Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development

Asep Nuryadin; Karlimah Karlimah; Muhammad Rizki Nugraha

doi:10.17275/per.26.27.13.2

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development

Abstract

This study presents a systematic literature review (SLR) on the use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) in developing instructional materials across formal educational contexts. Data were retrieved from the Scopus database using a structured search strategy following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A total of 31 studies met the inclusion criteria, with 71% conducted in higher education and 29% in K-12. Thematic categorization shows that instructional materials developed with GenAI are dominated by textual and written materials, while the most frequently used tools are large language models (LLMs)/text generation such as ChatGPT and Copilot. The findings indicate that GenAI offers strong potential to accelerate the development and diversify the formats of instructional materials, with reported benefits including time, workload, and cost efficiency, support for educators, personalization and adaptability, improved quality and range of materials, as well as positive impacts on learning processes and outcomes. However, key challenges remain, particularly related to output quality, human readiness, technical-operational constraints, ethical issues, as well as negative impacts on learning processes and outcomes. Despite several limitations, the study highlights the importance of strengthening educators’ AI literacy and skills, institutional policy support, and further empirical research regarding the use of GenAI in education.

Keywords

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI), large language models (LLMs), ChatGPT, instructional materials, higher education, K-12 education

Supporting Institution

Directorate of Research and Community Service, Directorate General of Research and Development, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia

Project Number

0419/C3/DT.05.00/2025

Ethical Statement

This study is a systematic literature review (SLR) that analyzed and synthesized findings from previously published studies. All data used in this review were obtained from publicly accessible and peer-reviewed journal articles indexed in Scopus. Since the study did not involve any direct interaction with human participants, animals, or sensitive personal data, formal ethical approval was not required. Nevertheless, the research was conducted in accordance with established academic integrity standards, including transparency, accuracy, and proper acknowledgment of all sources. The authors affirm that all efforts were made to ensure objectivity in the selection, screening, and analysis of the reviewed literature. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied consistently to minimize bias, and references have been cited appropriately to credit the original authors.

Thanks

This research was funded by the Directorate of Research and Community Service, Directorate General of Research and Development, Ministry of Higher Education, Science, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, under the fiscal year 2025.

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Details

Primary Language

English

Subjects

Instructional Technologies

Journal Section

Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis

Authors

Asep Nuryadin ^*
0000-0001-6226-0914
Indonesia

Karlimah Karlimah
0000-0002-4292-5226
Indonesia

Muhammad Rizki Nugraha
0009-0009-2127-4231
Indonesia

Publication Date

March 8, 2026

Submission Date

September 29, 2025

Acceptance Date

December 24, 2025

Published in Issue

Year 2026 Volume: 13 Number: 2

DOI

https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.27.13.2

IZ

https://izlik.org/JA64LG89KW

APA

Nuryadin, A., Karlimah, K., & Nugraha, M. R. (2026). Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development. Participatory Educational Research, 13(2), 226-247. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.27.13.2

AMA

1.Nuryadin A, Karlimah K, Nugraha MR. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development. PER. 2026;13(2):226-247. doi:10.17275/per.26.27.13.2

Chicago

Nuryadin, Asep, Karlimah Karlimah, and Muhammad Rizki Nugraha. 2026. “Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development”. Participatory Educational Research 13 (2): 226-47. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.27.13.2.

EndNote

Nuryadin A, Karlimah K, Nugraha MR (March 1, 2026) Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development. Participatory Educational Research 13 2 226–247.

IEEE

[1]A. Nuryadin, K. Karlimah, and M. R. Nugraha, “Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development”, PER, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 226–247, Mar. 2026, doi: 10.17275/per.26.27.13.2.

ISNAD

Nuryadin, Asep - Karlimah, Karlimah - Nugraha, Muhammad Rizki. “Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development”. Participatory Educational Research 13/2 (March 1, 2026): 226-247. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.26.27.13.2.

JAMA

1.Nuryadin A, Karlimah K, Nugraha MR. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development. PER. 2026;13:226–247.

MLA

Nuryadin, Asep, et al. “Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development”. Participatory Educational Research, vol. 13, no. 2, Mar. 2026, pp. 226-47, doi:10.17275/per.26.27.13.2.

Vancouver

1.Asep Nuryadin, Karlimah Karlimah, Muhammad Rizki Nugraha. Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development. PER. 2026 Mar. 1;13(2):226-47. doi:10.17275/per.26.27.13.2

27707

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Generative Artificial Intelligence in Education: A Systematic Literature Review on Instructional Materials Development

Abstract

Keywords

Supporting Institution

Project Number

Ethical Statement

Thanks

References

Details

Primary Language

Subjects

Journal Section

Authors

Publication Date

Submission Date

Acceptance Date

Published in Issue

DOI

IZ

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