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ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS

Year 2024, Issue: 2024, 183 - 194

Muammer Yaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542527

Abstract

Noise, the effects of which are revealed later in the occupational health, causes many problems for workers. This paper aims to analyze the results of exposure measurements in a textile factory and to provide a holistic assessment of the noise sensitivity and annoyance. In the case study, noise exposure levels in a textile factory were measured according to ISO 9612:2009. Additionally, a face-to-face structured noise annoyance questionnaire and the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale (WNSS) were applied to workers. The findings were analyzed and evaluated with statistical methods. High levels of noise exposure were measured in the spinning and weaving units of the case study, with levels of 88,5 - 92,3 dBA. Workers identified fibers and powders (67,1%) and noise (58,9%) as crucial parameters affecting indoor comfort levels. A positive and significant relationship was also found between the WNSS Total Score and the noise annoyance levels of the workers (p<0,05). It has been determined that there are high levels of indoor noise in textile factories, which are a representation of working environments. In conclusion, it is necessary to increase noise awareness among workers and to reduce indoor noise level through effective engineering and administrative control precautions.

Keywords

Noise annoyance Noise sensitivity Industrial noise Occupational noise exposure Textile factory

References

  • Abbasi, M., Yazdanirad, S., Habibi, P., Arabi, S., Fallah Madvari, R., Mehri, A., Poursadeghiyan, M., Ebrahimi, M.H., and Ghaljahi, M. (2019). Relationship among noise exposure, sensitivity, and noise annoyance with job satisfaction and job stress in a textile industry. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 50(6), 195-201.
  • Abbasi, M., Yazdanirad, S., Mehri, A., Fallah Madvari, R., Alizadeh, A., Ghaljahi, M., and Falahati, M. (2020). Noise exposure and job stress - a structural equation model in textile industries. Archives of Acoustics, 45(4), 601-611.
  • Abraham, Z., Massawe, E., Ntunaguzi, D., Kahinga, A., and Mawala, S. (2019). Prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among textile industry workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Annals of Global Health, 85(1), 1-6.
  • Albayrak, S., Özdemir, M., and Yağcı, M. (2023). Evaluation of noise levels in flour factories in terms of occupational health and safety. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 155-161.
  • Atmaca, E., Peker, I., and Altın. A. (2005). Industrial noise and its effects on humans. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14(6), 721-726.
  • Baudin, C., Lefevre, M., Babisch, W., Cadum, E., Champelovier, P., Dimakopoulou, K., Houthuijs, D., Lambert, J., Laumon, B., Pershagen, G., Stansfeld, S., Velonaki, V., Hansell, A., and Evrard, A.S. (2021). The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and hypertension risk: Results of a pooled analysis from seven European countries. Environmental Research, 191, 110179.
  • Bolaji, B.O., Olanipekun, M.U., Adekunle, A.A., and Adeleke, A.E. (2018). An analysis of noise and its environmental burden on the example of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 1800-1806.
  • Bottalica, P. (2018). Lombard effect, ambient noise, and willingness to spend time and money in a restaurant. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(3), 209-214.
  • Brumm, H., and Zollinger, S.A. (2011). The evolution of the Lombard effect: 100 years of psychoacoustic research. Behaviour, 18, 1173-1198.
  • Chen, H., Hou, C., Zhang, L., and Li, S. (2020). Comparative study on the strands of research on the governance model of international occupational safety and health issues. Safety Science, 122, 104513.
  • Chong, D., Chen, L., Peng, Y., and Yu, A. (2022). Occupational noise-related perception and personal protection behavior among Chinese construction workers. Safety Science, 147, 105629.
  • Correia, A., Lopes, M., and Almeida, M.F. (2017). Characterization of noise in different industrial workstations. International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2017, (ICCMSE-2017), Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Di, G., Yao, Y., Chen, C., Lin, Q., and Li, Z. (2022). An experiment study on the identification of noise sensitive individuals and the influence of noise sensitivity on perceived annoyance. Applied Acoustics, 185, 108394.
  • Duran, Z., Genç, M., Doğan, T., and Erdem, B. (2020). Evaluation of noise emission in a textile plant. Naturengs, 1(1), 53-63.
  • Ege, F., Sümer, S.K., and Sabancı, A. (2003). Tekstil fabrikalarında gürültü düzeyi ve etkileri. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi, 30-39.
  • Ekehammar, B., and Dornic, S. (1990). Weinstein’s Noise Sensitivity Scale: Reliability and construct validity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 129-130.
  • Ersoy Z., Barışık T., and Petridis G. (2022). Tekstil sektöründe çalışanların toz ve gürültü maruziyetlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yeni Yüzyıl Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(1), 49-58. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education Limited, Upper Saddle River. Hill, E.M. (2012). Noise sensitivity and diminished health: The role of stress-related factors. Auckland University of Technology Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Auckland, New Zealand, 64-80. ISO 9921, (2004). Ergonomics - Assessment of speech communication, International Organization for Standardization. Keskin Yıldız, M., Kemaloğlu, Y.K., Tuaç, Y., Mengü, G., Karamert, R., and Gökdoğan, Ç. (2020). Validating the Turkish version of the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale: Effects of age, sex, and education level. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 894-901.
