KÜRESEL SİYASETİ VE LİDERLİĞİ YENİDEN DÜŞÜNMEK: ULRICH BECK’İN RİSK TOPLUMU KARŞISINDA POSTMODERN POLİTİKALAR

Year 2021, , 405 - 418, 23.05.2021

Vahit Güntay

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.779156

Abstract

Ulrich Beck, 1992 yılındaki risk toplumu kavramsallaştırması ve “Risk Topluluğu” adlı kitabıyla, postmodern dönemin risklerle bezenmiş bir sosyal yapı doğurduğunu iddia etmektedir. Esas olarak güven sorunundan kaynaklanan bu durum, aslında modernizm tarafından hazırlanan bireycilik ve kapitalizmin sessiz sloganının olduğu bir toplum modeli sunar. Öte yandan, 20. yüzyılın ortalarından beri yaygın olarak tartışılan postmodernizmin tanımlarında da fikir birliği yoktur. Bu yönüyle postmodernizmin; küreselleşme, tüketim, devletçi düzeylerde merkezi anlayışın değişmesi, bilginin metalaştırılması ve yaşam biçimindeki deformasyon gibi durumlara karşılık geldiğini söyleyebiliriz. Beck'in belirttiği gibi, sosyal kontrol mekanizmalarındaki sınırlamalar, modernizmin eski güç formundan gelenlerle beslenmektedir. Her toplumda farklı ölçeklerde görülebilen bu değişim artık daha hissedilir hale gelmektedir. Küreselleşme ve hareketlilik, eğitim ve iş yaşamının karmaşıklığı, siber alemin erozyonu ve hukuk mekanizması gibi konular bu değişimin tartışıldığı alanlardan sadece birkaçıdır. Bu çalışma bağlamında Ulrich Beck'in konseptinden yola çıkılarak, postmodernizm ve küresel politika anlayışındaki değişimin uluslararası politikadaki sürekliliği sağlayıp sağlayamayacağı yönündeki çerçeve tartışılmıştır.

Keywords

Risk Toplumu, Modernizm, Postmodernizm, Politika, Küresel Politika

RETHINKING THE GLOBAL POLITICS AND LEADERSHIP: ULRICH BECK’S RISK SOCIETY VERSUS POSTMODERN POLITICS

Abstract

Ulrich Beck, with the conceptualization of risk society and the book of the name “Risk Society” in 1992, claims that the postmodern era gave birth to a social structure adorned with risks. This situation, which arises mainly from the problem of trust, actually presents a model of society in which the silent motto of individualism and capitalism prepared by modernity. On the other hand, there is no consensus in the definitions of postmodernism, which is widely discussed concept since the mid-20th century. However, postmodernism corresponds to situations such as globalization, consumption, change of centralist understanding in-state levels, the commodification of knowledge, and deformation in lifestyle. Social control mechanisms ant the limitations, as Beck stated, nurture this belonging from their former strength. This melting state, which can be observed at different scales in each society, becomes more visible with some developments. Globalization and mobility, the complexity of education and business life, the erosion of the cyber realm and the mechanism of law are just a few of the areas underlined in the present trial. In the context of this study, Ulrich Beck's concept will be compared with postmodernism and the question of whether the change in global policy understanding will ensure the continuity of international politics and relations.

Keywords

Risk Society, Modernism, Postmodernism, Politics, Global Politics

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