Research Article
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DETERMINING THE PSYCHOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF TARGET MARKETS IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY: THE CASE OF İSTANBUL

Year 2023, Issue: 57, 347 - 366, 18.07.2023

Zeynep Yamaç Erdoğan , Burhanettin Zengin

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1182826

Abstract

The aim of this study is to determine the psychographic characteristics of the target markets of the hotel businesses in Istanbul. Within the scope of the qualitative research, semi-structured interviews conducted, and the data obtained from the marketing managers of 41 five-star hotels using the case study method. The obtained data subjected to content analysis by means of the MAXQDA Analytics Pro v.18.2 qualitative data analysis program. According to the findings; it is determined that the majority of the tourists in Istanbul are from the Middle East at the time of the research is conducted, and the psychographic characteristics of tourists from the Middle East, Europe, America, Far East and Domestic Market (Türkiye) differed significantly from each other in various aspects. Middle East Market with its uncleanliness problem and high demanding level; Far East Market with their naive and timid nature; European and American Markets are similar to each other with their moderate/positive and extroverted features; The Domestic Market (Türkiye), on the other hand, is come to the forefront with its high expectation level and demanding feature.

Keywords

target market hotel businesses psychography tourism Istanbul

References

  • Agarwal, S. & Singh, P. (2021). Understanding psychographics in tourism: A tool for segmenting tourists. İçinde Future of tourism in Asia (ss. 201-212). Springer, Singapore.
  • Altınay Özdemir & Kızılırmak, İ. (2023). Tourism Activities' Role on Destination Choice and Post-Visiting Behavior: Evidence From Istanbul as A Cultural Destination. İçinde Tourist Behavior (ss. 295-321). Apple Academic Press.
  • Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., &Opresnik, M. O. (2017). Marketing, 13. Baskı, Pearson Prentice Hall, Essex.
  • Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Silverberg, K. E. (1999). “An investigation into the psychographics of senior nature-based travellers”, Tourism Recreation Research, 24(1), 13-22.
  • Bahar, O., & Kozak, M. (2012). Turizm Ekonomisi, 4. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Bilgin, Y. (2016). “Turizm Pazarlamasında Gelişen Paradigma: İşbirlikçi Pazarlama”, Turizm Paradigmaları, (Ed. Erkan Akgöz), s. 73-94, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Brayley, R. E. (1990). “An analysis of destination attractiveness and the use of psychographics and demographics in segmentation of the within-state tourism market”, Dissertation Abstracts International, Humanities and Social Sciences, 51(5).
  • Cabaguing, J. M., Lacaba, T. V. G., & Nicart, A. G. (2023). “Consumers Psychographic Intention and Purchasing Behavior: A Marketing Framework for Local Tourism Products”, International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(1), 188-198.
  • Çabuk, S., & Köksal Araç, S. (2013). “Psikografik bir pazar bölümlendirme değişkeni olarak cinsiyet kimliği: Tüketim araştırmalarında cinsiyet kimliği kavramının incelenmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(2), 27-40.
  • Cahill, D. J. (1997). “Target marketing and segmentation: valid and useful tools for marketing”, Management Decision, 35(1), 10-13.
  • Çetin, C. (2015). Meslek Yüksekokulları İçin Temel İşletmeciliğe Giriş (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H. C., & Marqua, J. J. (2016). Turizm: Konaklama ve Seyahat İşletmeciliği, (Çev. Ed.: Prof. Dr. Muharrem Tuna), Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ertürk, M. (2009). İşletme Biliminin Temel İlkeleri, 7. Baskı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ezeh P. C. (2017). “A critical review of market segmentation, target marketing and positioning in hospitality marketing”, Routledge handbook of hospitality marketing, (Ed. Dogan Gursoy), (pp. 55–64), Routledge, New York.
  • Feng, J. (2022). Market Segmentation in Tourism and Hotel Industry. In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (ss. 2241-2245). Atlantis Press.
  • Goryushkina, N. Y. , Shkurkin, D. V. , Petrenko, A. S. , Demin, S. Y., & Yarovaya, N. S. (2016). "Marketing Management in the Sphere of Hotel and Tourist Services", International Review of Management and Marketing 6(6), 207-213.
  • Grewal, D., & Levy, M. (2010). Marketing (Second Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  • Gunter, B., & Furnham A. (2015). Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics (Fifth Edition). New York: Routledge.
  • Gupta, K., & Mohta, S. (2022). Future of food tourism in India: a psychographic overview. In Event Tourism in Asian Countries (pp. 171-182). Apple Academic Press.
  • Gursoy, D., Malodia, S., & Dhir, A. (2022). “The metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry: An overview of current trends and future research directions”, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(5), 527-534.
  • Handler, I., & Kawaminami, J. (2022). “Why do Japanese people visit hot springs during a pandemic? A psychographic segmentation analysis”, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100530.
  • Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, S. F., Yu, T. Y., & Hu, D. C. (2022). “Marketing management in the hotel industry: a systematic literature review by using text mining”, Sustainability, 14(4), 2344.
  • Hsu, C. H., Kang, S. K., & Wolfe, K. (2002). “Psychographic and demographic profiles of niche market leisure travellers”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 26(1), 3-22.
  • Kontis, A.-P. & Skoultsos, S.(2022). “Digital evolution in tourism marketing channels: Greek tourism industry and Online Travel Agencies”, European Journal of Tourism Research, 30, 3004.
  • Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1996). Principles of Marketing (7th Edition.) Englewood Cliffs New-Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Kozak, N. (2006). Turizm Pazarlaması, 1. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Leung, X. Y., Bai, B., & Stahura, K. A. (2015). “The Marketing Effectiveness of Social Media in the Hotel Industry: A Comparison of Facebook and Twitter”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 39(2), 147–169.
  • Maria, U. M. C. (2017). Konsumen Ramah Lingkungan: Perilaku Konsumsi Hijau Civitas Academica Universitas Diponegoro. Undergraduate thesis, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
  • Matiza, T., Kruger, M., & Slabbert, E. (2022). Delineating the South African domestic tourist’s behaviour amid a crisis: A psychographic segmentation approach. The Retail and Marketing Review, 18(2), 1-17.
  • Merritt, R., Kline, C., Crawford, A., Viren, P. P., & Dilworth, G. (2016). “An exploration of recreational activities while travelling relative to psychographic tendencies”, Tourism Recreation Research, 41(3), 302-313.
  • Mohapatra, J. D., & Dash, A. K. (2023). “The Portrayal of Social Media Marketing in the Luxury Tourism Industry: A Review of the Literature and a Preliminary Analysis”, IMIB Journal of Innovation and Management 1(1), 65-81.
  • Moschis, G. P. (1992). “Gerontographics: A scientific approach to analyzing and targeting the mature market”, Journal of Services Marketing 6(3), 17-26.
  • Mucuk, İ. (2009). Pazarlama İlkeleri (On Yedinci Basım). İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  • Muller, T. E. (1991). “Using personal values to define segments in an international tourism market”, International Marketing Review, 8(1), 57-70.
  • Narula Soni, G., Kaushik, T., & Hussain, S. (2022). “Demographic or Psychographic Hotel Segmentation? The Emerging Market of Domestic Women Business Travellers”, Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 17(2), 01 - 33.
  • Olorunsola, V. O., Saydam, M. B., Lasisi, T. T., & Eluwole, K. K. (2023). “Customer experience management in capsule hotels: a content analysis of guest online review”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, (ahead-of-print).
  • Ozanne, J. L., Davis, B., & Ekpo, A. E. (2022). “Research pathways for societal impact: a typology of relational engagements for consumer psychology research”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(1), 127-144.
  • Pesonen, J.A. (2012). “Segmentation of rural tourists: combining push and pull motivations”, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), 69-82.
  • Quach, X., & Lee, S. H. M. (2021). “Profiling gifters via a psychographic segmentation analysis: insights for retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management”, 49(10), 1391-1410.
  • Sainjargal, B., Davaasuren, B., & Otgonsuren, Y. (2022). “Psychographic segmentation of saving market”, The International Journal of Business & Management, 10(2) 246-257.
  • Şanlıöz-Özgen, H. K., & Kozak, M. (2022). Positioning five-star hotels in city destinations: The case of Istanbul, Turkey. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 23(2), 239-253.
  • Schewe, C. D., & Calantone, R. J. (1978). “Psychographic segmentation of tourists”, Journal of Travel Research, 16(3), 14-20.
  • Stylidis, D., Kokho Sit, J., & Biran, A. (2018). Residents’ place image: a meaningful psychographic variable for tourism segmentation?, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(6), 715-725.
  • Suhud, U., Handaru, A. W., Allan, M., & Wiratama, B. (2021). The role of psychographic factors in predicting volunteer tourists’ stage of readiness: A case of Australia. In Promoting Creative Tourism: Current Issues in Tourism Research (ss. 216-222). Routledge.
  • Tankuş, E., Bulut, Y., & Durmaz, C. (2018). “Konaklama işletmelerinde segmentasyon stratejileri: Samsun ilindeki 5 yıldızlı otel uygulaması”, Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3(1), 50-64.
  • Tekeli, H. (2001). Turizm Pazarlaması ve Planlaması, 1. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Uğurlu, K. (2011). “Kârlı ve sürdürülebilir büyümede pazar bölümlendirmesinin rolü: Konaklama sektörü üzerine bir çalışma”, Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 155-165.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd Edition) Applied Social Research Methods, Vol. 5, Sage Publications, London.
  • Zhu, H., Guan, H., Han, Y., & Li, W. (2019). “A study of tourists’ holiday rush-hour avoidance travel behavior considering psychographic segmentation”, Sustainability, 11(13), 3755.

TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2023, Issue: 57, 347 - 366, 18.07.2023

Zeynep Yamaç Erdoğan , Burhanettin Zengin

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1182826

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı; İstanbul’da yer alan otel işletmelerinin hedef pazarlarının psikografik özelliklerine yönelik tespitte bulunmaktır. Nitel araştırma kapsamında vaka çalışması yöntemi kullanılarak 41 tane beş yıldızlı otelin pazarlama yöneticisiyle görüşülerek yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlar gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler MAXQDA Analytics Pro v.18.2 nitel veri analizi programı vasıtasıyla içerik analizine tâbi tutulmuştur. Elde edilen bulgulara göre; araştırmanın yapıldığı dönemde İstanbul’da bulunan turistlerin büyük çoğunluğunun Ortadoğulu turistlerden oluştuğu ve Ortadoğu, Avrupa, Amerika, Uzakdoğu ve İç Pazar (Türkiye)’dan gelen turistlerin psikografik özelliklerinin çeşitli yönlerden birbiri ile önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Ortadoğu Pazarı temizlik sorunu ve yüksek talepkârlık seviyesiyle; Uzakdoğu Pazarı naif ve çekingen özelliğiyle; Avrupa ve Amerika Pazarı birbirine benzer yapıda ılımlı/pozitif ve dışa dönük özelliğiyle; İç Pazar (Türkiye) ise beklenti düzeyi yüksek, talepkâr özelliği ile ön plana çıkmıştır.

