A Case Study on Teaching Turkish through Distance Education

Year 2021, , 174 - 190, 27.01.2021

Üzeyir Süğümlü

https://doi.org/10.17220/ijpes.2021.8.1.278

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the status of secondary school Turkish education in distance education during the COVID-19 pandemic period in Turkey according to the opinions and observations of Turkish teachers. The fact that there are no studies examining the use of distance education in secondary school native language teaching constitutes the reason for the research. The research was carried out by the case study, one of the qualitative research designs. The participants of the study group in the first phase were 30 secondary school Turkish teachers, who worked in various schools in Turkey and taught online distance education courses in the spring semester of 2019-2020. The participants of the second phase of the study were 16 Turkish teachers who meet the above criteria. A semi-structured interview was held with the first group, while participants of the second group prepared observation reports on their live courses. The data collection tools of the research consist of a semi-structured interview form and a course observation form. Data collection tools were transformed into online forms and delivered online to the study group. The data of the research was collected over a period of one month and the document analysis technique was used to collect the data. The research data were analyzed using the content analysis method. The categorical analysis, one of the types of content analysis, was used in the study. The data analysis was performed with MAXQDA 2020 qualitative data analysis package program. Visualizations were made with the program used. For data analysis reliability, direct transfer statements were given from the codes where the opinions were concentrated. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the teachers faced with negativities intensely and they could not teach Turkish properly with distance education.

