Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance

Abdur Rahman; Izzanil Hidayati; Rifdha Wahyuni; Rizal Kurniawan; Riva Nadia Putri

doi:10.17275/per.24.73.11.5

EN

Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance

Abstract

The objective of this study is to examine the influence and the role of social acceptance and self-esteem on problematic internet use among adolescents in Padang, Indonesia. A cross-sectional study design was used in this study, with a convenience sampling technique involving 668 participants (259 males and 409 females) from twenty-one junior high schools and senior high schools. The data collection instruments that have been used in this study are the Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2, the Self-Esteem Scale, and Social Acceptance scale. The data collected from the adolescents was then analyzed in a quantitative and descriptive method. Descriptive analysis included the collection of general demographic data, quantitative analysis using correlation analysis statistics to ascertain relationships between variables, and evaluation of influence and mediation effects between research variables using SEM (Structural Equation Model). The findings of the research indicate a significant negative correlation between self-esteem and problematic internet use, as well as between social acceptance and problematic internet use. Furthermore, it was discovered that problematic internet use behavior is partially mediated by social acceptance and self-esteem. In conclusion, self-esteem and social acceptance demonstrate a significant relationship and can predict problematic internet use among adolescents in Padang city, Indonesia. The results and findings of the research lead to recommendations and suggestions regarding the prevention and reduction of Problematic Internet Use among adolescents.

Keywords

problematic internet use, self-esteem, social acceptance, adolescent, school

Project Number

049/LL10/PG.AK/2023

Thanks

The Directorate General of Higher Education, Research, and Technology; Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia (Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Tinggi, Riset dan Teknologi, Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia); fiscal year 2023, is warmly acknowledged for financing this research. This is a Beginner Lecturer Research Scheme, decree 0535/E5/PG.02.00/2023, contract number 049/LL10/PG.AK/2023, and 005/STIKES-SS/PPM/VII/2023.

References

Anderson, E. L., Steen, E., & Stavropoulos, V. (2017). Internet use and Problematic Internet Use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 22(4), 430–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2016.1227716
APJJI. (2023). APJII Survei Penetrasi dan Perilaku Internet 2023. Association of Indonesian Internet Service Providers (APJII). https://apjii.or.id/survei
Assunção, R. S., & Matos, P. M. (2017). The Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale 2: Validation and test of the model to Facebook use. Journal of Adolescence, 54(1), 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.11.007
Ballen, C. J., & Salehi, S. (2021). Mediation Analysis in Discipline-Based Education Research Using Structural Equation Modeling: Beyond “What Works” to Understand How It Works, and for Whom. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00108-21
Bener, A., & Bhugra, D. (2013). Lifestyle and Depressive Risk Factors Associated With Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents in an Arabian Gulf Culture. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 7(4), 236–242. https://doi.org/10.1097/ADM.0b013e3182926b1f
Bener, A., Yildirim, E., Torun, P., Çatan, F., Bolat, E., Alıç, S., Akyel, S., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). Internet Addiction, Fatigue, and Sleep Problems Among Adolescent Students: a Large-Scale Study. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 959–969. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9937-1
Błachnio, A., Przepiorka, A., Benvenuti, M., Mazzoni, E., & Seidman, G. (2019). Relations Between Facebook Intrusion, Internet Addiction, Life Satisfaction, and Self-Esteem: a Study in Italy and the USA. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(4), 793–805. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-0038-y
Borah, P. (2017). Emerging communication technology research: Theoretical and methodological variables in the last 16 years and future directions. New Media & Society, 19(4), 616–636. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444815621512
Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic Internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(5), 1089–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012
Cash, H., D. Rae, C., H. Steel, A., & Winkler, A. (2012). Internet Addiction: A Brief Summary of Research and Practice. Current Psychiatry Reviews, 8(4), 292–298. https://doi.org/10.2174/157340012803520513

