Research Article
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CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS

Year 2025, Issue: 68, 439 - 451, 12.05.2025

Dilruba Işın , Şenay Leyla Kuzu

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1510156

Abstract

This study focuses on the reshaped masculinity experiences of Syrian and Afghan men with different legal statuses living in the city centre of Sivas during the transnational migration process. The field research was conducted between August 2022 and November 2023 and involved a comprehensive analysis of men's ability to maintain traditional gender roles, such as earning money, sending money back home, and getting married. The research, which has a qualitative research design, is based on in-depth interviews using semi-structured questions. Descriptive and systematic analysis of the data obtained was made and interpreted. Despite all their vulnerabilities, especially the uncertainty of their legal status, Syrian and Afghan men oppose the local men's criticism of them that 'They fled instead of defending their homeland' by turning traditional masculinity codes such as protecting and providing for the family into an individual choice. However, Syrian and Afghan men are trying to overcome the difficulties they face locally with strategies that can be summarized as 'not getting involved in the problem and social distancing', 'ignoring and trivializing' stigmatizing words in everyday life’, and finally leading them to ‘revert to various discourses that restore their masculinity’.

Keywords

Migration Masculinity Gender roles Syrian and Afghan Men Sivas

References

  • Akis Kalaylıoğlu, Y. (2014). Uluslararası göç bağlamında Bourdieu’nun kavramları: Ankara’da yaşayan İranlılar örneği. İdealkent Kent Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(14), 182-205.
  • Bartolomei, M. R. (2010). Migrant male domestic workers in comparative perspective: four case studies from Italy, India, Ivory Coast, and Congo. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382882
  • Belabbas, S., Bijak, J., Modirrousta-Galian, A. & Nurse, S. (2022). From conflict zones to Europe: Syrian and Afghan Refugees’ journeys, stories, and strategies. Social Inclusion, 10(4), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i4.5731
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği (BMMYK) (2023, March). Türkiye Bilgi Notu. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/04/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2024-02_Turkiye_FINAL_25March-TUR.pdf
  • Bozok, M. & Bozok N. (2019). The household, the street and the labour market: masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of Afghan migrant boys in a squatter neighbourhood in Istanbul. NORMA: International Journal for Masculinities Studies, 14(2), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
  • Bozok, M. (2019). Göç sonucu yaşanan erkeklik krizlerinin bir yüzü olarak erkekliğin kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (60), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035
  • Butler, J. (2010). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Castles S., De Haas H., and Miller M. J. (2014). The age of migration: The international movements in the world (5th ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Charsley, K. A. H., & Wray, H. (2015). Introduction: The invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 403-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X15575109
  • Connell, R.W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına giriş, (Second Volume.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Crossley, P. & Pease, B. (2009). Machismo and the construction of immigrant Latin American masculinities. In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease. (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 115-134). New York: Routledge.
  • Çarpar, M. C & Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2021). Forced migration as a crisis in masculinity: a sociological approach to refugee men’s remasculinization strategies in Turkey, Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(4), 3846-3870. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa138
  • Danış, A. D., Taraghi C. & Pérouse J.F. (2009). “Integration in Limbo”: Iraqi, Afghan, Maghrebi and Iranian migrants in Istanbul. In Kirişçi, K.& İçduygu, A. (Eds.), Land of diverse migrations challenges of emigration and immigration in Turkey (pp: 443-636). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press.
  • Demir, E. (2022). Türkiye’de yaşayan Afgan göçmenlerin göç süreçleri: sosyal ağların rolü. (Unprinted Master’s Thesis). Social Science University of Ankara.
  • Echavez, C. R., Mosawi, S., & Pilongo, L. W. (2016). The other side of gender inequality: Men and masculinities in Afghanistan. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2022). Syrians Barometer 2021: “A Framework for achieving social cohesion with Syrians in Türkiye”.
  • Gülerce, H. & Demir, E. (2021). Zorunlu göç sürecinde sosyal ağlar; Şanlıurfa’daki Suriyeli sığınmacılar. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 185-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2021.81.973727
  • Hakimi, A. A. (2023). ‘Good men don’t elope’: Afghan migrant men’s discourses on labour migration, marriage and masculinity. History and Anthropology, 34(2), 260-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2020.1865342
  • Hearn, J. (2011). Men/Masculinities: War/Militarism–searching (for) the obvious connections? In Annica Kronsell & Erika Svedberg (Eds.), Making gender, making war: Violence, military and peacekeeping practices (pp. 47-63). Routledge.
  • Hibbins, R. & Pease, B. (2009). Men and masculinities on the move, In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 1-19). New York: Routledge.
  • Huizinga, R. P. & Van Hoven, B. (2021). Hegemonic masculinities after forced migration: exploring relational performances of Syrian refugee men in The Netherlands. Gender, Place & Culture, 28(8), 1151-1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1784102
  • Kahya Nizam, Ö. & Sallan Gül, S. (2017) Türkiye’de mültecilere yönelik yerleşim politikaları ve uydu kentler: güvenlik kıskacında yaşamlar, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (22) pp. 1385-1410.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with patriarchy. Gender and Society, 2(3): 274-290.
  • Karadağ, S. (2021). Ghosts of Istanbul: Afghans at the margins of precarity. Association for Migration Research (GAR).
  • Körükmez, L., Karakılıç, İ. Z., & Danış, D., (2020). Exigency, negotiation, change: The work experiences of refugee women and gender relations. Association for Migration Research (GAR).
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. Bağlam.
  • Leyla Kuzu, Ş. (2020). Başarı ve yaşama tutunma arasında Gaziantep’teki “Suriyeli Kadınlar”ın deneyimleri. In M. Nuri Gültekin & Mustafa Doğanoğlu (Eds.) Gaziantep’teki Suriyeliler başarı hikâyeleri (pp.107-119). Gaziantep: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Yayınları
  • Leyla Kuzu, Ş. (2023). Göç sürecinde kadınlık ve erkekliğin yeniden inşası: saha araştırmasından notlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(4), 1883-1900. https://dx.doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1338779
  • Mungai, N. W. & Pease, B. (2009). Rethinking masculinities in the African diaspora, In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 96-114). New York: Routledge.
  • Näre, L., (2010). Sri Lankan men working as cleaners and carers: negotiating masculinity in Naples. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382881
  • Neuman, W. L. (2013). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri. Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar -Second Volume, (Trans. S. Özge), İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Pease, B. (2009). Immigrant men and domestic life renegotiating the patriarchal bargain? In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 79-95). New York: Routledge.
  • Presidency of Migration of Management (2024, March) International Protection. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration of Management. Retrieved from https://en.goc.gov.tr/international-protection17
  • Presidency of Migration of Management (2024, March) Irregular Migration. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration of Management. Retrieved from https://en.goc.gov.tr/irregular-migration.
  • Sallan Gül S., Türkmen E., & Kahya Nizam Ö. (2020). Türkiye’de mültecilik, kadınlık ve toplumsal cinsiyet: Isparta uydu kentinde yeni bir kadınlık inşası mümkün mü?. In Songül Sallan Gül, Saniye Dedeoğlu & Özlem Kahya Nizam. (Eds.), Türkiye’de mültecilik, zorunlu göç ve toplumsal uyum (pp: 310-340). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
  • Sharan, B. M. (2018). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulamalar için bir rehber, (Trans. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Suerbaum, M. (2022). Masculinities and displacement in the Middle East: Syrian refugees in Egypt. Great Britain: IB Tauris.
  • Ünlütürk, Ç. & Topaloğlu, F. (2023). Türkiye›ye yönelen Afgan göçünü toplumsal cinsiyet gözlüğüyle okumak. Mülkiye Dergisi, 47(1) 170-197.
  • Van Raemdonck, A. (2023). Syrian refugee men in ‘double waithood’: ethnographic perspectives on labour and marriage in Jordan’s border towns. Gender, Place & Culture, 30(5), 692-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2178390
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2007). Cinsiyet ve millet. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.

