Research Article
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Improving Sensitivity to Cultural Heritage through Out-of-School Learning Activities

Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 98 - 117
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.25.6.12.1

Abstract

This study aimed to reveal the change and awareness that out-of-school learning activities carried out within the scope of social studies courses create on students' sensitivity to cultural heritage. The study was conducted with 24 fifth-grade students in a public school in Istanbul. The study, which was planned in line with the qualitative research principles, was designed as action research, and the study was carried out in accordance with the action plans prepared in this regard. Depending on the action plan prepared, 5 different out-of-school learning activities were planned within 8 weeks, and in this con text, visits were made to Istanbul Archeology Museum, Atatürk Arboretum, Bursa (Grand Mosque of Bursa, Green Tomb), Ebru Workshop, Eminönü Square. In the out-of-school learning-based social studies teaching process, activities such as search-and-find activities and orienteering were implemented in the environments visited. The main data that source the results of the study consist of student opinions about the process, external observer notes, and photographs taken during the activities. At the end of the study, it was concluded that students' knowledge of cultural heritage elements diversified with the visits made during the social studies lessons carried out based on out-of-school learning, and that obtaining concrete experiences related to cultural heritage elements positively affected their sensitivity. In line with the results obtained, recommendations were presented regarding the use of out-of-school learning-based activities more frequently in teaching processes, making out-of-school learning guidebooks functional, and textbooks in the context of developing the value of sensitivity to cultural heritage.