Chemnad, K., Aziz, M., Abdelmoneium, A. O., Al-Harahsheh, S., Baghdady, A., Al Motawaa, F. Y., Alsayed Hassan, D., & Ali, R. (2023). Adolescents’ Internet addiction: Does it all begin with their environment? Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 17(1), 87. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13034-023-00626-7
Cingel, D. P., Carter, M. C., & Krause, H.-V. (2022). Social media and self-esteem. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2022.101304
Clements, J. A., & Boyle, R. (2018). Compulsive technology use: Compulsive use of mobile applications. Computers in Human Behavior, 87, 34–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.05.018
Danner, D., Hagemann, D., & Fiedler, K. (2015). Mediation analysis with structural equation models: Combining theory, design, and statistics. European Journal of Social Psychology, 45(4), 460–481. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2106
Data Pokok Pendidikan. (2023). Kementerian Pendidikan, Kebudayaan, Riset Dan Teknologi. https://dapo.kemdikbud.go.id/pd/2/086100
Faizi, N., & Alvi, Y. (2023). Correlation. Biostatistics Manual for Health Research, 109–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-443-18550-2.00002-5
Gámez-Guadix, M. (2014). Depressive Symptoms and Problematic Internet Use Among Adolescents: Analysis of the Longitudinal Relationships from the Cognitive–Behavioral Model. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 17(11), 714–719. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0226
Gioia, F., Rega, V., & Boursier, V. (2021). Problematic Internet Use and Emotional Dysregulation Among Young People: A Literature Review. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 18(1), 41–54. https://doi.org/10.36131/cnfioritieditore20210104
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
JASP Team. (2023). JASP (Version 0.18.0)[Computer software]. https://jasp-stats.org/
Kim, H.-J., Min, J.-Y., Min, K.-B., Lee, T.-J., & Yoo, S. (2018). Relationship among family environment, self-control, friendship quality, and adolescents’ smartphone addiction in South Korea: Findings from nationwide data. PLOS ONE, 13(2), e0190896. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0190896
Kircaburun, K., Demetrovics, Z., & Tosuntaş, Ş. B. (2019). Analyzing the Links Between Problematic Social Media Use, Dark Triad Traits, and Self-esteem. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 17(6), 1496–1507. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-018-9900-1
Koçak, Ç. V. (2018). How does regular exercise affect internet addiction level in university students? Physical Education of Students, 23(4), 186–190. https://doi.org/10.15561/20755279.2019.0404
Koronczai, B., Kökönyei, G., Urbán, R., Kun, B., Pápay, O., Nagygyörgy, K., Griffiths, M. D., & Demetrovics, Z. (2013). The mediating effect of self-esteem, depression and anxiety between satisfaction with body appearance and problematic internet use. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 39(4), 259–265. https://doi.org/10.3109/00952990.2013.803111
Lavrinenko, S. V., Arpentieva, M. R., & Kassymova, G. K. (2019). The negative impact of the internet on the educational process. 020034. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5120671
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in Internet addiction among Chinese youth: A review of English- and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004
Luthfia, A., Triputra, P., & . H. (2019). Indonesian Adolescents’ Online Opportunities and Risks. Jurnal ASPIKOM, 4(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.24329/aspikom.v4i1.445
Malak, M. Z., Shuhaiber, A. H., Alsswey, A., & Tarawneh, A. (2023). Social support as the mediator for the relationship between internet gaming disorder and psychological problems among university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 164, 243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2023.06.007
Mamun, M. A., Hossain, M. S., Moonajilin, M. S., Masud, M. T., Misti, J. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2020). Does loneliness, self‐esteem and psychological distress correlate with problematic internet use? A Bangladeshi survey study. Asia-Pacific Psychiatry, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/appy.12386
Mathew, P., & Krishnan, R. (2020). Impact of problematic internet use on the self-esteem of adolescents in the selected school, Kerala, India. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 34(3), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.02.008
Mcdonald, N. (2018, January 30). Digital In 2018: World’s Internet Users Pass The 4 Billion Mark. We Are Social Inc. https://wearesocial.com/us/blog/2018/01/global-digital-report-2018/
Morrison, C. M., & Gore, H. (2010). The Relationship between Excessive Internet Use and Depression: A Questionnaire-Based Study of 1,319 Young People and Adults. Psychopathology, 43(2), 121–126. https://doi.org/10.1159/000277001
Pan, Y.-C., Chiu, Y.-C., & Lin, Y.-H. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology of internet addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 612–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.013
Park, M. S.-A., Golden, K. J., Vizcaino-Vickers, S., Jidong, D., & Raj, S. (2021). Sociocultural values, attitudes and risk factors associated with adolescent cyberbullying in East Asia: A systematic review. Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 15(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.5817/CP2021-1-5
Park, S., Kang, M., & Kim, E. (2014). Social relationship on problematic Internet use (PIU) among adolescents in South Korea: A moderated mediation model of self-esteem and self-control. Computers in Human Behavior, 38, 349–357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.06.005
