Civa Zehirlenmeleri

Year 2008, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 72 - 75, 01.12.2008

A. Barış Akcan Oğuz Dursun

Abstract

Civa Hg , ticari ve tıbbi olarak yüzyıllardır kullanılmaktadır. Civa toksitesi, tümdünyada büyüyen bir sağlık problemidir. Civa zehirlenmesinin tipi ve ciddiyeti,farklı farmakokinetik özellikleri nedeniyle civanın formuna ve maruziyet yolunabağlıdır. Civanın tüm kimyasal formları toksik bulgulara neden olabilir. Ciddi zehirlenmelerde sinir sistemi, böbrekler, solunum sistemi, immun sistem, ağız, diş vediş etleri ile cilt etkilenmektedir. Tanı, öykü, bulgu ve laboratuvar sonuçları ile konur. Bu derleme, civa toksitesini, civa toksitesine güncel yaklaşımları ve klinikbulgularını ele almaktadır

Keywords

Civa, Hg, toksisite

Toxicity of Mercury

Abstract

Mercury Hg has been used commercially and medically for centuries. Exposure to toxic mercury Hg is a growing health hazard throughout the worldtoday. Type and serious of mercury toxicity depends on the form of mercury andexposure way. All chemical forms of mercury can be toxic. In serıous toxicity ofmercury nervous system, kidneys, respiratory system, immune system, mouth,tooth and periodontal tissues, skin are effected. Diagnosis was made by thehelp of history, datas and laboratory results. This article reviews the toxicologyof mercury, current exposures and clinical manifestations

Keywords

Mercury, Hg, toxicity

References

• 1. ATSDR,1999. Toxicology Profile for mercury. Agency for toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
• 2. Bayrakc› B. Kronik zehirlenmeler. Katk› Pediatri Dergisi 2001; 22: 431-49.
• 3. Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al. 2003 Annual Report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers Toxic Exposure Surveillance System. Am J Emerg Med 2004; 22: 335-404.
• 4. Public Health Service. Dental amalgam: A scientific review and recommended Public Health Service strategy for research, education, and regulation. Public Health Service. January 1993.
• 5. Koyun M, Akman S, Güven AG. Mercury intoxication resulting from school barometers in three unrelated adolescents. Eur J Pediatr 2004; 163: 131-4.
• 6. Yossef MY, Berkovitch M, Goldman M. Mercury intoxication in a 2-year-old girl: a diagnostic challenge for the physician. Pediatr Nephrol 2007; 22: 903-6.
• 7. Amler S. Liquid mercury: A poisonous plaything. Comtemp Pediatr 2002;19: 37-56.
• 8. ATSDR, 2000. Toxicology Profile for Mercury. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta.
• 9. http://movies.commons.ucalgary.ca/showcasetv/mercury
• 10. Hendry WF, A’Hern RP, Cole PJ. Was Young’s syndrome caused by mercury exposure in childhood? BMJ 1993; 307: 1579-82.
• 11. Bernard S, Enayati A, Redwood L, Roger H , Binstock T. Autism: A novel form of mercury poisoning. Medical Hypotheses 2001; 56: 462-71.
• 12. Mutter J, Naumann J, Schneider R, Walach H, Haley B. Mercury and autism: accelerating evidence? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2005; 26: 439-46
• 13. Freitag CM. The genetics of autistic disorders and its clinical relevance: a review of the literature. Mol Psychiatry 2007; 12: 2-22.
• 14. Horowitz Y, Greenberg D, Ling G, Lifshitz M. Acrodynia: a case report of two siblings. Arch Dis Child 2002; 86: 453.
• 15. Nakayama H, Shono M, Hada S. Mercury exanthem. J Am Acad Dermatol 1984; 11: 137-9.
• 16. Fisher JF, Amler SN. Mercury exposure: Evalution and intervention the inapropriate use of chelating agents in the diagnosis and the treatment of putative mercury poisining. NeuroToxicology 2005; 26: 691-9.
• 17. Ngim CH, Foo SC, Boey KW, et al. Chronic neurobehavioral effects of elemental mercury in dentists. British Journal of Industrial Medicine 1992; 49: 782-90.
• 18. Liang YX, Sun RK, Chen ZQ, Li LH. Psychological effects of low exposure to mercury vapor: Application of computeradministered neurobehavioral evaluation system. Environmental Research 1993; 60: 320-7.
• 19. Langford NJ, Ferner R. Toxicity of mercury. Journal of Human Hypertension 1999; 13: 651-6.
• 20. The Karen Wetterhahn story- University of Bristol web page documenting her death, retrieved December 9th 2006.
• 21. Oken E, Wright RO, Kleinman KP, et al. Maternal Fish Consumption, Hair Mercury, and Infant Cognition in a U.S. Cohort. Environmental Health Perspectives 2005; 113: 1376-80.
• 22. T.C. Sa¤l›k Bakanl›¤›, RSHMB, H›fz›ss›hha Mektebi Müdürlü¤ü. Birinci Basama¤a Yönelik Zehirlenmeler Tan› ve Tedavi Rehberleri 2007 Sayfa: 227-32.
• 23. Fischbach FT. A manual of laboratory & diagnostic testing. 4th ed. Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott Company; 1992. p. 214-6.
• 24. Nielsen JB, Andersen O. Effect of four thiol-containing chelators on disposition of orally administered mercuric chloride. Hum Exp Toxicol 1991; 10: 423-30.
• 25. Lewis R. Occupational Exposures Metals. In: LaDou J, ed. Current Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 3rd edition, USA, McGraw-Hill Medical, 2003: 429-59.
• 26. Ellenhorn MJ. Metals and Related Compounds. In: Ellenhorn MJ, Schonwald S, Ordog G, Wasserberger J, eds. Ellenhorn’s Medical Toxicology, 2nd edition, Baltimore, Williams and Wilkins Publishing,1997: 1532-613.
• 27. Editorial Staff: Mercury, Organic, Inorganic, Metalic (Management / Treatment Protocol). In: Klasco RK(Ed): POISINDEX®System. Thomson Micromedex, Greenwood Village, Colorado (Vol 125, expires 9/2005).
• 28. Rowens B, Guerrero-Betancourt D, Gottlieb CA, Boyes RJ, Eichenhorn MS. Respiratory Failure and Death Following Acute Inhalation of Mercury Vapor. Chest 1991; 99: 185-90.
• 29. Kosnett MJ. Mercury. In: Olson KR, ed. Poisoning and Drug Overdose, 4th edition, New York, Lange Medical Boks / McGrawHill, 2004: 254-7.
• 30. Clarkson TW, Magos L, Myers GJ. The toxicology of mercury-Current exposures and clinical manifestations. N Engl J Med 2003; 349: 1731-7.
• 31. Mercury and vaccines (thimerosal). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved on 2007-08-03.
• 32. Strategic Advisory Group of Experts. Vaccines and biologicals: Recommendations from the Strategic Advisory Group of Experts. Wkly Epidemiol Rec 2002;77: 305-11.