References

  • Alivizatou, M. (2016). Intangible Heritage and the Museum: New Perspectives on Cultural Preservation. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
  • Aşıkcan, M. (2019). An action research on improving the fluent reading skills of third grade students. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya.
  • Avcı, M., & Memişoğlu, H. (2016). Opinions of social studies teachers regarding cultural heritage education. Elementary Education Online, 15(1), 104-124. https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.42123
  • Bahtiyar Karadeniz, C. (2020). Assessment for awareness and perception of the cultural heritage of geography students. Review Of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 10(1), 40-64. https://doi.org/10.33403rigeo.640722
  • Başcı Namlı, Z., Karakuş Yılmaz, T., & Meral, E. (2022). Development of a cultural heritage sensitivity scale for secondary school students. Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education Journal, 23 (3), 2369-2398. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1132186
  • Çengelci, T. (2012). The place of intangible cultural heritage in the social studies curriculum. Uludağ University Faculty of Education Journal, 25 (1), 185-203.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1-15.
  • Cole, N. L. (2020). "So What Is Culture, Exactly?" ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020, thoughtco.com/culture-definition-4135409.
  • Çulha Özbaş, B. (2009). Cultural heritage education in primary school social studies courses. M. Safran. (eds), Social Studies Education (pp. 702-718). Pegem Academy.
  • Curtis, R., & Seymour, C. (2004). Louisiana heritage education program and heritage in theclassroom: children’s attitudestoward cultural heritage. Journal of Social Studies Research, 28(2), 20-24.
  • Demir, Y., & Şenyurt, S. (2021). Cultural heritage academic achievement test (kmabt): Validity and reliability study. Journal of the National Academy of Education, 5 (2), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.32960/uead.961426
  • Dere, İ. (2021). Learning the cultural heritage by documenting: Field experiences of teacher candidates of social studies. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education (IGGE), 43, 108-121.
  • Dere, İ., & Emeksever, A. (2018). Teaching cultural heritage with oral history in life science lessons. Journal of Future Visions, 2(4), 40-47.
  • Dönmez, C., & Yeşilbursa, C. C. (2014). The effect of cultural heritage education on students' attitudes towards tangible cultural heritage. Elementary Education Online, 13(2), 425-442.
  • Erdem, O., Aykurt, F., Eldem, C., & Şahin, C. (2023). Developing STEM activities with design-focused thinking approach. Journal of Current Researches on Educational Studies, 13 (1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.26579/jocures.13.1.1
  • Fazlı, E., & Fazlı, B. (2023). An action research aimed at eliminating misconceptions in mathematics lessons using the drama method. Journal of Literature Linguistics Education and Scientific Research, 2 (1), 193-224.
  • Giménez, J. E., Ruiz, R. M. Á., & Listán, M. F. (2008). Primary and secondary teachers’ conceptions about heritage and heritage education: A comparative analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(8), 2095-2107.
  • Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2019). Opinions of secondary school students regarding cultural heritage and its protection. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(4), 1827-1840. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3393
  • Gürel, D., & Çetin, T. (2019). Intangible cultural heritage attitude scale: Validity and reliability study. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 8(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.465604
  • Güvenç, B. (2002). People and culture. (9th ed.). Remzi Bookstore.
  • Halaç, H. H., Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2021). Validity and reliability study of the cultural heritage sensitivity scale for primary school students. Bayburt Faculty of Education Journal, 16(31), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.810944.
  • ICOMOS, (2011). Guidance on Heritage Impact Assesments for Cultural World Heritage Properties. World Heritage Center, France.
  • İlhan, G. O., Tokmak, A. & Aktaş, V. (2021). Virtual museum experiences of social studies teacher candidates, Journal of International Museum Education, 3(1), 74-93. https://doi.org/10.51637/jimuseumed.958918
  • İslamoğlu, Ö. (2018). The importance of cultural heritage education in early ages. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 22(1-3), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2018/22.1-3.1064
  • Kafadar, T. (2021). Cultural heritage in social studies curriculum and cultural heritage awareness of middle school students. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(2), 260-274. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.332.16
