Etkin finansal piyasalarda yeni bilgiler spot ve vadeli işlemler piyasalarına eş zamanlı olarak aktarılır. Gerçekte ise birçok faktör bu iki piyasa arasında bilginin aktarımında öncül-ardıl ilişkisi oluşmasına neden olur. Bu çalışmanın amacı BİST 30 spot ve vadeli işlemler endeksleri arasında volatilite etkileşimini araştırmaktır. 2015 ve 2024 yılları arası dönemde günlük endeks kapanış verileri ile gerçekleştiren çalışmada vadeli işlem endeks hacmi de modele dahil edilmiştir. Diyagonal VECH-GARCH modeli ile yapılan analizler spot ve vadeli işlem endeks getirileri arasında volatilite etkileşimi ile ilgili kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Spot ve vadeli işlemler piyasası getirilerinde belirli bir ortalamaya göre meydana gelen önemli değişiklikleri yansıtan volatilite tüm katsayılarda anlamlı ve pozitif çıkmaktadır. Bu durum piyasalar arası yeni bir bilgi geldiğinde etkileşim mekanizmasının mevcut olduğu şeklinde yorumlanabilir. Geçmiş dönem şokları ve varyansları ile vadeli işlem endeks hacmi de bu etkileşim için önemli rol oynamaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın yazarı, araştırma ve yayın etiği ilkelerine uyduğunu kabul etmektedir.
References
Alemany, N., Arago, V. ve Salvador, E. (2020). “Lead-lag relationship between spot and futures stock indexes: Intraday data and regime-switching models”, International Review of Economics and Finance, 68, 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.03.009
Ali, M., Alam, N., ve Rizvi, S. A. R. (2020). “Coronavirus (COVID-19)-An epidemic or pandemic for financial markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance”, 27, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100341
Antonakakis, N., Floros, C., & Kizys, R. (2016). Dynamic spillover effects in futures markets: UK and US evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.03.008
Antoniou, A., Pescetto, G. ve Violaris, A. (2003). “Modelling international price relationships and interdependencies between the stock index and stock index futures markets of three EU countries: a multivariate analysis”, Journal of Business Finance ve Accounting, 30(5), 645-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-
5957.05409
Bhar, R. (2001), Return and volatility dynamics in the spot and futures markets in Australia: An intervention analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH-X framework. Journal of Future Markets, 21: 833-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/fut.1903
Bollerslev, T. (1986). “Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity”, Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
Bollerslev, T., Engle, R. F., ve Wooldrıdge, J. M. (1988). “A capital asset pricing model with timevarying covariances”, Journal of Political Economy, 96(1), 116-131.
Chan, K, Chan, K. C. ve Karolyi, G. A. (1991). “Intraday volatility in the stock ındex and stock ındex futures markets”, The Review of Financial Studies, 4 (4), 657-684. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/4.4.657
Chang, E. C., Cheng, J. W., & Pinegar, J. M. (1999). Does futures trading increase stock market volatility? The case of the Nikkei stock index futures markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 23(5), 727-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00069-7
Chen, R., ve Zheng, Z. (2008). “Unbiased estimation, price discovery and market efficiency: futures prices and spot prices”, Systems Engineering Theory and Practice, 28(8), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-8651(09)60031-4
Çelik, İ. (2012). “Vadeli işlem piyasasında fiyat keşfi: İzmir vadeli işlem ve opsiyon borsasında ampirik bir uygulama. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği”, Yayın No. 283, İstanbul.
Çevik, E. İ., ve Pekkaya, M. (2007). “Spot ve vadeli işlem fiyatlarının varyansları arasındaki nedensellik testi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 49-66.