ERKEKLİK İNŞASINDA SÜREKLİLİKLER VE DEĞİŞİMLER: SİVAS’TA YAŞAYAN SURİYELİ VE AFGAN ERKEKLER ÖRNEĞİ

Year 2025, Issue: 68, 439 - 451, 12.05.2025

Dilruba Işın , Şenay Leyla Kuzu

https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1510156

Abstract

Bu çalışma Sivas kent merkezinde yaşayan yasal statüleri farklı olan Suriyeli ve Afgan erkeklerin ulus ötesi göç sürecinde yeniden şekillenen erkeklik deneyimlerine odaklanmaktadır. Saha araştırması Ağustos 2022 ile Kasım 2023 arasında yapılan araştırma erkeklerin para kazanmak, aileye para göndermek ve evlenmek gibi bazı geleneksel cinsiyet rollerinin kapsamlı bir analizini içermektedir. Nitel bir araştırma tasarımına sahip olan araştırma, yarı yapılandırılmış soruların kullanıldığı derinlemesine görüşmelere dayanmaktadır. Elde edilen verilerin betimsel ve sistematik analizi yapılmış ve yorumlanmıştır. Suriyeli ve Afgan erkekler yasal statülerinin belirsizliği başta olmak üzere bütün kırılganlıklarına rağmen yerel erkeklerin kendilerine yönelik ‘vatanlarını savunmak yerine kaçtılar’ eleştirisini aileyi koruma ve geçindirme gibi geleneksel erkeklik kodlarını bireysel bir tercih haline dönüştürerek karşı çıkmaktadırlar. Bununla birlikte Suriyeli ve Afgan erkekler ‘soruna bulaşmamak ve sosyal mesafe’, gündelik hayatta damgalayıcı sözleri ‘görmezden gelme ve önemsizleştirme’ ve son olarak ‘erkekliklerini onaran söylemler inşa etme’ şeklinde özetlenebilecek stratejilerle yerelde karşılaştıkları zorlukları aşmaya çalışmaktadırlar.

