandemic”, Finance Research Letters, Ahead of Print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2021.102244
  • Yousaf, I. ve Ali, S. (2020). “The COVID-19 Outbreak and High Frequency Information Transmission Between Major Cryptocurrencies: Evidence from the VAR-DCC-GARCH Approach”, Borsa İstanbul Review, 20(Supp. 1), 1-10.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Finance
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Yavuz Gül 0000-0002-0208-6798

Mehmetcan Suyadal 0000-0002-8235-7462

Publication Date April 20, 2022
Acceptance Date February 14, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

APA Gül, Y., & Suyadal, M. (2022). COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(50), 350-368. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1061814
AMA Gül Y, Suyadal M. COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ. PAUSBED. April 2022;(50):350-368. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1061814
Chicago Gül, Yavuz, and Mehmetcan Suyadal. “COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 50 (April 2022): 350-68. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1061814.
EndNote Gül Y, Suyadal M (April 1, 2022) COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 50 350–368.
IEEE Y. Gül and M. Suyadal, “COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ”, PAUSBED, no. 50, pp. 350–368, April 2022, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1061814.
ISNAD Gül, Yavuz - Suyadal, Mehmetcan. “COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 50 (April 2022), 350-368. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1061814.
JAMA Gül Y, Suyadal M. COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ. PAUSBED. 2022;:350–368.
MLA Gül, Yavuz and Mehmetcan Suyadal. “COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 50, 2022, pp. 350-68, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1061814.
Vancouver Gül Y, Suyadal M. COVID-19’UN PAY PİYASALARI ARASINDAKİ GETİRİ VE VOLATİLİTE YAYILIMLARINA ETKİSİ. PAUSBED. 2022(50):350-68.