Dickey, D. A., ve Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 366, 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
Engel, R. F. (1982). “Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of variance of United Kingdom inflation”, Econometrica, 50: 987–1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912773
Eraslan, M., & Koç, S. (2022). Pay Senedi Endeksleri ile Endeks Vadeli İşlemler Arasındaki Volatilite İlişkisi: Türkiye ve Dünya Örnekleri Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Analiz. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 655-671. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1084248
Ferreira, J. L. (2003). “Strategic interaction between futures and spot markets”.,Journal of Economic Theory, 108, 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0531(02)00012-1
Floros, C. (2009). “Price discovery in the South African stock index futures market”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 34, 148-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2001.12106311
Garbade, K. D., ve Silber, W. L. (1983). “Price movements and price discovery in futures and cash markets”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65(2), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924495
Gong, C. C., Ji, S. D., Su, L. L., Li, S. P. I., ve Ren, F. (2016). “The lead-lag relationship between stock index and stock index futures: A thermal optimal path method”, Physica A, 444, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.10.028
Gürbüz, S., & Şahbaz, A. (2022). Investigating the volatility spillover effect between derivative markets and spot markets via the wavelets: The case of Borsa İstanbul. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(2), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.05.006
Gök, İ. Y., ve Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). “BIST 30 spot ve futures piyasalarında gün içi fiyat keşfi ve volatilite yayılımı”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 109-133.
Göçmen Yağcılar, G. (2022). “Türkiye’de spot ve vadeli işlem piyasaları arasında bilgi etkinliği ve etkileşim: öncül-ardıl ilişkiler ve volatilite iletimi”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 18(2), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.969177
Haroon, O., Ali, M., Khan, A., Khattak, M. A., ve Rizvi, S. A. R. (2021). “Financial market risks during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(8), 2407-2414. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1873765
Hildebrand, P. M. (2006). “Monetary policy and financial markets”, Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 20, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-006-0004-8
Hu, Y. (2016). “Study on effects of CSI 300 stock index futures on Chinese stock market volatility”, In 2016 International Forum on Management, Education and Information Technology Application. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ifmeita-16.2016.65
Hou, Y. G., & Li, S. (2020). Volatility and skewness spillover between stock index and stock index futures markets during a crash period: New evidence from China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 66, 166-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.11.003
Iihara, Y., Kato, K. ve Tokunaga, T. (1996). “Intraday return dynamics between the cash and the futures markets in Japan”, The Journal of Futures Markets, 16(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9934(199604)16:2<147::AID-FUT2>3.0.CO;2-K
İşeri, M., ve Kaçmazer, M. (2016). “2005-2015 yılları arasında BIST30 endeksi ve BIST30 endeks vadeli işlem sözleşmeleri arasındaki nedensellik (öncül-ardıl) ilişkisinin irdelenmesi”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (615), 9-21.
İşeri, M., & Kaçmazer, M. (2017). 2011-2015 yılları arasında Bist 30 endeksi ve Bist 30 endeks vadeli işlem sözleşmeleri arasındaki volatilite ilişkisinin irdelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 39(1), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.329920
Jiang, T., Bao, S., ve Li, L. (2019). “The linear and nonlinear lead-lag relationship among three SSE 50 index markets: The index futures, 50ETF spot and options markets”, Physica A, 525, 878-893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.056
Kara E., Anbar A. ve Arabacı Ö. (2022). “BİST 30 vadeli işlem ve spot piyasaları arasında volatilite yayılımı ilişkisi: DCC GARCH analizi”, Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(43), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.827041
Kawaller I. G., Koch, P. D., ve Koch, T. W. (1987). “The temporal price relationship between SveP 500 futures and the SveP 500 index”, The Journal of Finance, 42(5), 1309-1329. https://doi.org/10.2307/2328529
Kavussanos, M. G., Visvikis, I. D. ve Alexakis, P. D. (2008). “The lead-lag relationship between cash and stock ındex futures in a new market”, European Financial Management, 14(5), 1007-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036X.2007.00412.x
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VOLATILITY INTERACTION IN SPOT AND FUTURES INDEXES: BIST 30 SAMPLE
In efficient financial markets, new information is transmitted simultaneously to spot and futures markets. Many factors cause a lead-lag relationship in the transmission of information between these two markets in reality. This study aims to investigate the volatility interaction between BIST30 spot and futures indices. Daily index closing data is used between 2015 and 2024, and futures index volume is also included in the model. The analysis with the Diagonal VECH-GARCH model provides evidence of volatility interaction between spot and futures index returns. The volatility, reflecting significant changes in returns in the spot and futures markets relative to a certain average, is found to be significant and positive in all coefficients. This situation can be interpreted as the presence of an interaction mechanism when new information enters the markets. The shock of the past period and their variances and futures index volume also play an important role in this interaction.