  • Koradecka, D. (2010). Handbook of occupational safety and health, human factors and ergonomics. (First Edition). CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Maschke, C., and Niemann, H. (2007). Health effects of annoyance induced by neighbour noise. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 55(3),. 348-359.
  • Mehri, A., Alimohammadi, I., Ebrahimi, H., Hajizadeh, R., and Roudbari, M. (2018). Effect of traffic noise on mental performance with regard to introversion and task complexity. Applied Acoustics, 132, 118-123.
  • Meinke, D., and Stephenson, M.R. (2007). Noise-induced hearing loss: Models for prevention. In: Ackley RS, Newell Decker T, and Limb C, (Eds.), An Essential Guide to Hearing and Balance Disorders. London, United Kingdom: Psychology Press, 287-350.
  • Nettleton, D.F. (2014). Chapter 6 - Selection of variables and factor derivation. In: Nettleton DF (Ed.), Commercial data mining processing, analysis and modeling for predictive analytics projects. Massachusetts, United States: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 79-104.
  • Oleru, U.G. (1980). Comparison of the hearing levels of Nigerian textile workers and a control group. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 41(4), 283-287.
  • Onur, C., Sinasi, Y., and Ahmet, O. (1998). Hearing parameters in noise exposed industrial workers. Auris Nasus Larynx, 25, 369-375.
  • Ordoñez, R., Aranda de Toro, M.A., and Hammershøi, D. (2010). Time and frequency weightings and the assessment of sound exposure. 39th International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
  • OSHA, (1974). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Url: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95
  • Osibogun, A., Igweze, I., and Adeniran, L. (2000). Noise-induced hearing loss among textile workers in Lagos Metropolis. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 7(3), 104-111.
  • Park, I., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Yun, B., and Yoon, J-H. (2022). Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean working conditions survey. Sleep Medicine, 100, 157-164.
  • Poursadeghiyan M., Abbasi M., Mehri A., Hami M., Raei M., and Ebrahimi M.H. (2016), Relationship between job stress and anxiety, depression and job satisfaction in nurses in Iran. The Social Sciences, 11(9), 2349-2355.
  • Rahman, T., Faisal, A-M., Khanam, T., and Shekhar, H.U. (2020). Recurrent indoor environmental pollution and its impact on health and oxidative stress of the textile workers in Bangladesh. Environmental Health Insights, 14, 1-7.
  • Rimskaya-Korsakova, L.K., Pyatakov, P.A., and Shulyapov, S.A. (2022). Evaluations of the annoyance effects of noise. Acoustical Physics, 68(5), 502-512.
  • Sawyer, S.F. (2009). Analysis of variance: The fundamental concepts. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 17(2), 27-38.
  • Shakhatreh, F.M., Abdul-Baqi, K.J., and Turk, M.M. (2000). Hearing loss in a textile factory. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(1), 58-60.
  • Sokas, R.K., and Sprince, N.L. (2008). Occupational health: Overview. International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 639-649.
  • Stansfeld, S. (1992). Noise, noise sensitivity and psychiatric disorder: Epidemiological and psychophysiological studies. Psychological Medicine (Monograph Suppl. 22), 1-44.
  • Stansfeld, S., Clark, C., Smuk, M., Gallacher, J., and Babisch, W. (2021). Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality. Environmental Health, 20, 32.
  • Stephenson, M.R. (2009). Hearing protection in the 21st century: They’re not your father’s earplugs anymore. Seminars in Hearing, 30(1), 56-64.
  • Weinstein, N.D. (1978). Individual differences in reactions to noise: A longitudinal study in a college dormitory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 458-466.
  • World Health Organization, (2009). Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 25-36.
  • Yaman, M., Kurtay, C., and Ulukavak Harputlugil, G. (2023). Acoustical environments in the textile industry facilities: A case study of Malatya Province, Türkiye. 52nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Yaman, M., Ulukavak Harputlugil, G., and Kurtay, C. (2024). A holistic approach to different regulations for acoustic improvements in industrial facilities. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 55(9-10), 499-511.
  • Yaman Turan, N., and Öney, Ö. (2021). Investigation of the noise exposure in weaving workplaces in Western Turkey. Textile and Apparel, 31(1), 27-33.
  • Yıldırım, I., Kılınç, M., Okur, E., Inanç Tolun, F., Kılıç, M.A., Kurutas, E.B., and Ekerbiçer, H.Ç. (2007). The effects of noise on hearing and oxidative stress in textile workers. Industrial Health, 45, 743-749.
  • Zainal Abidin, A.N., Jusoh, M., and Zakaria, Z.Y. (2018). Simulation of noise exposure level of fire-fighters in emergency response services in Malaysia. Safety Science, 105, 121-127.
  • Zimmer, K., and Ellermeier, W. (1999). Psychometric properties of four measures of noise sensitivity: A comparison. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 295-302.

