“Çin Mucizesi”nin Bir Çıkmazı: Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler

Yıl 2019, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 151 - 176, 31.12.2019

Meryem Nergis Ataçay

https://doi.org/10.30586/pek.657670

Öz

Çin, 1970’lerin sonunda reform dönemine girdikten sonra kaydettiği ekonomik büyüme ve ekonominin dışa açılması performansıyla bütün dünyanın ilgisini çekmiştir. Öte yandan Çin’deki eşitsizlikler bu kalkınma sürecinde çözülemeyen önemli sorunlar arasında yer almaktadır. Pek çok eşitsizlik türünün yanında, bu yazının esas konusu olan bölgesel eşitsizlikler, Çin’in kırk yıllık reform sürecinde ortadan kaldırılamamıştır. Çin kadar büyük bir ülkede, bölgesel eşitsizliklerde coğrafi farklılıkların rolü olsa da, temel neden reform döneminin başından itibaren Çin hükümetinin kalkınmada doğu bölgesine öncelik verme stratejisidir. Bu strateji kaynağını reform döneminin başlamasıyla Çin’de uygulamaya konulan neoliberal politikalar ve küresel ekonominin kurallarından almaktadır. Çin’deki eşitsizlikler ekonomik, toplumsal ve siyasi istikrarı tehdit etmesi nedeniyle, 1990’ların sonundan itibaren Çin hükümeti çeşitli önlemler almaya başlamıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Bölgesel Eşitsizlikler, Çin, Kalkınma, Reform

An Impasse of the “Chinese Miracle”: Regional Inequalities

Öz

China has attracted the attention of the whole world with its economic growth and performance on opening the economy since it entered the reform period at the end of the 1970s. On the other hand, inequalities in China are among the important problems which have not been solved during this development process. In addition to many other types of inequalities, regional inequalities that are the main issue of this paper, have not been eliminated during the forty year reform process. Although geographical differences play a role in regional inequalities in a country as large as China, main reason has been Chinese government’s strategy of giving priority to the eastern region in development. This strategy stems from the neoliberal policies and rules of global economy which entered China as the reform period began. As inequalities in China reached the levels of threatening economic, social and political stability, Chinese government have taken some measures since the end of the 1990s.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Regional Inequalities, China, Development, Reform

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