Alemany, N., Arago, V. ve Salvador, E. (2020). “Lead-lag relationship between spot and futures stock indexes: Intraday data and regime-switching models”, International Review of Economics and Finance, 68, 269-280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2020.03.009
Ali, M., Alam, N., ve Rizvi, S. A. R. (2020). “Coronavirus (COVID-19)-An epidemic or pandemic for financial markets. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance”, 27, 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2020.100341
Antonakakis, N., Floros, C., & Kizys, R. (2016). Dynamic spillover effects in futures markets: UK and US evidence. International Review of Financial Analysis, 48, 406-418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2015.03.008
Antoniou, A., Pescetto, G. ve Violaris, A. (2003). “Modelling international price relationships and interdependencies between the stock index and stock index futures markets of three EU countries: a multivariate analysis”, Journal of Business Finance ve Accounting, 30(5), 645-667. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-
5957.05409
Bhar, R. (2001), Return and volatility dynamics in the spot and futures markets in Australia: An intervention analysis in a Bivariate EGARCH-X framework. Journal of Future Markets, 21: 833-850. https://doi.org/10.1002/fut.1903
Bollerslev, T. (1986). “Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity”, Journal of Econometrics, 31: 307–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(86)90063-1
Bollerslev, T., Engle, R. F., ve Wooldrıdge, J. M. (1988). “A capital asset pricing model with timevarying covariances”, Journal of Political Economy, 96(1), 116-131.
Chan, K, Chan, K. C. ve Karolyi, G. A. (1991). “Intraday volatility in the stock ındex and stock ındex futures markets”, The Review of Financial Studies, 4 (4), 657-684. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/4.4.657
Chang, E. C., Cheng, J. W., & Pinegar, J. M. (1999). Does futures trading increase stock market volatility? The case of the Nikkei stock index futures markets. Journal of Banking & Finance, 23(5), 727-753. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(98)00069-7
Chen, R., ve Zheng, Z. (2008). “Unbiased estimation, price discovery and market efficiency: futures prices and spot prices”, Systems Engineering Theory and Practice, 28(8), 2-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1874-8651(09)60031-4
Çelik, İ. (2012). “Vadeli işlem piyasasında fiyat keşfi: İzmir vadeli işlem ve opsiyon borsasında ampirik bir uygulama. Türkiye Bankalar Birliği”, Yayın No. 283, İstanbul.
Çevik, E. İ., ve Pekkaya, M. (2007). “Spot ve vadeli işlem fiyatlarının varyansları arasındaki nedensellik testi”, Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 22(2), 49-66.
Dickey, D. A., ve Fuller, W. A. (1979). “Distribution of the estimators for autoregressive time series with a unit root”, Journal of the American Statistical Association, 74, 366, 427-431. https://doi.org/10.2307/2286348
Engel, R. F. (1982). “Autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity with estimates of variance of United Kingdom inflation”, Econometrica, 50: 987–1007. https://doi.org/10.2307/1912773
Eraslan, M., & Koç, S. (2022). Pay Senedi Endeksleri ile Endeks Vadeli İşlemler Arasındaki Volatilite İlişkisi: Türkiye ve Dünya Örnekleri Arasında Karşılaştırmalı Analiz. Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 23(3), 655-671. https://doi.org/10.37880/cumuiibf.1084248
Ferreira, J. L. (2003). “Strategic interaction between futures and spot markets”.,Journal of Economic Theory, 108, 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-0531(02)00012-1
Floros, C. (2009). “Price discovery in the South African stock index futures market”, International Research Journal of Finance and Economics, 34, 148-159. https://doi.org/10.1080/10800379.2001.12106311
Garbade, K. D., ve Silber, W. L. (1983). “Price movements and price discovery in futures and cash markets”, The Review of Economics and Statistics, 65(2), 289-297. https://doi.org/10.2307/1924495
Gong, C. C., Ji, S. D., Su, L. L., Li, S. P. I., ve Ren, F. (2016). “The lead-lag relationship between stock index and stock index futures: A thermal optimal path method”, Physica A, 444, 63-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2015.10.028
Gürbüz, S., & Şahbaz, A. (2022). Investigating the volatility spillover effect between derivative markets and spot markets via the wavelets: The case of Borsa İstanbul. Borsa Istanbul Review, 22(2), 321-331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2021.05.006
Gök, İ. Y., ve Kalaycı, Ş. (2014). “BIST 30 spot ve futures piyasalarında gün içi fiyat keşfi ve volatilite yayılımı”, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 19(3), 109-133.
