Research Article

The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye

Volume: 9 Number: 1 March 26, 2025
EN TR

The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye

Abstract

Middle-income countries with low or moderate growth rates experience much more volatility in their growth rates than high-income countries. The achievement of high-income levels depends on relatively high rates of stable economic growth. The objective of this study is to estimate whether Türkiye, which is in the upper-middle income country group, is in the middle-income trap or not by utilizing annual data for the period spanning from 1960 to 2022. For this aim, Robertson and Ye (2013) approach was adopted for the empirical analysis. In the analysis, the stationarity test of the GDP series is implemented by RALS-LM and RALS-ADF and Fourier-based Fourier KPSS, Fourier ADF, and Fourier GLS unit root tests. The results of the unit root test indicate that Türkiye is not in a middle-income trap. For years, Türkiye has been considered an upper-middle-income country, though its economic evolution rates shift from year to year. Such fluctuations can destabilize the economy and hinder the pursuit of sustainable growth. To tackle these difficulties, Türkiye needs to address its economic vulnerabilities and strengthen its economic resilience. In this regard, prioritizing high value-added sectors and increasing investments in them can lead to more stable and sustainable economic evolution.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Yoktur.

Ethical Statement

Yoktur.

References

  1. Ada, A.; Acaroğlu, H. (2016). An Empirical Remark About Middle Income Trap Problem for Turkey. Research Journal of Politics, Economics and Management. 4(3), 81-95.
  2. Alancıoğlu, E.; Arslan, İ.; Bayraktutan, Y. (2019a). Orta Gelir Tuzağı, Nedenleri ve Çıkış Politikaları. Akademik Araştırmalar ve Çalışmalar Dergisi, 11(21), 472-486.
  3. Alancıoğlu, E.; Arslan, İ.; Bayraktutan, Y. (2019b). Orta Gelir Tuzağının Belirleyicileri: Yükselen Ekonomiler Üzerine Bir Analiz. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences, 18(4), 1489-1500.
  4. Alkan, H.I.; Ümit, Ö. (2018). Orta Gelir Tuzağının Türkiye Açısından İncelenmesi Ve Tuzaktan Çıkış Stratejileri. Manas Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi. 7(4), 97-112.
  5. Ay, A.; Akar, G.; Akar, T. (2016). Middle Income Trap: A Comparison Between BRICS Countries and Turkey. Economic and Environmental Studies. 16(2), 279-301.
  6. Ballı, E.; Manga, M.; Güreşçi, G. (2019). Orta Gelir Tuzağı: Türkiye Üzerine Ampirik Bir Analiz. Dumlupınar Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, (59), 48-60.
  7. Becker, R.; Enders, W.; Lee, J. (2006). A Stationarity Test in the Presence of an Unknown Number of Smooth Breaks. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 27(3), 381-409.
  8. Bozkurt, E.; Bedir, S.; Özdemir, D.; Çakmak, E. (2014). Orta Gelir Tuzağı Ve Türkiye Örneği. Maliye Dergisi, 167, 22-39.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Development Economics - Macro

Journal Section

Research Article

Early Pub Date

March 24, 2025

Publication Date

March 26, 2025

Submission Date

July 19, 2024

Acceptance Date

December 27, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2025 Volume: 9 Number: 1

APA
Alancıoğlu, E. (2025). The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 9(1), 43-54. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1519043
AMA
1.Alancıoğlu E. The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2025;9(1):43-54. doi:10.30586/pek.1519043
Chicago
Alancıoğlu, Erdal. 2025. “The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 9 (1): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1519043.
EndNote
Alancıoğlu E (March 1, 2025) The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 9 1 43–54.
IEEE
[1]E. Alancıoğlu, “The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye”, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 43–54, Mar. 2025, doi: 10.30586/pek.1519043.
ISNAD
Alancıoğlu, Erdal. “The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 9/1 (March 1, 2025): 43-54. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1519043.
JAMA
1.Alancıoğlu E. The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2025;9:43–54.
MLA
Alancıoğlu, Erdal. “The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 9, no. 1, Mar. 2025, pp. 43-54, doi:10.30586/pek.1519043.
Vancouver
1.Erdal Alancıoğlu. The Middle-Income Trap: An Analysis on Turkiye. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2025 Mar. 1;9(1):43-54. doi:10.30586/pek.1519043

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.