2021 AĞIR VASITA SÜRÜCÜSÜ AÇIĞI KRİZİ: BREXİT SONRASI BİR SEMPTOM MU YOKSA DEĞİL Mİ?

Year 2024, Issue: 61, 1 - 16, 22.03.2024

Ayçe Sepli

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1413886

Abstract

Birleşik Krallık’ta etkileri uzun yıllardır hissedilen ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığı 2021 yılına gelindiğinde akut bir hal alarak krize dönüşmüştür. Birleşik Krallık hükümeti söz konusu krizle mücadele noktasında çeşitli politikalar uygulamaya koymuştur; ancak güncel veriler ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığının halen devam ettiğini göstermektedir. Bu çalışma, Birleşik Krallık’ta 2021 yılında kriz ortamı yaratan ve etkileri halen hissedilen ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığının nedenlerine odaklanmaktadır. Çalışmanın temel araştırma sorusu, 2021 yılında zirve noktasına ulaşan ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığının Brexit’in yarattığı bir semptom olup olmadığıdır. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen iki temel bulgu vardır. İlk bulgu, ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığının çok yönlü ve çok boyutlu olduğudur. Bu bakımdan Brexit, kriz boyutuna ulaşan bu açığın tek başına sorumlusu değildir. İkinci bulgu ise, Brexit’in ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığının krize dönüşmesinde diğer faktörlerin etkisini arttırıcı bir işlev gördüğü ve esasında etkileri küresel çapta da hissedilen sürücü açığının Birleşik Krallık’ta daha derinden hissedilmesine neden olduğudur.

Keywords

Ağır vasıta sürücüsü krizi, Ağır vasıta sürücüsü açığı, Birleşik Krallık, Göç, Brexit

2021 HEAVY GOODS VEHICLE DRIVER SHORTAGE CRISIS: A POST-BREXIT SYMPTOM OR NOT?

Abstract

The shortage of heavy goods vehicle (HGV) driver in the United Kingdom (UK) has become acute and turned into a real crisis in 2021 although it has been observed for many years. The UK government has implemented various policies to tackle this crisis; but recent data demonstrates that the shortage of HGV driver has still continued to exist. This study focuses on the reasons behind 2021 HGV driver shortage crisis. The main research question of the study is whether the HGV driver shortage crisis, which reached its peak in 2021, is a post-Brexit symptom or not. This study has two main findings. The first finding indicates that the shortage of HGV drivers is multifaceted and multidimensional. Therefore, Brexit is not the only culprit for this crisis-level shortage. The second finding accordingly reveals that Brexit has exacerbated the impact of other factors on the driver shortage crisis and caused this crisis to be experienced more strongly in the UK.

Keywords

Heavy goods vehicle driver shortage, Heavy goods vehicle driver crisis, the United Kingdom, Brexit, Migration