Keywords

Hedef pazar otel işletmeleri psikografi turizm İstanbul

References

  • Agarwal, S. & Singh, P. (2021). Understanding psychographics in tourism: A tool for segmenting tourists. İçinde Future of tourism in Asia (ss. 201-212). Springer, Singapore.
  • Altınay Özdemir & Kızılırmak, İ. (2023). Tourism Activities' Role on Destination Choice and Post-Visiting Behavior: Evidence From Istanbul as A Cultural Destination. İçinde Tourist Behavior (ss. 295-321). Apple Academic Press.
  • Armstrong, G., Kotler, P., &Opresnik, M. O. (2017). Marketing, 13. Baskı, Pearson Prentice Hall, Essex.
  • Backman, K. F., Backman, S. J., & Silverberg, K. E. (1999). “An investigation into the psychographics of senior nature-based travellers”, Tourism Recreation Research, 24(1), 13-22.
  • Bahar, O., & Kozak, M. (2012). Turizm Ekonomisi, 4. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Bilgin, Y. (2016). “Turizm Pazarlamasında Gelişen Paradigma: İşbirlikçi Pazarlama”, Turizm Paradigmaları, (Ed. Erkan Akgöz), s. 73-94, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Brayley, R. E. (1990). “An analysis of destination attractiveness and the use of psychographics and demographics in segmentation of the within-state tourism market”, Dissertation Abstracts International, Humanities and Social Sciences, 51(5).
  • Cabaguing, J. M., Lacaba, T. V. G., & Nicart, A. G. (2023). “Consumers Psychographic Intention and Purchasing Behavior: A Marketing Framework for Local Tourism Products”, International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 4(1), 188-198.
  • Çabuk, S., & Köksal Araç, S. (2013). “Psikografik bir pazar bölümlendirme değişkeni olarak cinsiyet kimliği: Tüketim araştırmalarında cinsiyet kimliği kavramının incelenmesi”, Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 22(2), 27-40.
  • Cahill, D. J. (1997). “Target marketing and segmentation: valid and useful tools for marketing”, Management Decision, 35(1), 10-13.
  • Çetin, C. (2015). Meslek Yüksekokulları İçin Temel İşletmeciliğe Giriş (2. Baskı). İstanbul: Beta Yayınları.
  • Cook, R. A., Hsu, C. H. C., & Marqua, J. J. (2016). Turizm: Konaklama ve Seyahat İşletmeciliği, (Çev. Ed.: Prof. Dr. Muharrem Tuna), Nobel Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Ertürk, M. (2009). İşletme Biliminin Temel İlkeleri, 7. Baskı, Beta Yayınları, İstanbul.
  • Ezeh P. C. (2017). “A critical review of market segmentation, target marketing and positioning in hospitality marketing”, Routledge handbook of hospitality marketing, (Ed. Dogan Gursoy), (pp. 55–64), Routledge, New York.
  • Feng, J. (2022). Market Segmentation in Tourism and Hotel Industry. In 2022 7th International Conference on Financial Innovation and Economic Development (ICFIED 2022) (ss. 2241-2245). Atlantis Press.
  • Goryushkina, N. Y. , Shkurkin, D. V. , Petrenko, A. S. , Demin, S. Y., & Yarovaya, N. S. (2016). "Marketing Management in the Sphere of Hotel and Tourist Services", International Review of Management and Marketing 6(6), 207-213.
  • Grewal, D., & Levy, M. (2010). Marketing (Second Edition). New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin.
  • Gunter, B., & Furnham A. (2015). Consumer Profiles (RLE Consumer Behaviour): An Introduction to Psychographics (Fifth Edition). New York: Routledge.
  • Gupta, K., & Mohta, S. (2022). Future of food tourism in India: a psychographic overview. In Event Tourism in Asian Countries (pp. 171-182). Apple Academic Press.
  • Gursoy, D., Malodia, S., & Dhir, A. (2022). “The metaverse in the hospitality and tourism industry: An overview of current trends and future research directions”, Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 31(5), 527-534.
  • Handler, I., & Kawaminami, J. (2022). “Why do Japanese people visit hot springs during a pandemic? A psychographic segmentation analysis”, Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism, 100530.
  • Horng, J. S., Liu, C. H., Chou, S. F., Yu, T. Y., & Hu, D. C. (2022). “Marketing management in the hotel industry: a systematic literature review by using text mining”, Sustainability, 14(4), 2344.
  • Hsu, C. H., Kang, S. K., & Wolfe, K. (2002). “Psychographic and demographic profiles of niche market leisure travellers”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 26(1), 3-22.
  • Kontis, A.-P. & Skoultsos, S.(2022). “Digital evolution in tourism marketing channels: Greek tourism industry and Online Travel Agencies”, European Journal of Tourism Research, 30, 3004.
  • Kotler, P., & Armstrong, G. (1996). Principles of Marketing (7th Edition.) Englewood Cliffs New-Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
  • Kozak, N. (2006). Turizm Pazarlaması, 1. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Leung, X. Y., Bai, B., & Stahura, K. A. (2015). “The Marketing Effectiveness of Social Media in the Hotel Industry: A Comparison of Facebook and Twitter”, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 39(2), 147–169.
  • Maria, U. M. C. (2017). Konsumen Ramah Lingkungan: Perilaku Konsumsi Hijau Civitas Academica Universitas Diponegoro. Undergraduate thesis, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences.
  • Matiza, T., Kruger, M., & Slabbert, E. (2022). Delineating the South African domestic tourist’s behaviour amid a crisis: A psychographic segmentation approach. The Retail and Marketing Review, 18(2), 1-17.
  • Merritt, R., Kline, C., Crawford, A., Viren, P. P., & Dilworth, G. (2016). “An exploration of recreational activities while travelling relative to psychographic tendencies”, Tourism Recreation Research, 41(3), 302-313.
  • Mohapatra, J. D., & Dash, A. K. (2023). “The Portrayal of Social Media Marketing in the Luxury Tourism Industry: A Review of the Literature and a Preliminary Analysis”, IMIB Journal of Innovation and Management 1(1), 65-81.
  • Moschis, G. P. (1992). “Gerontographics: A scientific approach to analyzing and targeting the mature market”, Journal of Services Marketing 6(3), 17-26.
  • Mucuk, İ. (2009). Pazarlama İlkeleri (On Yedinci Basım). İstanbul: Türkmen Kitabevi.
  • Muller, T. E. (1991). “Using personal values to define segments in an international tourism market”, International Marketing Review, 8(1), 57-70.
  • Narula Soni, G., Kaushik, T., & Hussain, S. (2022). “Demographic or Psychographic Hotel Segmentation? The Emerging Market of Domestic Women Business Travellers”, Atna Journal of Tourism Studies, 17(2), 01 - 33.
  • Olorunsola, V. O., Saydam, M. B., Lasisi, T. T., & Eluwole, K. K. (2023). “Customer experience management in capsule hotels: a content analysis of guest online review”, Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, (ahead-of-print).
  • Ozanne, J. L., Davis, B., & Ekpo, A. E. (2022). “Research pathways for societal impact: a typology of relational engagements for consumer psychology research”, Journal of Consumer Psychology, 32(1), 127-144.
  • Pesonen, J.A. (2012). “Segmentation of rural tourists: combining push and pull motivations”, Tourism and Hospitality Management, 18(1), 69-82.
  • Quach, X., & Lee, S. H. M. (2021). “Profiling gifters via a psychographic segmentation analysis: insights for retailers. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management”, 49(10), 1391-1410.
  • Sainjargal, B., Davaasuren, B., & Otgonsuren, Y. (2022). “Psychographic segmentation of saving market”, The International Journal of Business & Management, 10(2) 246-257.
  • Şanlıöz-Özgen, H. K., & Kozak, M. (2022). Positioning five-star hotels in city destinations: The case of Istanbul, Turkey. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 23(2), 239-253.
  • Schewe, C. D., & Calantone, R. J. (1978). “Psychographic segmentation of tourists”, Journal of Travel Research, 16(3), 14-20.
  • Stylidis, D., Kokho Sit, J., & Biran, A. (2018). Residents’ place image: a meaningful psychographic variable for tourism segmentation?, Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing, 35(6), 715-725.
  • Suhud, U., Handaru, A. W., Allan, M., & Wiratama, B. (2021). The role of psychographic factors in predicting volunteer tourists’ stage of readiness: A case of Australia. In Promoting Creative Tourism: Current Issues in Tourism Research (ss. 216-222). Routledge.
  • Tankuş, E., Bulut, Y., & Durmaz, C. (2018). “Konaklama işletmelerinde segmentasyon stratejileri: Samsun ilindeki 5 yıldızlı otel uygulaması”, Turkish Journal of Marketing, 3(1), 50-64.
  • Tekeli, H. (2001). Turizm Pazarlaması ve Planlaması, 1. Baskı, Detay Yayıncılık, Ankara.
  • Uğurlu, K. (2011). “Kârlı ve sürdürülebilir büyümede pazar bölümlendirmesinin rolü: Konaklama sektörü üzerine bir çalışma”, Organizasyon ve Yönetim Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 155-165.
  • Yin, R. K. (2003). Case study research: Design and methods (3rd Edition) Applied Social Research Methods, Vol. 5, Sage Publications, London.
  • Zhu, H., Guan, H., Han, Y., & Li, W. (2019). “A study of tourists’ holiday rush-hour avoidance travel behavior considering psychographic segmentation”, Sustainability, 11(13), 3755.
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Tourism (Other)
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Zeynep Yamaç Erdoğan 0000-0002-7677-8738