  • Keskin, Y., & Öğretici, B. (2013). Teaching the value of "sensitivity" through activities in the social studies course: A qualitative research. Journal of Values Education, 11(25), 143-181.
  • Kılcan, B., & Akbaba, B. (2013). Examining students’ perceptions on sensitivity to cultural heritage value in social sciences teaching program. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken Journal of World of Turks, vol.5, no.3, 113-137.
  • Labadi, S. (2013). UNESCO, Cultural Heritage, and Outstanding Universal Value: Value-based Analyses of the World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Conventions. United Kingdom: AltaMira Press.
  • Malinowski, B. (1992). A Scientific Theory of Culture. (S. Özkal, trans.). İstanbul: Kabalcı.
  • Martínez Rodríguez, M., & Fontal Merillas, O. (2020). Dealing with heritage as curricular content in Spain’s primary education. The Curriculum Journal, 31(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.7
  • Ministry of Education. (2018). Social studies course curriculum (Primary and secondary school 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grades). http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ProgramDetay.aspx?PID=354
  • Mustak, S. (2017). Opinions of social studies teachers on historical and cultural heritage education (Denizli city example). (Unpublished master's thesis). Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde.
  • Oğuz, E. S. (2011). The concept of culture in social sciences. Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters Journal, 28 (2), 123-139.
  • Öksüz Kuşçuoğlu, G., & Taş, M. (2017). Sustaınable cultural herıtage management. Yalvaç Academy Journal, 2(1), 58-67.
  • Öner, G., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2019). Opinions of social studies teacher candidates regarding gaining values and skills in museums and historical places. Turkish History Education Journal, 8(1), pp. 98-128. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.540967
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Mesut Bütün and Ahmet Selçuk Demir (trans.). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Polat, S. (2019). Teaching cultural heritage topics in social studies. T. Çelikkaya, Ç. Öztürk Demirbaş, T. Yıldırım and H. Yakar (eds), Social studies teaching according to the new program and course contents II (pp. 357-388). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Sağlamgöncü, A., & Deveci, H. (2023). Using active learning techniques in teaching current events in social studies course: An action research. Education and Science, 48(213). http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2023.11723
  • Sevi, E., & Er Türküresin, H. (2023). Prospective social studies teachers' views on value acquisition in virtual museums. Journal of International Museum Education, 5 (“Museum Education and Museum Education in Turkey in the 100th Year of the Republic” Special Issue), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.51637/jimuseumed.1351676
  • Taylor, E. B. (1958). The Origins of Culture and Religion in Primitive Culture. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Tesarz, J. (2024). Körper, Psyche und Kultur. Schmerz 38.
  • Tuncel, G., & Altuntaş, B. (2020). Perception of cultural heritage in the 4th grade of primary school: A semiotic analysis. International Journal of Field Education, 6(1), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.731122
  • Türker, A., & Çelik, İ. (2012). Alternative suggestions for the development of intangible cultural heritage elements as touristic products. New Idea Journal, 4 (9), 86-98.
  • UNESCO, (2013). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. World Heritage Center, France.
  • Üztemur, S., Dinç, E., & Acun, İ. (2018). Developing students' social studies skills through activities implemented in museums and historical places. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, (46), 294-324. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.349442
  • Üztemur, S., Dinç, E., & Acun, İ. (2018). The effect of using museums and historical places in teaching social studies on 7th grade students' perceptions of social studies: An action research. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11 (1), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.358211
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Planning qualitative research: Research questions, sample selection, validity and reliability. Gazi Journal of Health Sciences, 3 (3), 1-9.
  • Yeşilbursa, C. C. (2011). The effect of heritage education in social studies on students' attitudes towards tangible cultural heritage and their academic achievement. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Zeyrek, S. (2021). An overview of cultural studies on the axis of the concept of culture. International Journal of Cultural and Social Research, 7(1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.930744
Year 2025, Volume: 12 Issue: 1, 98 - 117
https://doi.org/10.17275/per.25.6.12.1