Keywords

Göç Erkeklik Cinsiyet rolleri Suriyeli ve Afgan erkekler Sivas

Thanks

Makaleye yorumlarıyla katkı sağlayan Doç. Dr. Muhsin Soyudoğan'a teşekkür ederim

References

  • Akis Kalaylıoğlu, Y. (2014). Uluslararası göç bağlamında Bourdieu’nun kavramları: Ankara’da yaşayan İranlılar örneği. İdealkent Kent Araştırmaları Dergisi, 5(14), 182-205.
  • Bartolomei, M. R. (2010). Migrant male domestic workers in comparative perspective: four case studies from Italy, India, Ivory Coast, and Congo. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 87-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382882
  • Belabbas, S., Bijak, J., Modirrousta-Galian, A. & Nurse, S. (2022). From conflict zones to Europe: Syrian and Afghan Refugees’ journeys, stories, and strategies. Social Inclusion, 10(4), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.17645/si.v10i4.5731
  • Birleşmiş Milletler Mülteciler Yüksek Komiserliği (BMMYK) (2023, March). Türkiye Bilgi Notu. Retrieved from https://www.unhcr.org/tr/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2024/04/Bi-annual-fact-sheet-2024-02_Turkiye_FINAL_25March-TUR.pdf
  • Bozok, M. & Bozok N. (2019). The household, the street and the labour market: masculinities and homosocial solidarity networks of Afghan migrant boys in a squatter neighbourhood in Istanbul. NORMA: International Journal for Masculinities Studies, 14(2), 96-111. https://doi.org/10.1080/18902138.2018.1519241
  • Bozok, M. (2019). Göç sonucu yaşanan erkeklik krizlerinin bir yüzü olarak erkekliğin kaybı. Journal of Economy Culture and Society, (60), 171-185. https://doi.org/10.26650/JECS2019-0035
  • Butler, J. (2010). Gender trouble: Feminism and the subversion of identity. New York & London: Routledge.
  • Castles S., De Haas H., and Miller M. J. (2014). The age of migration: The international movements in the world (5th ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
  • Charsley, K. A. H., & Wray, H. (2015). Introduction: The invisible (migrant) man. Men and Masculinities, 18(4), 403-423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X15575109
  • Connell, R.W. (2005). Masculinities (2nd ed.). Berkeley & Los Angeles: University of California Press.
  • Creswell, J. W. (2019). Karma yöntem araştırmalarına giriş, (Second Volume.). Pegem Akademi.
  • Crossley, P. & Pease, B. (2009). Machismo and the construction of immigrant Latin American masculinities. In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease. (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 115-134). New York: Routledge.
  • Çarpar, M. C & Göktuna Yaylacı, F. (2021). Forced migration as a crisis in masculinity: a sociological approach to refugee men’s remasculinization strategies in Turkey, Journal of Refugee Studies, 34(4), 3846-3870. https://doi.org/10.1093/jrs/feaa138
  • Danış, A. D., Taraghi C. & Pérouse J.F. (2009). “Integration in Limbo”: Iraqi, Afghan, Maghrebi and Iranian migrants in Istanbul. In Kirişçi, K.& İçduygu, A. (Eds.), Land of diverse migrations challenges of emigration and immigration in Turkey (pp: 443-636). İstanbul: İstanbul Bilgi University Press.
  • Demir, E. (2022). Türkiye’de yaşayan Afgan göçmenlerin göç süreçleri: sosyal ağların rolü. (Unprinted Master’s Thesis). Social Science University of Ankara.
  • Echavez, C. R., Mosawi, S., & Pilongo, L. W. (2016). The other side of gender inequality: Men and masculinities in Afghanistan. Afghanistan Research and Evaluation Unit.
  • Erdoğan, M. M. (2022). Syrians Barometer 2021: “A Framework for achieving social cohesion with Syrians in Türkiye”.
  • Gülerce, H. & Demir, E. (2021). Zorunlu göç sürecinde sosyal ağlar; Şanlıurfa’daki Suriyeli sığınmacılar. Journal of Social Policy Conferences, 81, 185-211. https://dx.doi.org/10.26650/jspc.2021.81.973727
  • Hakimi, A. A. (2023). ‘Good men don’t elope’: Afghan migrant men’s discourses on labour migration, marriage and masculinity. History and Anthropology, 34(2), 260-283. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757206.2020.1865342
  • Hearn, J. (2011). Men/Masculinities: War/Militarism–searching (for) the obvious connections? In Annica Kronsell & Erika Svedberg (Eds.), Making gender, making war: Violence, military and peacekeeping practices (pp. 47-63). Routledge.