TEKSTİL ENDÜSTRİSİ GÜRÜLTÜSÜNÜN ÇALIŞANLARIN GÜRÜLTÜ MARUZİYETİ, GÜRÜLTÜ HASSASİYETİ VE GÜRÜLTÜ RAHATSIZLIĞI ÜZERİNDEN ANALİZİ

Year 2024, Issue: 2024, 183 - 194

Muammer Yaman

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542527

Abstract

İş sağlığında etkileri sonradan ortaya çıkan gürültü, çalışanlar için birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Bu çalışma, bir tekstil fabrikasında gürültü maruziyet ölçümlerinin sonuçlarını analiz etmeyi ve gürültü duyarlılığı ve rahatsızlığının bütünsel bir değerlendirmesini sağlamayı amaçlamaktadır. Alan çalışmasında, bir tekstil fabrikasındaki gürültü maruziyet seviyeleri ISO 9612:2009 standardına göre ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca, çalışanlara yüz yüze yapılandırılmış bir gürültü rahatsızlığı anketi ve Weinstein Gürültü Hassasiyeti Ölçeği (WNSS) uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular istatistiksel yöntemlerle analiz edilmiş ve değerlendirilmiştir. Alan çalışmasının eğirme ve dokuma ünitelerinde 88,5-92,3 dBA seviyelerinde yüksek gürültü maruziyet düzeyleri ölçülmüştür. İşçiler elyaf ve tozları (%67,1) ve gürültüyü (%58,9) iç mekân konfor seviyelerini etkileyen önemli parametreler olarak tanımlamıştır. WNSS Toplam Puanı ile çalışanların gürültüden rahatsız olma düzeyleri arasında da pozitif ve anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmuştur (p<0,05). Çalışma ortamlarının bir temsili olan tekstil fabrikalarında yüksek düzeyde iç mekân gürültüsü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda, işçiler arasında gürültü farkındalığının artırılması ve etkili mühendislik ve idari kontrol önlemleri ile iç mekân gürültü seviyelerinin azaltılması gerekliliği ortaya konulmuştur.