References

• Arnold, M. ve Vladkov, A. (2021). Europe’s trucker shortage becoming ‘extremely dangerous’, Financial Times. Elde edilme tarihi: 11 Aralık 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/e8ca2a08-308c-4324-8ed2-d788b074aa6c?signupConfirmation=success
• BBC (2020, 24 Aralık). Kent lorry chaos: Truckers warned of Christmas in their cabs, Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Aralık 2023, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-kent-55434966
• BBC (2021a, 5 Ekim). Petrol shortage: Is the fuel crisis improving, Elde edilme tarihi: 7 Ekim 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/explainers-58709456
• BBC (2021b, 2 Ekim). Fuel crisis: Boris Johnson urged to recall Parliament, Elde edilme tarihi: 7 Ekim 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-58767330
• BBC (2021c, 5 Ekim). Fuel stocks in South and London behind rest of UK, Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Kasım 2023, https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58800848
• BBC (2021d, 15 Ekim). How serious is the shortage of lorry drivers?, Elde edilme tarihi: 15 Aralık 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/57810729
• Becker, S. O.; Fetzer, T. ve Novy, D. (2017). “Who Voted For Brexit? A Comprehensive District-Level Analysis”, Centre For Economic Performance Discussion Paper, No 1480, 1-62.
• Butler, S. (2021, 28 Haziran). Lorry driver shortage: UK government and retailers in emergency talks, The Guardian, Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Kasım 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/jun/28/lorry-driver-shortage-uk-government-and-retailers-in-emergency-talks-covid-brexit
• Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport [CILT] (2022). CILT Driver Shortage Crisis 2022 Report, Bus Mark & Log Mark.
• Cuibus, M. V. (2023). EU Migration to and from the UK, the migratipn observatory. (20.11.2023), Elde edilme tarihi: 28 Kasım 2023, https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/eu-migration-to-and-from-the-uk/
• De Haas, H.; Castles, S. ve Miller, M.J. (2020). The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, 6. Baskı, Macmillan: Basingstoke.
• Dempsey, H. ve Plimmer, G. (2021). Maersk diverts big cargo ships from UK as Felixstowe fills up, Financial Times, Elde edilme tarihi: 11 Aralık 2023, https://www.ft.com/content/6eccab48-eaf2-4f67-ac0e-0005e7e21ef6
• Dennison, J. ve Geddes, A. (2018). “Brexit and the Perils of ‘Europeanised’ Migration”, Journal of European Public Policy, 25/ 8, 1-17.
• Department for Business, Energy and Industiral Strategy (2021). Statistical data set: Weekly road fuel prices (CSV). (05.10.2021), Elde edime tarihi: 6 Ekim 2021, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1023090/CSV_041021.csv/preview
• Goodwin, M. J. ve Heath, O. (2016). “The 2016 Referendum, Brexit and the Left Behind: An Aggregate-Level Analysis of the Result”, The Political Quarterly, 1-10.
• GOV.UK (t.y.). Find training to become a heavy goods vehicle (HGV) driver, Elde edilme tarihi: 7 Aralık 2023, https://www.gov.uk/training-hgv
• GOV.UK, (2021a). Skilled Worker visa, Elde edilme tarihi: 8 Ekim 2021, https://www.gov.uk/skilled-worker-visa
• GOV.UK (2021b). Recruit a poultry worker or HGV food driver with a temporary visa. (07.10.2023). Elde edilme tarihi: 8 Ekim 2021, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/recruit-a-poultry-worker-or-hgv-food-driver-with-a-temporary-visa
• GOV.UK (2021c). HGV driver shortage: employment opportunities. (25.09.2021). Elde edilme tarihi: 22 Aralık 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hgv-driver-shortage-employment-opportunities
• GOV.UK (2022). £20 million to improve roadside facilities for HGV drivers. (13.04.2022). Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Aralık 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/news/20-million-to-improve-roadside-facilities-for-hgv-drivers