  • Hibbins, R. & Pease, B. (2009). Men and masculinities on the move, In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 1-19). New York: Routledge.
  • Huizinga, R. P. & Van Hoven, B. (2021). Hegemonic masculinities after forced migration: exploring relational performances of Syrian refugee men in The Netherlands. Gender, Place & Culture, 28(8), 1151-1173. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2020.1784102
  • Kahya Nizam, Ö. & Sallan Gül, S. (2017) Türkiye’de mültecilere yönelik yerleşim politikaları ve uydu kentler: güvenlik kıskacında yaşamlar, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, (22) pp. 1385-1410.
  • Kandiyoti, D. (1988). Bargaining with patriarchy. Gender and Society, 2(3): 274-290.
  • Karadağ, S. (2021). Ghosts of Istanbul: Afghans at the margins of precarity. Association for Migration Research (GAR).
  • Körükmez, L., Karakılıç, İ. Z., & Danış, D., (2020). Exigency, negotiation, change: The work experiences of refugee women and gender relations. Association for Migration Research (GAR).
  • Kümbetoğlu, B. (2008). Sosyolojide ve antropolojide niteliksel yöntem ve araştırma. Bağlam.
  • Leyla Kuzu, Ş. (2020). Başarı ve yaşama tutunma arasında Gaziantep’teki “Suriyeli Kadınlar”ın deneyimleri. In M. Nuri Gültekin & Mustafa Doğanoğlu (Eds.) Gaziantep’teki Suriyeliler başarı hikâyeleri (pp.107-119). Gaziantep: Gaziantep Üniversitesi Yayınları
  • Leyla Kuzu, Ş. (2023). Göç sürecinde kadınlık ve erkekliğin yeniden inşası: saha araştırmasından notlar. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 25(4), 1883-1900. https://dx.doi.org/10.16953/deusosbil.1338779
  • Mungai, N. W. & Pease, B. (2009). Rethinking masculinities in the African diaspora, In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 96-114). New York: Routledge.
  • Näre, L., (2010). Sri Lankan men working as cleaners and carers: negotiating masculinity in Naples. Men and Masculinities, 13(1), 65-86. https://doi.org/10.1177/1097184X10382881
  • Neuman, W. L. (2013). Toplumsal araştırma yöntemleri. Nitel ve Nicel Yaklaşımlar -Second Volume, (Trans. S. Özge), İstanbul: Yayın Odası.
  • Pease, B. (2009). Immigrant men and domestic life renegotiating the patriarchal bargain? In Mike Donaldson, Raymond Hibbins, Richard Howson and Bob Pease (Eds.), Migrant men: Critical studies of masculinities and the migration experience (pp. 79-95). New York: Routledge.
  • Presidency of Migration of Management (2024, March) International Protection. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration of Management. Retrieved from https://en.goc.gov.tr/international-protection17
  • Presidency of Migration of Management (2024, March) Irregular Migration. Republic of Türkiye Ministry of Interior Presidency of Migration of Management. Retrieved from https://en.goc.gov.tr/irregular-migration.
  • Sallan Gül S., Türkmen E., & Kahya Nizam Ö. (2020). Türkiye’de mültecilik, kadınlık ve toplumsal cinsiyet: Isparta uydu kentinde yeni bir kadınlık inşası mümkün mü?. In Songül Sallan Gül, Saniye Dedeoğlu & Özlem Kahya Nizam. (Eds.), Türkiye’de mültecilik, zorunlu göç ve toplumsal uyum (pp: 310-340). İstanbul: Bağlam Yayınları.
  • Sharan, B. M. (2018). Nitel araştırma desen ve uygulamalar için bir rehber, (Trans. S. Turan). Ankara: Nobel.
  • Suerbaum, M. (2022). Masculinities and displacement in the Middle East: Syrian refugees in Egypt. Great Britain: IB Tauris.
  • Ünlütürk, Ç. & Topaloğlu, F. (2023). Türkiye›ye yönelen Afgan göçünü toplumsal cinsiyet gözlüğüyle okumak. Mülkiye Dergisi, 47(1) 170-197.
  • Van Raemdonck, A. (2023). Syrian refugee men in ‘double waithood’: ethnographic perspectives on labour and marriage in Jordan’s border towns. Gender, Place & Culture, 30(5), 692-713. https://doi.org/10.1080/0966369X.2023.2178390
  • Yuval-Davis, N. (2007). Cinsiyet ve millet. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
There are 41 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Sociology of Gender, Migration Sociology
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Dilruba Işın 0009-0008-0951-8910

