Merkantilist Düşüncenin Günahı Ne? Uluslararası Politik Ekonomide Kurumsallaşma

Abstract

Uluslararası Politik Ekonominin üç temel yaklaşımı olan Merkantilizm, Liberalizm ve Marksizm, birbirlerinden farklı oldukları gibi tarih içinde kendi içlerinde de zamana ve mekâna göre farklılık göstermiştir. Kapitalizmin çeşitleri literatürü gerek Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi gerekse de Karşılaştırmalı Kapitalizm literatüründe önemli yer tutmaktadır ki bu durum Liberalizmin temel prensipleri ortak olmakla birlikte esasında farklı uygulamalar bütünü olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Benzer şekilde Marksizm de kendi içerisinde sınıf çatışmasını temel almakla birlikte farklı fraksiyonları barındırmaktadır. Merkantilizm de aynı şekilde neredeyse üç asır boyunca birbirinden farklı uygulamaların olduğu ama temelinde güç ve korumacılığın yattığı ilk politik ekonomi modelidir. Ancak buna rağmen Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi literatüründe sadece Merkantilizmin farklı uygulamalar bütünü olduğuna dair yaygın görüş bulunmaktadır. Bu noktadan hareketle bu çalışmada Uluslararası Politik Ekonomideki üç temel yaklaşımın hepsinin farklı türleri bulunmakla birlikte neden sadece Merkantilizmin çatı kavram olarak görüldüğü sorunsalı tartışılacaktır. Çalışmanın temel argümanı Merkantilizmin bir fikir olarak kurumsallaşamamasından dolayı bütünlük gösteremediği olacaktır. Kurumsallaşma tartışması da çıkar, güç ve bilgi iletişimi parametreleriyle gerçekleştirilecektir.

Keywords

• Merkantilizm
• Uluslararası Politik Ekonomi
• Epistemik Topluluklar

The Shortcomings of Mercantilist Thought: Institutionalization in International Political Economy

Abstract

The three mainstream approaches in International Political Economy, namely Mercantilism, Liberalism, and Marxism, have shown variations not only from each other but also within themselves over time and space. The varieties of capitalism literature hold a significant place in both International Political Economy and Comparative Capitalism literature, a situation that reveals that while the fundamental principles of Liberalism are shared, it essentially comprises a collection of different applications. Similarly, Marxism, which is based on class conflict, also encompasses different factions within itself. Mercantilism, the first political economic model based on power and protectionism, was also implemented in different ways over nearly three centuries. Despite this, there is a widespread view in the International Political Economy literature that Mercantilism is merely a set of different practices. From this point of view, this study will discuss the question of why, despite the existence of different types within all three mainstream approaches in International Political Economy, only Mercantilism is considered an umbrella concept. The main argument of the study will be that Mercantilism is unable to show integrity due to a lack of institutionalization as an idea.

Keywords

• Mercantilism
• International Political Economy
• Epistemic Communities

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