• GOV.UK (2023) UK government action to reduce the HGV driver shortage, Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Aralık 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/hgv-driver-shortage-uk-government-response/about
• Gürsoy, Y. (2019). “Brexit: Türkiye-Birleşik Krallık-AB İlişkilerinde Siyasi ve Ekonomik Riskler ve Fırsatlar”, Dış Ekonomik İlişkiler Kurulu, İstanbul.
• Harvey, D. (2021, 2 Temmuz). Brexit and Covid cause big jump in pay for lorry drivers, BBC, Elde etme tarihi: 3 Ekim 2021, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-somerset-57656327
• Home Office (2020). Media factsheet: EU Settlement Scheme, GOV.UK. (02.07.2020). Elde etme tarihi: 3 Aralık 2023, https://homeofficemedia.blog.gov.uk/2020/07/02/media-factsheet-eu-settlement-scheme/
• Home Office (2021). Concession for temporary leave to allow employment as HGV fuel drivers, GOV.UK. (2 Ekim 2021). Elde etme tarihi: 6 Ekim 2021, https://www.gov.uk/guidance/concession-for-temporary-leave-to-allow-employment-as-hgv-fuel-drivers
• Hopkin, J. (2017). “When Polanyi Met Farage: Market Fundamentalism, Economic Nationalism, And Britain’s Exit From The European Union”, The British Journal Of Politics And International Relations, Special Issue Article, 1–14.
• House of Commons Transport Committee (2016). Skills and workforce planning in the road haulage sector: Fourth Report of Session 2016–17. (29.07.2016). Elde etme tarihi: 11 Aralık 2023, https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm201617/cmselect/cmtrans/68/68.pdf
• International Road Transport Union [IRU] (2022). Global driver shortages: 2022 year in review. (22.12.2022). Elde etme tarihi, 9 Aralık 2023, https://www.iru.org/news-resources/newsroom/global-driver-shortages-2022-year-review
• IRU (2023). Global truck driver shortage to double by 2028, says new IRU report. (20.11.2023). Elde etme tarihi: 10 Aralık 2023, https://www.iru.org/news-resources/newsroom/global-truck-driver-shortage-double-2028-says-new-iru-report
• Jones, A. (2007). Britain and the European Union, 1. Baskı, Edinburgh Üniversitesi Yayınları, Edinburg, eBook Academic Collection (EBSCOhost). Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Temmuz 2018, http://eds.b.ebscohost.com/eds/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzE5NDE1NF9fQU41?sid=60af5d6b-e901-47d5-a09c-e4de1fee57c0@sessionmgr101&vid=3&format=EB&rid=1
• Logistic UK (2022). HGV driver shortage persists but recruitment initiatives starting to bear fruit, says Logistics UK. (18.05.2022). Elde edilme tarihi: 12 Kasım 2023, https://logistics.org.uk/media/press-releases/2022/may/hgv-driver-shortage-persists-but-recruitment-initi
• Mercer, D. (2021, 11 Ekim). Fuel supply crisis: Why is there an HGV driver shortage and how bad could the problem get?, Sky News, Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Aralık 2023, https://news.sky.com/story/supply-crisis-why-is-there-a-hgv-driver-shortage-and-how-bad-could-the-problem-get-12417317#:~:text=There%20has%20also%20been%20a,in%202020%20than%20in%202019.
• Office for National Statistics [ONS] (2020). Dataset: Provisional long-term international migration estimates. (27.08.2020). Elde edilme tarihi: 8 Ekim 2021, https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/populationandmigration/internationalmigration/datasets/migrationstatisticsquarterlyreportprovisionallongterminternationalmigrationltimestimates
• ONS (2022). HGV drivers by nationality and 10 year age group. (27.09.2022). Elde edilme tarihi: 28 Kasım 2023, https://www.ons.gov.uk/employmentandlabourmarket/peopleinwork/employmentandemployeetypes/adhocs/14398hgvdriversbynationalityand10yearagegroup
• Owen, R; Pullerits, M.; Link, S.; Vanson, T. ve Davies, M. (2023). HGV driver recruitment and retention rapid evidence assessment, National Centre for Social Research, GOV.UK, (23.05.2023). Elde edilme tarihi: 11 Aralık 2023, https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/hgv-driver-recruitment-and-retention-rapid-evidence-assessment