Göçmen Yağcılar, G. (2022). “Türkiye’de spot ve vadeli işlem piyasaları arasında bilgi etkinliği ve etkileşim: öncül-ardıl ilişkiler ve volatilite iletimi”, Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 18(2), 470-491. https://doi.org/10.17130/ijmeb.969177
Haroon, O., Ali, M., Khan, A., Khattak, M. A., ve Rizvi, S. A. R. (2021). “Financial market risks during the COVID-19 pandemic”, Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(8), 2407-2414. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1873765
Hildebrand, P. M. (2006). “Monetary policy and financial markets”, Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, 20, 7-18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11408-006-0004-8
Hu, Y. (2016). “Study on effects of CSI 300 stock index futures on Chinese stock market volatility”, In 2016 International Forum on Management, Education and Information Technology Application. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/ifmeita-16.2016.65
Hou, Y. G., & Li, S. (2020). Volatility and skewness spillover between stock index and stock index futures markets during a crash period: New evidence from China. International Review of Economics & Finance, 66, 166-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iref.2019.11.003
Iihara, Y., Kato, K. ve Tokunaga, T. (1996). “Intraday return dynamics between the cash and the futures markets in Japan”, The Journal of Futures Markets, 16(2), 147-162. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9934(199604)16:2<147::AID-FUT2>3.0.CO;2-K
İşeri, M., ve Kaçmazer, M. (2016). “2005-2015 yılları arasında BIST30 endeksi ve BIST30 endeks vadeli işlem sözleşmeleri arasındaki nedensellik (öncül-ardıl) ilişkisinin irdelenmesi”, Finans Politik ve Ekonomik Yorumlar, (615), 9-21.
İşeri, M., & Kaçmazer, M. (2017). 2011-2015 yılları arasında Bist 30 endeksi ve Bist 30 endeks vadeli işlem sözleşmeleri arasındaki volatilite ilişkisinin irdelenmesi. Marmara Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 39(1), 171-194. https://doi.org/10.14780/muiibd.329920
Jiang, T., Bao, S., ve Li, L. (2019). “The linear and nonlinear lead-lag relationship among three SSE 50 index markets: The index futures, 50ETF spot and options markets”, Physica A, 525, 878-893. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physa.2019.04.056
Kara E., Anbar A. ve Arabacı Ö. (2022). “BİST 30 vadeli işlem ve spot piyasaları arasında volatilite yayılımı ilişkisi: DCC GARCH analizi”, Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 20(43), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.35408/comuybd.827041
Kawaller I. G., Koch, P. D., ve Koch, T. W. (1987). “The temporal price relationship between SveP 500 futures and the SveP 500 index”, The Journal of Finance, 42(5), 1309-1329. https://doi.org/10.2307/2328529
Kavussanos, M. G., Visvikis, I. D. ve Alexakis, P. D. (2008). “The lead-lag relationship between cash and stock ındex futures in a new market”, European Financial Management, 14(5), 1007-1025. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-036X.2007.00412.x
Kaya, A. (2016). “Pay piyasasına dayalı vadeli işlem ve spot piyasalarının öncü gösterge olma özelliği Borsa İstanbul örneği”, BDDK Bankacılık ve Finansal Piyasalar, 10(1), 35-64.
Kayalıdere, K., Aracı, H., ve Aktaş, H. (2012). “Türev ve spot piyasalar arasındaki etkileşim: VOB üzerine bir inceleme”, Muhasebe ve Finansman Dergisi, Ekim, 137-154.
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Kutlu, M. (2025). SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(67), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464423
AMA
Kutlu M. SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. March 2025;(67):237-247. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1464423
Chicago
Kutlu, Melih. “SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 67 (March 2025): 237-47. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464423.
EndNote
Kutlu M (March 1, 2025) SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 67 237–247.
IEEE
M. Kutlu, “SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ”, PAUSBED, no. 67, pp. 237–247, March 2025, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1464423.
ISNAD
Kutlu, Melih. “SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 67 (March 2025), 237-247. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1464423.
JAMA
Kutlu M. SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2025;:237–247.
MLA
Kutlu, Melih. “SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 67, 2025, pp. 237-4, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1464423.
Vancouver
Kutlu M. SPOT VE VADELİ İŞLEM ENDEKSLERİNDE VOLATİLİTE ETKİLEŞİMİ: BİST 30 ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2025(67):237-4.