Çocuklarda İşlemsel Ağrı Yönetiminde Dikkati Başka Yöne Çekme Yöntemlerinin Kullanımı

Yıl 2015, , 116 - 121, 01.09.2015

Sevil İnal , Nejla Canbulat

https://doi.org/10.4274/jcp.29292

Öz

Kan alma, enjeksiyon uygulama gibi tıbbi işlemler çocukların en büyük ağrı kaynaklarından biridir. Ağrı çocukların iğneden korkmasına, aşı uygulaması, enjeksiyon ve kan alma uygulaması gibi bazı tıbbi işlemlere karşı gönülsüzlüğü hatta tedavinin ihmal edilmesine ya da gecikmesine neden olabilmektedir. Bu nedenle hemşire, çocuklarda ağrının uzun dönem olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak ve ağrılı prosedürlerin fiziksel ve emosyonel etkilerini gidermek için ağrılı işlemleri yönetmelidir. Çocuklarda tıbbi işlemler sırasında oluşabilecek ağrı ve anksiyeteyi azaltmaya yönelik ilaçlı ve ilaç dışı yöntemleri kapsayan pek çok yaklaşım vardır. Son yıllarda, hemşirelerin ağrılı işlemlerde ağrıyı gidermeye yönelik ilaç dışı yöntemlerin kullanımı ile ilgili araştırmalar artmıştır. Tıbbi işlemler sırasında oluşan ağrıyı gidermede en sık kullanılan yöntemlerden biri dikkati başka yöne çekmedir. Dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemi, ağrıyı azaltmak için hastanın dikkatini başka bir uyarana yoğunlaştırma girişimidir ve beynin uyarana dikkatini yoğunlaştırma ile ilgili kapasitesinin sınırlı olduğu hipotezine dayanmaktadır. Bu makalede sıklıkla kullanılan dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemleri tartışılacaktır

Anahtar Kelimeler

Dikkati başka yöne çekme yöntemleri, ağrı yönetimi, hemşirelik, çocuk hasta

Using of Distraction Methods on Procedural Pain Management of Pediatric Patients

Öz

Medical procedures such as phlebotomy and injections are the most important sources of pain for children. Pain causes children to be frightened of needles and this leads to unwillingness to medical procedures such as vaccine administration, injections and phlebotomy, even may result in neglect or delay in treatment and care. Thus, the nurse should be able to manage painful procedures to reduce emotional and physical effects of painful procedures and to avoid long-term results of pain in children. There are many different approaches to the treatment of procedural pain and anxiety of children during medical procedures, including pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. In recent years research focusing on nurses’ use of non-pharmacological methods for pain relief of children’s has increased. Present widely used non-pharmacological method for pain relief of children during painful medical procedures is distraction methods. Distraction is a nursing attempt focusing patient’s attention to any other stimulants to control and reduce pain better. The rationale for the pain-reducing effects of distraction hypothesized that the brain has a limited capacity of focusing attention on stimulation. In this article frequently used ditraction method will be discussed

Anahtar Kelimeler

Distraction methods, pain management, nursing, pediatric patient

Kaynakça

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