• Partington, R. ve Partridge, J. (2021a, 24 Ağustos). UK plunges towards supply chain crisis due to staff and transport disruption, The Guardian, Elde edilme tarihi: 3 Ekim 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/aug/24/uk-retailers-stock-supply-shortages-covid-pingdemic
• Partington, R. ve Partridge, J. (2021b, 24 Eylül). BP closes some petrol stations amid HGV driver shortage, The Guardian, Elde edilme tarihi: 3 Ekim 2021, https://www.theguardian.com/business/2021/sep/23/bp-rations-petrol-and-diesel-deliveries-to-its-service-stations
• Race, M. (2021, 21 Temmuz). Race, BP: Lorry driver shortages closing some sites temporarily, BBC, Elde edilme tarihi: 28 Kasım 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-57912922
• Recruitment and Employment Confederation [REC] (2022). HGV Driver Shortage – The Causes, the Facts and the Potential Solutions. (01.02.2022). Elde edilme tarihi: 28 Kasım 2023, https://www.rec.uk.com/our-view/news/news-our-business-partners/hgv-driver-shortage-causes-facts-and-potential-solutions
• Road Haulage Association [RHA] (2021). RHA letter to prime minister. (23.06.2021). Elde edilme tarihi: 3 Ekim 2021, https://www.rha.uk.net/Portals/0/News/Policy%20and%20Campaigning/Policy%20and%20Campaigning%20Documents/RHA%20letter%20to%20Prime%20Minister%20230621.pdf?ver=2021-06-23-163949-737 (03.10.2021).
• Russon, M-A. ve Jones, L. (2021, 3 Eylül). Councils hit by bin collection delays due to driver shortage, BBC, Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Kasım 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-58424343
• Smith, K. (2023). HGV Driver Shortage Crisis: Another Crisis on the Horizon?, Driver Require. (Ağustos 2023). Elde edilme tarihi: 7 Aralık 2023, https://driverrequire.co.uk/resources/bulletin-the-hgv-driver-shortage-crisis-another-crisis-on-the-horizon
• Sumption, M.; Walsh, P.W. ve Brindle, B. (2023). Net migration to the UK, The Migration Observatory. (09.08.2023). Elde edilme tarihi: 28 Kasım 2023, https://migrationobservatory.ox.ac.uk/resources/briefings/long-term-international-migration-flows-to-and-from-the-uk /
• Swales, K. (2016), “Understanding the Leave Vote”, National Centre for Social Research, Elde edilme tarihi: 17 Mayıs 2019, https://natcen.ac.uk/our-research/research/understanding-the-leave-vote/
• Talent in Logistics (2021). The Drivers For Drivers; Which Incentives and Benefits Really Matter?, Elde edilme tarihi: 11 Aralık 2023, https://www.talentinlogistics.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/TIL_LGV-Driver-Incentives-Benefits-Survey-Findings.pdf
• Talmazan, Y. (2019, 31 Aralık). E.U. nationals face 'humiliation' of applying to stay in the U.K. post-Brexit, NBC News, Elde edilme tarihi: 3 Aralık 2023, https://www.nbcnews.com/news/world/e-u-nationals-face-humiliation-applying-stay-u-k-post-n1108541
• The Electoral Commission (2016). Report on the 23 june 2016 referendum on the UK’s membership of the European Union. (Eylül 2016). Elde edilme tarihi: 9 Nisan 2021, https://www.electoralcommission.org.uk/who-we-are-and-what-we-do/elections-and-referendums/past-elections-and-referendums/eu-referendum/report-23-june-2016-referendum-uks-membership-european-union
• Therrien, A. (2021, 26 Eylül). Hauliers and poultry workers to get temporary visas, Elde edilme tarihi: 1 Aralık 2023, https://www.bbc.com/news/business-58694004
• World Health Organisation (2020). WHO Director-General’s opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19- 11 March 2020. (11.03.2020). Elde edilme tarihi: 23 Ocak 2022, https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
• Vasilopoulou, S. (2016). “UK Euroscepticsm and the Brexit Referandum”, The Political Quarterly, 87/2, 219-227.
• Vasilopoulou, S. (2017). “Theory, Concepts and Research Design in the Study of Euroscepticism”, The Routledge Handbook of Euroscepticism, (Ed: Benjamin Leruth vd.), 1 Baskı, eBook ISBN: 9781315464015, Elde edilme tarihi: 27 Ocak 2020, https://www.routledgehandbooks.com/doi/10.4324/9781315464015.ch3