Keywords

COVID-19 pandemic,, distance education,, emergency remote teaching,

References

• Akbulut, M., Sahin, U., & Esen, A. C. (2020). More than a virus: How COVID 19 infected education in Turkey? Journal of Social Science Education, 19, 30-42.
• Aktay, Y. (2002). Eğitimde küresel imkânlar-küreselleşen dünyada eğitimde fırsat eşitliği ve özgürleşim fırsatları üzerine. Kuram ve Uygulamada Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 11-20.
• Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2008). Staying the course: Online education in the United States, 2008. Sloan Consortium. PO Box 1238, Newburyport, MA 01950.
• Arora, A. K., & Srinivasan, R. (2020). Impact of pandemic COVID-19 on the teaching–learning process: A study of higher education teachers. Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management, 13(4), 43-56.
• Aydın, E. (2020). COVID-19 döneminde EBA TV üzerinden yapılan Türkçe derslerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Turkish lessons on EBA TV during COVID-19]. Millî Eğitim, 49(1), 877-894.
• Bakioğlu, A., & Can, E. (2014). Uzaktan eğitimde kalite ve akreditasyon [Quality and accreditation in distance education]. Vize Yayıncılık.
• Biernacki, P., & Waldorf, D. (1981). Snowball sampling: Problems and techniques of chain referral sampling. Sociological methods & research, 10(2), 141-163.
• Bozkurt, A., & Sharma, R. C. (2020). Emergency remote teaching in a time of global crisis due to CoronaVirus pandemic. Asian Journal of Distance Education, 15(1), i-vi.
• Byun, S., & Slavin, R. E. (2020). Educational responses to the COVID-19 outbreak in South Korea. Best Evid. Chin. Edu., 5(2), 665-680.
• CoHE. (13 Mart 2020). Koronavirüs (COVID-19) Bilgilendirme Notu [Coronavirus (COVID-19) Information Note]: 1. https://www.yok.gov.tr/Sayfalar/Haberler/2020/coronavirus_bilgilendirme_1.aspx
• Çalışkan, H. (2002). Çevrimiçi (Online) eğitimde öğrenci etkileşimi [Student interaction in online education.]. Paper presented at Uluslararası Katılımlı Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Sempozyumu, 23-25 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
• Çallı, İ., Bayram, Y., & Karacadağ, M. C. (2002). Türkiye'de Uzaktan Eğitimin Geleceği ve E-Üniversite [Future of Distance Education and e-University in Turkey]. Paper presented at Uluslararası Katılımlı Açık ve Uzaktan Eğitim Sempozyumu, 23-25 Mayıs 2002, Eskişehir: Anadolu Üniversitesi.
• Dai, D., & Xia, X. (2020). Whether the school self-developed e-learning platform is more conducive to learning during the COVID-19 Pandemic?. Best Evid. Chin. Edu., 5(1), 569-580.
• Dong, C., Cao, S., & Li, H. (2020). Young children’s online learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: Chinese parents’ beliefs and attitudes. Children and Youth Services Review, 105440. DOI: https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105440
• Flores, Maria A., & Swennen A. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and its effects on teacher education. European Journal of Teacher Education, DOI: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1824253
• Garbe, A., Ogurlu, U., Logan, N., & Cook, P. (2020). Parents’ Experiences with remote education during COVID-19 school closures. American Journal of Qualitative Research, 4(3), 45-65.
• Gökalp, M. (2016). Öğretim ilke ve yöntemleri [Teaching principles and methods]. Ankara: Pegem Akademi.
• Gülüşen, F. (2011). Bilgi teknolojilerine dayalı uzaktan eğitim programlarının erişilebilirliklerinin değerlendirilmesi [Evaluating the accessibility of information technologies based distance education programs]. (Master's dissertation). Ankara University Graduate School of Educational Sciences, Ankara, Turkey. Available from the Council of Higher Education, National Dissertation Center, Dissertation ID: 274633.
• Hebebci, M. T., Bertiz, Y., & Alan, S. (2020). Investigation of views of students and teachers on distance education practices during the Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 267-282
• Hodges, C., Moore, S., Lockee, B., Trust, T., & Bond, A. (2020). The difference between emergency remote teaching and online learning. Educ. Rev. 2020, 27. Available online: https://medicine.hofstra.edu/pdf/faculty/facdev/facdev-article.pdf
• Holmberg, B. (1977) Distance education: a survey and bibliography. Kogan Page.
• Karakuş, N., Ucuzsatar, N., Karacaoğlu, M. Ö., Esendemir, N., & Bayraktar, D. (2020). Türkçe öğretmeni adaylarının uzaktan eğitime yönelik görüşleri [Turkish teacher candidates’ views on distance education]. RumeliDE Dil ve Edebiyat Araştırmaları Dergisi, (19), 220-241. DOI: 10.29000/rumelide.752297.
• Karataş, S. (2008). Temel kavramlar ve kuramsal temeller [Basic concepts and theoretical foundations.]. In H.İ. Yalın (Ed.), İnternet temelli eğitim [Internet based education] (pp. 1-22). Nobel Yayınları.
• Karataş, T. Ö., & Tuncer, H. (2020). Sustaining language skills development of pre-service EFL teachers despite the COVID-19 interruption: A case of emergency distance education. Sustainability, 12(19), 8188.
• Kaya, Z. (2002). Uzaktan eğitim [Distance education]. Pegem.
• Koçoğlu, E., & Tekdal, D. (2020). Analysis of distance education activities conducted during COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Research and Reviews, 15(9), 536-543.