Abstract

References

  • Alivizatou, M. (2016). Intangible Heritage and the Museum: New Perspectives on Cultural Preservation. United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis.
  • Aşıkcan, M. (2019). An action research on improving the fluent reading skills of third grade students. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya.
  • Avcı, M., & Memişoğlu, H. (2016). Opinions of social studies teachers regarding cultural heritage education. Elementary Education Online, 15(1), 104-124. https://doi.org/10.17051/io.2016.42123
  • Bahtiyar Karadeniz, C. (2020). Assessment for awareness and perception of the cultural heritage of geography students. Review Of International Geographical Education (RIGEO), 10(1), 40-64. https://doi.org/10.33403rigeo.640722
  • Başcı Namlı, Z., Karakuş Yılmaz, T., & Meral, E. (2022). Development of a cultural heritage sensitivity scale for secondary school students. Ahi Evran University Kırşehir Faculty of Education Journal, 23 (3), 2369-2398. https://doi.org/10.29299/kefad.1132186
  • Çengelci, T. (2012). The place of intangible cultural heritage in the social studies curriculum. Uludağ University Faculty of Education Journal, 25 (1), 185-203.
  • Chen, G. M., & Starosta, W. J. (2000). The development and validation of the intercultural sensitivity scale. Human Communication, vol. 3, 2000, pp. 1-15.
  • Cole, N. L. (2020). "So What Is Culture, Exactly?" ThoughtCo, Feb. 11, 2020, thoughtco.com/culture-definition-4135409.
  • Çulha Özbaş, B. (2009). Cultural heritage education in primary school social studies courses. M. Safran. (eds), Social Studies Education (pp. 702-718). Pegem Academy.
  • Curtis, R., & Seymour, C. (2004). Louisiana heritage education program and heritage in theclassroom: children’s attitudestoward cultural heritage. Journal of Social Studies Research, 28(2), 20-24.
  • Demir, Y., & Şenyurt, S. (2021). Cultural heritage academic achievement test (kmabt): Validity and reliability study. Journal of the National Academy of Education, 5 (2), 279-298. https://doi.org/10.32960/uead.961426
  • Dere, İ. (2021). Learning the cultural heritage by documenting: Field experiences of teacher candidates of social studies. International Journal of Geography and Geography Education (IGGE), 43, 108-121.
  • Dere, İ., & Emeksever, A. (2018). Teaching cultural heritage with oral history in life science lessons. Journal of Future Visions, 2(4), 40-47.
  • Dönmez, C., & Yeşilbursa, C. C. (2014). The effect of cultural heritage education on students' attitudes towards tangible cultural heritage. Elementary Education Online, 13(2), 425-442.
  • Erdem, O., Aykurt, F., Eldem, C., & Şahin, C. (2023). Developing STEM activities with design-focused thinking approach. Journal of Current Researches on Educational Studies, 13 (1), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.26579/jocures.13.1.1
  • Fazlı, E., & Fazlı, B. (2023). An action research aimed at eliminating misconceptions in mathematics lessons using the drama method. Journal of Literature Linguistics Education and Scientific Research, 2 (1), 193-224.
  • Giménez, J. E., Ruiz, R. M. Á., & Listán, M. F. (2008). Primary and secondary teachers’ conceptions about heritage and heritage education: A comparative analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 24(8), 2095-2107.
  • Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2019). Opinions of secondary school students regarding cultural heritage and its protection. Kastamonu Education Journal, 27(4), 1827-1840. https://doi.org/10.24106/kefdergi.3393
  • Gürel, D., & Çetin, T. (2019). Intangible cultural heritage attitude scale: Validity and reliability study. Bartın University Journal of Faculty of Education, 8(1), 82-102. https://doi.org/10.14686/buefad.465604
  • Güvenç, B. (2002). People and culture. (9th ed.). Remzi Bookstore.
  • Halaç, H. H., Gürdoğan Bayır, Ö., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2021). Validity and reliability study of the cultural heritage sensitivity scale for primary school students. Bayburt Faculty of Education Journal, 16(31), 197-218. https://doi.org/10.35675/befdergi.810944.
  • ICOMOS, (2011). Guidance on Heritage Impact Assesments for Cultural World Heritage Properties. World Heritage Center, France.
  • İlhan, G. O., Tokmak, A. & Aktaş, V. (2021). Virtual museum experiences of social studies teacher candidates, Journal of International Museum Education, 3(1), 74-93. https://doi.org/10.51637/jimuseumed.958918
  • İslamoğlu, Ö. (2018). The importance of cultural heritage education in early ages. International Journal of Educational Sciences, 22(1-3), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.31901/24566322.2018/22.1-3.1064
  • Kafadar, T. (2021). Cultural heritage in social studies curriculum and cultural heritage awareness of middle school students. International Journal of Progressive Education, 17(2), 260-274. https://doi.org/10.29329/ijpe.2020.332.16
  • Keskin, Y., & Öğretici, B. (2013). Teaching the value of "sensitivity" through activities in the social studies course: A qualitative research. Journal of Values Education, 11(25), 143-181.