Keywords

Gürültü rahatsızlığı Gürültü hassasiyeti Endüstriyel gürültü Mesleki gürültü maruziyeti Tekstil fabrikası

References

  • Abbasi, M., Yazdanirad, S., Habibi, P., Arabi, S., Fallah Madvari, R., Mehri, A., Poursadeghiyan, M., Ebrahimi, M.H., and Ghaljahi, M. (2019). Relationship among noise exposure, sensitivity, and noise annoyance with job satisfaction and job stress in a textile industry. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 50(6), 195-201.
  • Abbasi, M., Yazdanirad, S., Mehri, A., Fallah Madvari, R., Alizadeh, A., Ghaljahi, M., and Falahati, M. (2020). Noise exposure and job stress - a structural equation model in textile industries. Archives of Acoustics, 45(4), 601-611.
  • Abraham, Z., Massawe, E., Ntunaguzi, D., Kahinga, A., and Mawala, S. (2019). Prevalence of noise-induced hearing loss among textile industry workers in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Annals of Global Health, 85(1), 1-6.
  • Albayrak, S., Özdemir, M., and Yağcı, M. (2023). Evaluation of noise levels in flour factories in terms of occupational health and safety. Kocaeli Journal of Science and Engineering, 6(2), 155-161.
  • Atmaca, E., Peker, I., and Altın. A. (2005). Industrial noise and its effects on humans. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 14(6), 721-726.
  • Baudin, C., Lefevre, M., Babisch, W., Cadum, E., Champelovier, P., Dimakopoulou, K., Houthuijs, D., Lambert, J., Laumon, B., Pershagen, G., Stansfeld, S., Velonaki, V., Hansell, A., and Evrard, A.S. (2021). The role of aircraft noise annoyance and noise sensitivity in the association between aircraft noise levels and hypertension risk: Results of a pooled analysis from seven European countries. Environmental Research, 191, 110179.
  • Bolaji, B.O., Olanipekun, M.U., Adekunle, A.A., and Adeleke, A.E. (2018). An analysis of noise and its environmental burden on the example of Nigerian manufacturing companies. Journal of Cleaner Production, 172, 1800-1806.
  • Bottalica, P. (2018). Lombard effect, ambient noise, and willingness to spend time and money in a restaurant. The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 144(3), 209-214.
  • Brumm, H., and Zollinger, S.A. (2011). The evolution of the Lombard effect: 100 years of psychoacoustic research. Behaviour, 18, 1173-1198.
  • Chen, H., Hou, C., Zhang, L., and Li, S. (2020). Comparative study on the strands of research on the governance model of international occupational safety and health issues. Safety Science, 122, 104513.
  • Chong, D., Chen, L., Peng, Y., and Yu, A. (2022). Occupational noise-related perception and personal protection behavior among Chinese construction workers. Safety Science, 147, 105629.
  • Correia, A., Lopes, M., and Almeida, M.F. (2017). Characterization of noise in different industrial workstations. International Conference of Computational Methods in Sciences and Engineering 2017, (ICCMSE-2017), Thessaloniki, Greece.
  • Di, G., Yao, Y., Chen, C., Lin, Q., and Li, Z. (2022). An experiment study on the identification of noise sensitive individuals and the influence of noise sensitivity on perceived annoyance. Applied Acoustics, 185, 108394.
  • Duran, Z., Genç, M., Doğan, T., and Erdem, B. (2020). Evaluation of noise emission in a textile plant. Naturengs, 1(1), 53-63.
  • Ege, F., Sümer, S.K., and Sabancı, A. (2003). Tekstil fabrikalarında gürültü düzeyi ve etkileri. Türk Tabipleri Birliği Mesleki Sağlık ve Güvenlik Dergisi, 30-39.
  • Ekehammar, B., and Dornic, S. (1990). Weinstein’s Noise Sensitivity Scale: Reliability and construct validity. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 70, 129-130.