Burhanettin Zengin 0000-0002-6368-0969

Early Pub Date July 5, 2023
Publication Date July 18, 2023
Acceptance Date May 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Issue: 57

Cite

APA Yamaç Erdoğan, Z., & Zengin, B. (2023). TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(57), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1182826
AMA Yamaç Erdoğan Z, Zengin B. TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. July 2023;(57):347-366. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1182826
Chicago Yamaç Erdoğan, Zeynep, and Burhanettin Zengin. “TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 57 (July 2023): 347-66. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1182826.
EndNote Yamaç Erdoğan Z, Zengin B (July 1, 2023) TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 57 347–366.
IEEE Z. Yamaç Erdoğan and B. Zengin, “TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ”, PAUSBED, no. 57, pp. 347–366, July 2023, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1182826.
ISNAD Yamaç Erdoğan, Zeynep - Zengin, Burhanettin. “TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 57 (July 2023), 347-366. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1182826.
JAMA Yamaç Erdoğan Z, Zengin B. TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2023;:347–366.
MLA Yamaç Erdoğan, Zeynep and Burhanettin Zengin. “TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 57, 2023, pp. 347-66, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1182826.
Vancouver Yamaç Erdoğan Z, Zengin B. TURİZM ENDÜSTRİSİNDE HEDEF PAZARLARIN PSİKOGRAFİK ÖZELLİKLERİNİN TESPİTİ: İSTANBUL ÖRNEĞİ. PAUSBED. 2023(57):347-66.
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