Perry-Parrish, C., Webb, L., Zeman, J., Spencer, S., Malone, C., Borowski, S., Reynolds, E., Hankinson, J., Specht, M., & Ostrander, R. (2017). Anger Regulation and Social Acceptance in Early Adolescence. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 37(4), 475–501. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431615611255
Pratiwi, R., & Afiatin, T. (2021). Peranan mediasi orang tua terhadap kecanduan internet pada remaja: Harga diri sebagai mediator. Jurnal Psikologi Sosial, 19(1), 69–75. https://doi.org/10.7454/jps.2021.08
R Core Team. (2022). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. In R Foundation for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. https://www.r-project.org
Revelle, W. (2019). Psych: Procedures for Psychological, Psychometric, and Personality Research R Package Version 1.9.12. In Northwestern University. Northwestern University. https://cran.r-project.org/package=psych
Rose, E., Hands, B., & Larkin, D. (2012). Reliability and validity of the self‐perception profile for adolescents: An Australian sample. Australian Journal of Psychology, 64(2), 92–99. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-9536.2011.00031.x
Rosenberg, M. (1965a). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Measures Package, 61(52), 18. https://doi.org/https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/t01038-000
Rosenberg, M. (1965b). Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400876136
Schmuck, D., Karsay, K., Matthes, J., & Stevic, A. (2019). “Looking Up and Feeling Down”. The influence of mobile social networking site use on upward social comparison, self-esteem, and well-being of adult smartphone users. Telematics and Informatics, 42, 101240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2019.101240
Sertbaş, K., Çutuk, S., Soyer, F., Akkuş, Ç., & Aydoğan, R. (2020). Mediating role of emotion regulation difficulties in the relationship between social anxiety and problematic internet use. Psihologija, 53(3), 291–305. https://doi.org/10.2298/PSI190730013S
Shoemaker Brino, K. A., Derouin, A. L., & Silva, S. G. (2022). Problematic internet use in adolescents and implementation of a social media hygiene protocol. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 63, 84–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.10.011
Stover, J. B., Fernández Liporace, M. M., & Castro Solarno, A. (2023). Escala de Uso Problemático Generalizado del Internet 2: adaptación para adultos de Buenos Aires. Revista de Psicología, 41(2), 1127–1151. https://doi.org/10.18800/psico.202302.017
Szcześniak, M., Bajkowska, I., Czaprowska, A., & Sileńska, A. (2022). Adolescents’ Self-Esteem and Life Satisfaction: Communication with Peers as a Mediator. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(7), 3777. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19073777
Taylor, J. C. (2019). Childhood experiences of domestic violence and adult outcomes. In Intimate Partner Violence. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315169842-11
Taylor, S. H., Zhao, P., & Bazarova, N. N. (2022). Social media and close relationships: a puzzle of connection and disconnection. Current Opinion in Psychology, 45, 101292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.12.004
Tóth‐Király, I., Morin, A. J. S., Hietajärvi, L., & Salmela‐Aro, K. (2021). Longitudinal Trajectories, Social and Individual Antecedents, and Outcomes of Problematic Internet Use Among Late Adolescents. Child Development, 92(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13525
Truzoli, R., Pirola, V., Celebre, L., Piccoli, E., Vanzetto, S., Conti, D., Fasciana, F., & Casazza, G. (2021). Intrapersonal and Social Factors for Problematic Internet Use among Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Psychiatria Danubina, 33(Suppl 10), 144–154. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34672289
Tunc-Aksan, A., & Akbay, S. E. (2019). Smartphone Addiction, Fear of Missing Out, and Perceived Competence as Predictors of Social Media Addiction of Adolescents. European Journal of Educational Research, volume-8-2(volume8-issue2.html), 559–569. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.8.2.559
Vally, Z., Laconi, S., & Kaliszewska-Czeremska, K. (2020). Problematic Internet Use, Psychopathology, Defense Mechanisms, and Coping Strategies: a Cross-Sectional Study from the United Arab Emirates. Psychiatric Quarterly, 91(2), 587–602. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11126-020-09719-4
van Dijk, R., van der Valk, I. E., Vossen, H. G. M., Branje, S., & Deković, M. (2021). Problematic Internet Use in Adolescents from Divorced Families: The Role of Family Factors and Adolescents’ Self-Esteem. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3385. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18073385
Winstone, L., Mars, B., Haworth, C. M. A., & Kidger, J. (2021). Social media use and social connectedness among adolescents in the United Kingdom: a qualitative exploration of displacement and stimulation. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 1736. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11802-9
Yücens, B., & Üzer, A. (2018). The relationship between internet addiction, social anxiety, impulsivity, self-esteem, and depression in a sample of Turkish undergraduate medical students. Psychiatry Research, 267, 313–318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.06.033
Zeng, G., Zhang, L., Fung, S., Li, J., Liu, Y.-M., Xiong, Z.-K., Jiang, Z.-Q., Zhu, F.-F., Chen, Z.-T., Luo, S.-D., Yu, P., & Huang, Q. (2021). Problematic Internet Usage and Self-Esteem in Chinese Undergraduate Students: The Mediation Effects of Individual Affect and Relationship Satisfaction. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 6949. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18136949

Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Educational Psychology

Journal Section

Research Article

Authors

Abdur Rahman
0009-0003-9994-895X
Indonesia

Izzanil Hidayati ^*
0000-0002-5936-5528
Indonesia

Rifdha Wahyuni
0009-0007-6985-6519
Indonesia

Rizal Kurniawan
0000-0003-0126-0560
Indonesia

Riva Nadia Putri
0009-0003-8751-1195
Indonesia

Early Pub Date

September 11, 2024

Publication Date

September 12, 2024

Submission Date

December 10, 2023

Acceptance Date

September 3, 2024

Published in Issue

Year 2024 Volume: 11 Number: 5

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.73.11.5

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA23FY84ZZ

APA

Rahman, A., Hidayati, I., Wahyuni, R., Kurniawan, R., & Putri, R. N. (2024). Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance. Participatory Educational Research, 11(5), 244-257. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.73.11.5

AMA

1.Rahman A, Hidayati I, Wahyuni R, Kurniawan R, Putri RN. Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance. PER. 2024;11(5):244-257. doi:10.17275/per.24.73.11.5

Chicago

Rahman, Abdur, Izzanil Hidayati, Rifdha Wahyuni, Rizal Kurniawan, and Riva Nadia Putri. 2024. “Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance”. Participatory Educational Research 11 (5): 244-57. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.73.11.5.

EndNote

Rahman A, Hidayati I, Wahyuni R, Kurniawan R, Putri RN (September 1, 2024) Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance. Participatory Educational Research 11 5 244–257.

IEEE

[1]A. Rahman, I. Hidayati, R. Wahyuni, R. Kurniawan, and R. N. Putri, “Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance”, PER, vol. 11, no. 5, pp. 244–257, Sept. 2024, doi: 10.17275/per.24.73.11.5.

ISNAD

Rahman, Abdur - Hidayati, Izzanil - Wahyuni, Rifdha - Kurniawan, Rizal - Putri, Riva Nadia. “Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance”. Participatory Educational Research 11/5 (September 1, 2024): 244-257. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.24.73.11.5.

JAMA

1.Rahman A, Hidayati I, Wahyuni R, Kurniawan R, Putri RN. Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance. PER. 2024;11:244–257.

MLA

Rahman, Abdur, et al. “Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance”. Participatory Educational Research, vol. 11, no. 5, Sept. 2024, pp. 244-57, doi:10.17275/per.24.73.11.5.

Vancouver

1.Abdur Rahman, Izzanil Hidayati, Rifdha Wahyuni, Rizal Kurniawan, Riva Nadia Putri. Problematic Internet Use at Junior and High School in Padang, Indonesia: The Interplay of Self-Esteem and Social Acceptance. PER. 2024 Sep. 1;11(5):244-57. doi:10.17275/per.24.73.11.5

Cited By

Performance Assessment of Machine Learning and Transformer Models for Indonesian Multi-Label Hate Speech Detection

Infolitika Journal of Data Science

https://doi.org/10.60084/ijds.v2i2.235

Problematic internet use and its relationship with motor proficiency among adolescents participating in extracurricular sports (a comparative study of Indonesia and Latvia)

Frontiers in Education

https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2026.1755129

Problematic Internet Use: The Influence of Self-Esteem, Emotion Regulation, and Social Support in University Students

Edu Consilium : Jurnal Bimbingan dan Konseling Pendidikan Islam

https://doi.org/10.19105/ec.v7i1.22760

27707

Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 International Lisance

download?token=eyJhdXRoX3JvbGVzIjpbXSwiZW5kcG9pbnQiOiJqb3VybmFsIiwib3JpZ2luYWxuYW1lIjoicGVyIHNjb3B1cyBpc3RhdHRpc3Rpay5wbmciLCJwYXRoIjoiOTg5Ni9mN2E1LzU3ZDcvNmEyMmIyZmFlMGJkYjYuMDUyNjIyMDMucG5nIiwiZXhwIjoxNzgwNjYyNTM5LCJub25jZSI6IjcxYzczMjhhOTdkOWYxM2ExZjE2NWExYjQyMzMyOWJhIn0.g4uvJoi6Oy8W0gRoUNW-d5FO9m4u30pEA0l1h8DwzSE