  • Ersoy Z., Barışık T., and Petridis G. (2022). Tekstil sektöründe çalışanların toz ve gürültü maruziyetlerinin değerlendirilmesi. Yeni Yüzyıl Journal of Medical Sciences, 3(1), 49-58. Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., and Tatham, R. L. (2013). Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Education Limited, Upper Saddle River. Hill, E.M. (2012). Noise sensitivity and diminished health: The role of stress-related factors. Auckland University of Technology Doctor of Philosophy Thesis, Auckland, New Zealand, 64-80. ISO 9921, (2004). Ergonomics - Assessment of speech communication, International Organization for Standardization. Keskin Yıldız, M., Kemaloğlu, Y.K., Tuaç, Y., Mengü, G., Karamert, R., and Gökdoğan, Ç. (2020). Validating the Turkish version of the Weinstein Noise Sensitivity Scale: Effects of age, sex, and education level. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 50, 894-901.
  • Koradecka, D. (2010). Handbook of occupational safety and health, human factors and ergonomics. (First Edition). CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, FL, USA.
  • Maschke, C., and Niemann, H. (2007). Health effects of annoyance induced by neighbour noise. Noise Control Engineering Journal, 55(3),. 348-359.
  • Mehri, A., Alimohammadi, I., Ebrahimi, H., Hajizadeh, R., and Roudbari, M. (2018). Effect of traffic noise on mental performance with regard to introversion and task complexity. Applied Acoustics, 132, 118-123.
  • Meinke, D., and Stephenson, M.R. (2007). Noise-induced hearing loss: Models for prevention. In: Ackley RS, Newell Decker T, and Limb C, (Eds.), An Essential Guide to Hearing and Balance Disorders. London, United Kingdom: Psychology Press, 287-350.
  • Nettleton, D.F. (2014). Chapter 6 - Selection of variables and factor derivation. In: Nettleton DF (Ed.), Commercial data mining processing, analysis and modeling for predictive analytics projects. Massachusetts, United States: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 79-104.
  • Oleru, U.G. (1980). Comparison of the hearing levels of Nigerian textile workers and a control group. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, 41(4), 283-287.
  • Onur, C., Sinasi, Y., and Ahmet, O. (1998). Hearing parameters in noise exposed industrial workers. Auris Nasus Larynx, 25, 369-375.
  • Ordoñez, R., Aranda de Toro, M.A., and Hammershøi, D. (2010). Time and frequency weightings and the assessment of sound exposure. 39th International Congress on Noise Control Engineering, Lisbon, Portugal.
  • OSHA, (1974). Occupational Safety and Health Administration. Url: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/regulations/standardnumber/1910/1910.95
  • Osibogun, A., Igweze, I., and Adeniran, L. (2000). Noise-induced hearing loss among textile workers in Lagos Metropolis. The Nigerian Postgraduate Medical Journal, 7(3), 104-111.
  • Park, I., Kim, S., Kim, Y., Yun, B., and Yoon, J-H. (2022). Association between physical risk factors and sleep disturbance among workers in Korea: The 5th Korean working conditions survey. Sleep Medicine, 100, 157-164.
  • Poursadeghiyan M., Abbasi M., Mehri A., Hami M., Raei M., and Ebrahimi M.H. (2016), Relationship between job stress and anxiety, depression and job satisfaction in nurses in Iran. The Social Sciences, 11(9), 2349-2355.
  • Rahman, T., Faisal, A-M., Khanam, T., and Shekhar, H.U. (2020). Recurrent indoor environmental pollution and its impact on health and oxidative stress of the textile workers in Bangladesh. Environmental Health Insights, 14, 1-7.
  • Rimskaya-Korsakova, L.K., Pyatakov, P.A., and Shulyapov, S.A. (2022). Evaluations of the annoyance effects of noise. Acoustical Physics, 68(5), 502-512.
  • Sawyer, S.F. (2009). Analysis of variance: The fundamental concepts. Journal of Manual & Manipulative Therapy, 17(2), 27-38.
  • Shakhatreh, F.M., Abdul-Baqi, K.J., and Turk, M.M. (2000). Hearing loss in a textile factory. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(1), 58-60.
  • Sokas, R.K., and Sprince, N.L. (2008). Occupational health: Overview. International Encyclopedia of Public Health. 639-649.
