5. Johnston CC, Miller JZ, Slemenda CW et al. Calcium supplemantation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:82-7.
6. Hartman C, Hochberg Z, Shamir R. Osteoporosis in Pediatrics. IMAJ 2003; 5;509-15.
7. Van der Sluis IM, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Osteoporosis in Childhood: Bone density of children in health and disease. J Ped Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:817-32.
8. Saggase G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S. Osteoporosis inchildren and adolescents; Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Prevention. J Ped Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:833-59.
9. Oral A. Osteoporozda patofizyoloji. In: Kutsal YG, editor. Osteoporoz, Modern T›p seminerleri, 2001. p. 1928-45.
10. Rauch F, Glorieux FH. Osteoporosis in children. In: Hendersson J and Goltzman, editors. The primer osteoporosis., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p.186-96.
11. Raine JE, Donaldson MDC, Gregory JW, Savage MO. Practical Endocrinology and Diabetes in Children. London: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2001. p. 154-60.
12. Kandemir N, Alikaflifo¤lu A, Özon A, Gönç N. Çocuk ve adolesan yafl grubunda osteoporoz ve endokrinolojik yönü. Çocuk Sa¤l›¤› ve Hastal›klar› Dergisi 2004; 47:64-8.
14. Carrie Fassler AL, Bonjour JP. Osteoporosis as a pediatric problem. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995; 42:811-24.
15. Bachrach LK. Osteoporosis and measurement of bone mass in children and adolesecents. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2005; 34:521-35.
16. Kutsal YG. Osteoporozda görüntüleme yöntemleri ve histomorfometri. In: Kutsal YG, editor. Osteoporoz. ‹stanbul: 1998. p. 81-103.
17. Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry for bone densitometry: current status and perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152:241-46.
18. Mazess RB, Barden H, Mautalen C, Vega E. Normalization of spine densitometry. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:541-8.
19. Khosla S, Kleerekoper M. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. In Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. Philedelphia: 1999. p.128-34.
20. Saggese G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Cinquanta L, DiNero G. Twenty-four-hour osteocalcin, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen rhythms in normal and growth-retarded children. Pediatr Res 1994; 35:409-15.
21. Gertz BJ, Clemens JD, Holland SD, Yuan W, Greenspan S. Application of a new serum assay for type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides: assessment of diurnal changes in bone turnover with and without alendronate treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 1998; 63:102-6.
22. Kruse K, Kracht U. Evaluation of serum osteocalcin as an index of altered bone metabolism. Eur J Pediatr 1986; 145:27-33.
23. Seibel MJ. Molecular markers of bone turnover: biochemical, tecnical and analytic aspects. Osteoporosis Int (suppl). 2000; 6:18-29.
24. Norman ME. Juvenil osteoporosis. In: Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. 3 ed. Philedelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. p. 275-8.
25. Landsmeer-Beker EA, Massa GG, Maaswinkel-Mooy PD, van de Kamp JJ, Papapoulos SE. Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta with the bisphosphonate olpadronate (dimethylaminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate). Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156:792-4.
26. Plotkin H, Rauch F, Bishop NJ, Montpetit K, Ruck-Gibis J, Travers R, Glorieux FH. Pamidronate treatment of severe osteogenesis imperfecta in children under 3 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1846-50.
27. Bas F. Çocuk ve adolesanlarda osteoporoz: Tedavi yaklafl›m›, prognoz ve korunma. 26. pediatri günleri ve 5. pediatri hemflireli¤i günleri, 20-22 Nisan 2004, ‹stanbul.
28. Slovik DM, Rosenthal DI, Doppelt SH, Potts JT Jr, Daly MA, Campbell JA, Neer RM. Restoration of spinal bone in osteoporotic men by treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D. J Bone Miner Res 1986; 1:377-81.
29. Reeve J, Meunier PJ, Parsons JA, Bernat M, Bijvoet OL, Courpron P, Edouard C, Klenerman L, Neer RM, Renier JC, Slovik D, Vismans FJ, Potts JT Jr. Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial. Br Med J 1980; 280:1340-4
Osteoporoz, düşük kemik kütlesi ve kemik dokusunda gelişen mikro-yapısal bozukluklara bağlı olarak kemik dayanıklılığında azalma ve nihayet kemik dokuda kırık riskinin artması ile karakterize bir iskelet sistemi hastalığıdır. Tablo 1'de osteoporotik kemiğin özellikleri gösterilmiştir. Raşitizm veya osteomalazide mineralizasyon bozukluğu ön planda iken osteoporozda bozulmuş mikro-mimari ve azalmış kemik kütlesi ön plandadır.
5. Johnston CC, Miller JZ, Slemenda CW et al. Calcium supplemantation and increases in bone mineral density in children. N Engl J Med 1992; 327:82-7.