  • Kılcan, B., & Akbaba, B. (2013). Examining students’ perceptions on sensitivity to cultural heritage value in social sciences teaching program. Zeitschrift für die Welt der Türken Journal of World of Turks, vol.5, no.3, 113-137.
  • Labadi, S. (2013). UNESCO, Cultural Heritage, and Outstanding Universal Value: Value-based Analyses of the World Heritage and Intangible Cultural Heritage Conventions. United Kingdom: AltaMira Press.
  • Malinowski, B. (1992). A Scientific Theory of Culture. (S. Özkal, trans.). İstanbul: Kabalcı.
  • Martínez Rodríguez, M., & Fontal Merillas, O. (2020). Dealing with heritage as curricular content in Spain’s primary education. The Curriculum Journal, 31(1), 77-96. https://doi.org/10.1002/curj.7
  • Ministry of Education. (2018). Social studies course curriculum (Primary and secondary school 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th grades). http://mufredat.meb.gov.tr/ProgramDetay.aspx?PID=354
  • Mustak, S. (2017). Opinions of social studies teachers on historical and cultural heritage education (Denizli city example). (Unpublished master's thesis). Nigde Ömer Halisdemir University, Nigde.
  • Oğuz, E. S. (2011). The concept of culture in social sciences. Hacettepe University Faculty of Letters Journal, 28 (2), 123-139.
  • Öksüz Kuşçuoğlu, G., & Taş, M. (2017). Sustaınable cultural herıtage management. Yalvaç Academy Journal, 2(1), 58-67.
  • Öner, G., & Çengelci Köse, T. (2019). Opinions of social studies teacher candidates regarding gaining values and skills in museums and historical places. Turkish History Education Journal, 8(1), pp. 98-128. https://doi.org/10.17497/tuhed.540967
  • Patton, M. Q. (2018). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Mesut Bütün and Ahmet Selçuk Demir (trans.). Ankara: Pegem.
  • Polat, S. (2019). Teaching cultural heritage topics in social studies. T. Çelikkaya, Ç. Öztürk Demirbaş, T. Yıldırım and H. Yakar (eds), Social studies teaching according to the new program and course contents II (pp. 357-388). Ankara: Pegem Academy.
  • Sağlamgöncü, A., & Deveci, H. (2023). Using active learning techniques in teaching current events in social studies course: An action research. Education and Science, 48(213). http://dx.doi.org/10.15390/EB.2023.11723
  • Sevi, E., & Er Türküresin, H. (2023). Prospective social studies teachers' views on value acquisition in virtual museums. Journal of International Museum Education, 5 (“Museum Education and Museum Education in Turkey in the 100th Year of the Republic” Special Issue), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.51637/jimuseumed.1351676
  • Taylor, E. B. (1958). The Origins of Culture and Religion in Primitive Culture. New York: Harper & Brothers.
  • Tesarz, J. (2024). Körper, Psyche und Kultur. Schmerz 38.
  • Tuncel, G., & Altuntaş, B. (2020). Perception of cultural heritage in the 4th grade of primary school: A semiotic analysis. International Journal of Field Education, 6(1), 123-140. https://doi.org/10.32570/ijofe.731122
  • Türker, A., & Çelik, İ. (2012). Alternative suggestions for the development of intangible cultural heritage elements as touristic products. New Idea Journal, 4 (9), 86-98.
  • UNESCO, (2013). Operational Guidelines for the Implementation of the World Heritage Convention. World Heritage Center, France.
  • Üztemur, S., Dinç, E., & Acun, İ. (2018). Developing students' social studies skills through activities implemented in museums and historical places. Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Education Journal, (46), 294-324. https://doi.org/10.21764/maeuefd.349442
  • Üztemur, S., Dinç, E., & Acun, İ. (2018). The effect of using museums and historical places in teaching social studies on 7th grade students' perceptions of social studies: An action research. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science, 11 (1), 135-168. https://doi.org/10.30831/akukeg.358211
  • Yağar, F., & Dökme, S. (2018). Planning qualitative research: Research questions, sample selection, validity and reliability. Gazi Journal of Health Sciences, 3 (3), 1-9.
  • Yeşilbursa, C. C. (2011). The effect of heritage education in social studies on students' attitudes towards tangible cultural heritage and their academic achievement. (Unpublished doctoral thesis). Gazi University, Ankara.
  • Zeyrek, S. (2021). An overview of cultural studies on the axis of the concept of culture. International Journal of Cultural and Social Research, 7(1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.46442/intjcss.930744
There are 49 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Specialist Studies in Education (Other)
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Veysi Aktaş 0000-0002-5174-7505

Ahmet Tokmak 0000-0002-3902-5825

Genç Osman İlhan 0000-0003-4091-4758

Early Pub Date December 26, 2024
Publication Date
Submission Date July 18, 2024
Acceptance Date December 1, 2024
Published in Issue Year 2025 Volume: 12 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Aktaş, V., Tokmak, A., & İlhan, G. O. (2024). Improving Sensitivity to Cultural Heritage through Out-of-School Learning Activities. Participatory Educational Research, 12(1), 98-117. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.25.6.12.1