  • Stansfeld, S. (1992). Noise, noise sensitivity and psychiatric disorder: Epidemiological and psychophysiological studies. Psychological Medicine (Monograph Suppl. 22), 1-44.
  • Stansfeld, S., Clark, C., Smuk, M., Gallacher, J., and Babisch, W. (2021). Road traffic noise, noise sensitivity, noise annoyance, psychological and physical health and mortality. Environmental Health, 20, 32.
  • Stephenson, M.R. (2009). Hearing protection in the 21st century: They’re not your father’s earplugs anymore. Seminars in Hearing, 30(1), 56-64.
  • Weinstein, N.D. (1978). Individual differences in reactions to noise: A longitudinal study in a college dormitory. Journal of Applied Psychology, 63, 458-466.
  • World Health Organization, (2009). Global health risks: mortality and burden of disease attributable to selected major risks. Geneva: World Health Organization; 25-36.
  • Yaman, M., Kurtay, C., and Ulukavak Harputlugil, G. (2023). Acoustical environments in the textile industry facilities: A case study of Malatya Province, Türkiye. 52nd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Tokyo, Japan.
  • Yaman, M., Ulukavak Harputlugil, G., and Kurtay, C. (2024). A holistic approach to different regulations for acoustic improvements in industrial facilities. Noise & Vibration Worldwide, 55(9-10), 499-511.
  • Yaman Turan, N., and Öney, Ö. (2021). Investigation of the noise exposure in weaving workplaces in Western Turkey. Textile and Apparel, 31(1), 27-33.
  • Yıldırım, I., Kılınç, M., Okur, E., Inanç Tolun, F., Kılıç, M.A., Kurutas, E.B., and Ekerbiçer, H.Ç. (2007). The effects of noise on hearing and oxidative stress in textile workers. Industrial Health, 45, 743-749.
  • Zainal Abidin, A.N., Jusoh, M., and Zakaria, Z.Y. (2018). Simulation of noise exposure level of fire-fighters in emergency response services in Malaysia. Safety Science, 105, 121-127.
  • Zimmer, K., and Ellermeier, W. (1999). Psychometric properties of four measures of noise sensitivity: A comparison. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 19, 295-302.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Design (Other), Occupation and Workplace Health and Safety, Workplace Wellbeing and Quality of Working Life, Industrial and Employee Relations
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muammer Yaman 0000-0002-8767-4811

Early Pub Date November 21, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date September 2, 2024
Acceptance Date November 12, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2024 Issue: 2024

Cite

APA Yaman, M. (2024). ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(2024), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542527
AMA Yaman M. ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS. PAUSBED. November 2024;(2024):183-194. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1542527
Chicago Yaman, Muammer. “ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 2024 (November 2024): 183-94. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542527.
EndNote Yaman M (November 1, 2024) ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2024 183–194.
IEEE M. Yaman, “ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS”, PAUSBED, no. 2024, pp. 183–194, November 2024, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1542527.
ISNAD Yaman, Muammer. “ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 2024 (November 2024), 183-194. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1542527.
JAMA Yaman M. ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS. PAUSBED. 2024;:183–194.
MLA Yaman, Muammer. “ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 2024, 2024, pp. 183-94, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1542527.
Vancouver Yaman M. ANALYSIS OF TEXTILE INDUSTRY NOISE THROUGH NOISE EXPOSURE, NOISE SENSITIVITY AND NOISE ANNOYANCE OF WORKERS. PAUSBED. 2024(2024):183-94.
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