Research Article

The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs

Volume: 10 Number: 2 June 25, 2026
EN TR

The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs

Abstract

This study is motivated by the persistent nature of food inflation in Türkiye, driven by exchange rate volatility and dependence on imported inputs, as well as the tendency of the existing literature to address these dynamics mostly within a linear framework. The analysis explores the long-term relationships, nonlinear structures, and time–frequency co-movements between the Food Producer Price Index (Food PPI), Agricultural Input Price Index (GFE), and exchange rates (USD/TRY, EUR/TRY). Monthly data covering the 2015:01–2025:05 period are used; the relevant series are seasonally adjusted and logarithmically transformed. Methodologically, the study applies the LR and Hansen (1999) tests to detect nonlinearity, while the Harvey–Mills (2002) and Kapetanios–Shin–Snell (2003) tests are employed to determine integration orders. The Fourier cointegration test examines long-term relationships; DOLS estimates capture the degree of exchange rate pass-through; and Wavelet Coherence (WTC) analysis reveals time–frequency interactions. The findings indicate that the Food PPI and exchange rates are I(1), while the GFE is I(2). Hence, cointegration analysis includes only exchange rates as explanatory variables. DOLS estimates the pass-through coefficients as 1.13 (USD) and 1.14 (EUR). WTC results highlight strong synchronization (→) and occasional exchange rate and GFE leadership (↗/↘), particularly after 2018. Structural breaks identified by the HM test align with exchange rate shocks (2016–2019), the 2020 pandemic, and post-2022 energy price surges. The study provides an original contribution by combining nonlinear tests, Fourier, and WTC analyses to examine the food PPI–exchange rate nexus in Türkiye.

Keywords

Supporting Institution

None

Ethical Statement

None

Thanks

None

References

  1. Anderl, C., & Caporale, G. M. (2025). Global food prices and inflation. CESifo Working Paper No. 10992. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4756074
  2. Abbott, P. C., Hurt, C., & Tyner, W. E. (2009). What's driving food prices? Farm Foundation No. 48495.
  3. Aguiar-Conraria, L., & Soares, M. J. (2011). Oil and the macroeconomy: using wavelets to analyze old issues. Empirical economics, 40(3), 645-655.
  4. Baek, J., & Koo, W. W. (2010). Analyzing factors affecting US food price inflation. Canadian Journal of Agricultural Economics/Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie, 58(3), 303-320.
  5. Baskaya, Y. S., Gurgur, T., & Ogunc, F. (2008). Islenmis Gida Fiyatlarini Belirleyen Faktorler, Working Papers 0809, Research and Monetary Policy Department, Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.
  6. Bayramoğlu, Z., Doğan, H. G., & Candemir, S. (2025). Türkiye'de Makro Ekonomik Değişkenlerin Tarımsal Üretim Üzerine Etkisi. International Congresses of Turkish Science and Technology Publishing, 583-589.
  7. Bilgili, F., Kuşkaya, S., Gençoğlu, P., Ünlü, F., & Magazzino, C. (2024). Exchange rate pass-through at high and low frequencies in Turkey: a continuous wavelet transform model approach. Journal of Economic Structures, 13(1), 21.
  8. Bor, Ö., & Sakarya, B. (2026). Nonlinear trends in energy and agriculture price links: a Fourier-based time series analysis. Agricultural and Resource Economics Review, 1-21.

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Econometrics Theory, Macroeconomic Theory, Monetary Policy

Journal Section

Research Article

Publication Date

June 25, 2026

Submission Date

October 13, 2025

Acceptance Date

May 16, 2026

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 10 Number: 2

APA
Koç, H. (2026). The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, 10(2), 550-569. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1802695
AMA
1.Koç H. The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026;10(2):550-569. doi:10.30586/pek.1802695
Chicago
Koç, Havva. 2026. “The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: A Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10 (2): 550-69. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1802695.
EndNote
Koç H (June 1, 2026) The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10 2 550–569.
IEEE
[1]H. Koç, “The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs”, Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 550–569, June 2026, doi: 10.30586/pek.1802695.
ISNAD
Koç, Havva. “The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: A Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram 10/2 (June 1, 2026): 550-569. https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.1802695.
JAMA
1.Koç H. The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026;10:550–569.
MLA
Koç, Havva. “The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: A Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs”. Politik Ekonomik Kuram, vol. 10, no. 2, June 2026, pp. 550-69, doi:10.30586/pek.1802695.
Vancouver
1.Havva Koç. The Dynamics of Producer Food Prices: a Fourier–Wavelet Analysis of Exchange Rates and Agricultural Inputs. Politik Ekonomik Kuram. 2026 Jun. 1;10(2):550-69. doi:10.30586/pek.1802695

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.