6. Hartman C, Hochberg Z, Shamir R. Osteoporosis in Pediatrics. IMAJ 2003; 5;509-15.
7. Van der Sluis IM, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM. Osteoporosis in Childhood: Bone density of children in health and disease. J Ped Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:817-32.
8. Saggase G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S. Osteoporosis inchildren and adolescents; Diagnosis, Risk Factors, and Prevention. J Ped Endocrinol Metab 2001; 14:833-59.
9. Oral A. Osteoporozda patofizyoloji. In: Kutsal YG, editor. Osteoporoz, Modern T›p seminerleri, 2001. p. 1928-45.
10. Rauch F, Glorieux FH. Osteoporosis in children. In: Hendersson J and Goltzman, editors. The primer osteoporosis., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2000. p.186-96.
11. Raine JE, Donaldson MDC, Gregory JW, Savage MO. Practical Endocrinology and Diabetes in Children. London: Blackwell Science Ltd. 2001. p. 154-60.
12. Kandemir N, Alikaflifo¤lu A, Özon A, Gönç N. Çocuk ve adolesan yafl grubunda osteoporoz ve endokrinolojik yönü. Çocuk Sa¤l›¤› ve Hastal›klar› Dergisi 2004; 47:64-8.
14. Carrie Fassler AL, Bonjour JP. Osteoporosis as a pediatric problem. Pediatr Clin North Am 1995; 42:811-24.
15. Bachrach LK. Osteoporosis and measurement of bone mass in children and adolesecents. Endocrinol Metab Clin N Am. 2005; 34:521-35.
16. Kutsal YG. Osteoporozda görüntüleme yöntemleri ve histomorfometri. In: Kutsal YG, editor. Osteoporoz. ‹stanbul: 1998. p. 81-103.
17. Sartoris DJ, Resnick D. Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry for bone densitometry: current status and perspective. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1989; 152:241-46.
18. Mazess RB, Barden H, Mautalen C, Vega E. Normalization of spine densitometry. J Bone Miner Res 1994; 9:541-8.
19. Khosla S, Kleerekoper M. Biochemical markers of bone turnover. In Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. Philedelphia: 1999. p.128-34.
20. Saggese G, Baroncelli GI, Bertelloni S, Cinquanta L, DiNero G. Twenty-four-hour osteocalcin, carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen, and aminoterminal propeptide of type III procollagen rhythms in normal and growth-retarded children. Pediatr Res 1994; 35:409-15.
21. Gertz BJ, Clemens JD, Holland SD, Yuan W, Greenspan S. Application of a new serum assay for type I collagen cross-linked N-telopeptides: assessment of diurnal changes in bone turnover with and without alendronate treatment. Calcif Tissue Int 1998; 63:102-6.
22. Kruse K, Kracht U. Evaluation of serum osteocalcin as an index of altered bone metabolism. Eur J Pediatr 1986; 145:27-33.
23. Seibel MJ. Molecular markers of bone turnover: biochemical, tecnical and analytic aspects. Osteoporosis Int (suppl). 2000; 6:18-29.
24. Norman ME. Juvenil osteoporosis. In: Favus MJ, editor. Primer on the metabolic bone disease and disorders of mineral metabolism. 3 ed. Philedelphia: Lippincott-Raven; 1996. p. 275-8.
25. Landsmeer-Beker EA, Massa GG, Maaswinkel-Mooy PD, van de Kamp JJ, Papapoulos SE. Treatment of osteogenesis imperfecta with the bisphosphonate olpadronate (dimethylaminohydroxypropylidene bisphosphonate). Eur J Pediatr 1997; 156:792-4.
26. Plotkin H, Rauch F, Bishop NJ, Montpetit K, Ruck-Gibis J, Travers R, Glorieux FH. Pamidronate treatment of severe osteogenesis imperfecta in children under 3 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85:1846-50.
27. Bas F. Çocuk ve adolesanlarda osteoporoz: Tedavi yaklafl›m›, prognoz ve korunma. 26. pediatri günleri ve 5. pediatri hemflireli¤i günleri, 20-22 Nisan 2004, ‹stanbul.
28. Slovik DM, Rosenthal DI, Doppelt SH, Potts JT Jr, Daly MA, Campbell JA, Neer RM. Restoration of spinal bone in osteoporotic men by treatment with human parathyroid hormone (1-34) and 1,25- dihydroxyvitamin D. J Bone Miner Res 1986; 1:377-81.
29. Reeve J, Meunier PJ, Parsons JA, Bernat M, Bijvoet OL, Courpron P, Edouard C, Klenerman L, Neer RM, Renier JC, Slovik D, Vismans FJ, Potts JT Jr. Anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone fragment on trabecular bone in involutional osteoporosis: a multicentre trial. Br Med J 1980; 280:1340-4