Şenay Leyla Kuzu 0000-0002-3245-9399

Early Pub Date May 2, 2025
Publication Date May 12, 2025
Submission Date July 3, 2024
Acceptance Date February 24, 2025
Published in Issue Year 2025 Issue: 68

Cite

APA Işın, D., & Leyla Kuzu, Ş. (2025). CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi(68), 439-451. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1510156
AMA Işın D, Leyla Kuzu Ş. CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS. PAUSBED. May 2025;(68):439-451. doi:10.30794/pausbed.1510156
Chicago Işın, Dilruba, and Şenay Leyla Kuzu. “CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 68 (May 2025): 439-51. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1510156.
EndNote Işın D, Leyla Kuzu Ş (May 1, 2025) CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 68 439–451.
IEEE D. Işın and Ş. Leyla Kuzu, “CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS”, PAUSBED, no. 68, pp. 439–451, May 2025, doi: 10.30794/pausbed.1510156.
ISNAD Işın, Dilruba - Leyla Kuzu, Şenay. “CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 68 (May 2025), 439-451. https://doi.org/10.30794/pausbed.1510156.
JAMA Işın D, Leyla Kuzu Ş. CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS. PAUSBED. 2025;:439–451.
MLA Işın, Dilruba and Şenay Leyla Kuzu. “CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS”. Pamukkale Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, no. 68, 2025, pp. 439-51, doi:10.30794/pausbed.1510156.
Vancouver Işın D, Leyla Kuzu Ş. CONTINUITIES AND CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION OF MASCULINITY: THE CASE OF SYRIAN AND AFGHAN MEN LIVING IN SIVAS. PAUSBED. 2025(68):439-51.
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