Associating Digital Transformation, Financial Structures and Ecological Factors in Turkic Republics and EU Founding Countries: Performance Evaluation in terms of Sustainable Development

Abstract

The use of natural resources and environmental degradation, which began with the Industrial Revolution, has reached new dimensions with the shift to technological innovation and the digital economy. Ensuring the sustainability of natural resources has become a global priority due to the increasing demand for raw materials. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), introduced by the United Nations in 2015, represent a universal call to end poverty, protect the planet, ensure ecological balance, and promote peace and prosperity for all by 2030. This study examines the relationship between digital transformation, financial structures, and ecological factors in the sustainable development processes of EU founding countries and Turkic Republics. By using data from 2010 to 2023, a Malmquist Productivity (MI) analysis was conducted with inputs (R&D expenditures, net domestic credit utilization, annual precipitation, and internet usage rate) and outputs (net national savings, labor force, energy use, and GDP). The results show that Turkey, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg achieved increased total factor productivity in sustainable development. However, Kazakhstan and Italy recorded efficiency scores below the threshold of "1," indicating a decline in total factor productivity performance.

Keywords

• Sustainable Development
• Digital transformation
• Ecological Threat
• Malmquist Index.

Türki Cumhuriyetler ve AB Kurucu Ülkelerinde Dijital Dönüşüm, Finansal Yapılar ve Ekolojik Etkenlerin İlişkilendirilmesi: Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Açısından Performans Değerlendirmesi

Abstract

Sanayi Devrimi ile birlikte artan doğal kaynak kullanımı ve doğa tahribatı, teknolojik inovasyon ve dijital ekonomiye geçişle çok daha farklı boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Hammaddeye yönelik yoğun talep karşısında, doğal kaynakların sürdürülebilirliğini güvence altına almak günümüzde tüm dünya ülkelerinin öncelikli gündemi haline gelmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Birleşmiş Milletler tarafından Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri (SKH) isimli evrensel bir eylem çağrısı yapılmıştır. 2015’te yapılan bu çağrı ile 2030 yılına kadar çevresel dengeyi sağlayıp dünyayı iklim değişikliğinden korumak ve gelir adaleti ile yoksulluğu sona erdirerek dünya ülkelerinde barışın ve refahın teminini sağlamak hedeflenmiştir. Bu hedefler, sürdürülebilirlik alanında atılan önemli bir adımı temsil etmektedir. Bu çerçevede hazırlanan bu çalışma AB kurucu ülkeleri ve Türki Cumhuriyetlerde sürdürülebilir kalkınma sürecinin dijital dönüşüm, finansal yapılar ve ekolojik etkenler arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Çalışmada 2010-2023 yıllarına ait girdiler (araştırma ve geliştirme harcamaları, net yurtiçi kredi kullanım oranı, yıllık ortalama yağış oranı ve internet kullanan bireylerin oranı) ve çıktılardan (net ulusal tasarruflar, toplam işgücü, enerji kullanımı ve GSMH) oluşan değişkenler kullanılarak Malmquist Verimlilik (MI) analizi yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda Türkiye, Tacikistan Kırgızistan, Özbekistan, Hollanda ve Lüksemburg sürdürülebilir kalkınmada toplam faktör verimliliği artan ülkeler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan analize katılan ülkelerden Kazakistan ve İtalya’nın toplam faktör verimliliği “1” skorunun altında hesaplanmıştır.

Keywords

• Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma
• Dijital dönüşüm
• Ekolojik Tehdit
• Malmquist İndeksi.

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