• Korkmaz, G., & Toraman, Ç. (2020). Are we ready for the post-COVID-19 educational practice? An investigation into what educators think as to online learning. International Journal of Technology in Education and Science (IJTES), 4(4), 293-309.
• König, J., Jäger-Biela, D. J., & Glutsch, N. (2020). Adapting to online teaching during COVID-19 school closure: teacher education and teacher competence effects among early career teachers in Germany. European Journal of Teacher Education, 1-15. DOI: 10.1080/02619768.2020.1809650
• Lloyd, S. A., Byrne, M. M., & McCoy, T. S. (2012). Faculty-perceived barriers of online education. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 1-12.
• Maden, S., & Önal, A. (2020). Elektronik Bilişim Ağı içerik modülündeki Türkçe dersi ile ilgili dokümanlar [Documents related to Turkish course in Electronic Informatics Network content module]. Eğitim Teknolojisi Kuram ve Uygulama, 10(1), 25-50.
• Merriam, S. B. (2013). Nitel araştırma: Desen ve uygulama için bir rehber [Qualitative research: a guide to pattern and application]. S. Turan (Translation Ed.). Nobel Yayın Dağıtım.
• Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (2016). Nitel veri analizi [Qualitative data analysis]. Sadegül Akbaba Altun and Ali Ersor (Translation Eds.) (2. Ed.). Pegem.
• MOE. (12 Mart 2020). Bakan Selçuk, koronavirüs’e karşı eğitim alanında alınan tedbirleri açıkladı [Minister Selçuk announced the measures taken in the field of education against coronavirus]. http://www.meb.gov.tr/bakan-selcuk-koronaviruse-karsi-egitim-alaninda-alinan-tedbirleriacikladi/haber/20497/tr
• Mohalik, R., & Sahoo, S. (2020). E-Readiness and Perception of Student Teachers’ Towards Online Learning in the Midst of COVID-19 Pandemic (August 4, 2020). Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3666914 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3666914
• Moore, M., & Kearsley, G. (2005). Distance education: A system view. Wadsworth.
• Özgül, E., Ceran, D., & Yıldız, D. (2020). Uzaktan eğitimle yapılan Türkçe dersinin öğretmen görüşlerine göre değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of Turkish course with distance education according to teachers’ views]. Millî Eğitim, 49(1), 395-412.
• Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research & evaluation methods (3. ed.). Sage.
• Perry, W., & Rumble, G. (1987). A Short Guide to Distance Education. International Extension College, Office D, Dales Brewery, Gwydir Street, Cambridge CB1 2LJ, England.
• Robson, C. (2001). Real world research. Blackwell Publishers.
• Sarıçam, İ., Özdoğan, Ü., & Topçuoğlu Ünal, F. (2020). Uzaktan eğitim bünyesindeki Türkçe dersinin uygulanmasına yönelik öğretmen görüşleri [Teachers' Views on the Implementation of the Turkish Lesson in Distance Education]. Turkish Studies-Education, 15(4), 2943-2959.
• Schaefer, M. B., Abrams, S. S., Kurpis, M., Abrams, M., & Abrams, C. (2020). Making the Unusual Usual: Students’ Perspectives and Experiences of Learning at Home during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Middle Grades Review, 6(2), n2.
• Schlosser, L. A., & Simonson, M. (2009). Distance education: Definition and glossary of terms (3rd ed.). Information Age.
• Seaman, J. (2009). Online learning as a strategic asset. Volume II: The paradox of faculty voices: Viewsand experiences with online learning. Retrieved from Washington, DC: Association of Public and Land grant Universities and Babson Survey Research Group. Retrieved from: http://hilo.hawaii.edu/uhh /teaching/documents/OnlineLearning-StrategicAsset-Vol2.pdf
• Taylor, J. C. (2001). Fifth Generation Distance Education. 20th ICDE World Conference on Open Learning and Distance Education “The future of learning- learning for the future: Shaping the transition”, Düsseldorf, Germany, 01- 05 April 2001.
• Toquero, C. M. (2020). Emergency remote education experiment amid COVID-19 pandemic. IJERI: International Journal of Educational Research and Innovation, (15), 162-172.
• UNESCO. (2020a). School closures caused by Coronavirus (Covid-19). https://en.unesco.org/covid19/educationresponse
• UNESCO. (2020b). Startling digital divides in distance learning emerge. https://en.unesco.org/news/startling-digital-divides-distance-learning-emerge
• UNICEF. (2020). UNICEF and Microsoft launch global learning platform to help address COVID-19 education crisis.. https://www.unicef.org/press-releases/unicefand-microsoft-launch-global-learning-platform-help-address-covid-19-education
• Uşun, S. (2006). Uzaktan eğitim [Distance education]. Nobel Yayıncılık.
• Ünal, M., & Bulunuz, N. (2020). COVID-19 salgını dönemi uzaktan eğitim çalışmaları ve sonraki süreçle ilgili fen bilimleri öğretmenlerinin görüş ve önerileri [The views and suggestions of science teachers on distance education practices during the COVID-19 pandemic period and subsequent processes]. Millî Eğitim, 49(1), 343-369.
• WHO. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019
• Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2011). Sosyal bilimlerde nitel araştırma yöntemleri [Qualitative research methods in the social sciences]. Seçkin Yayıncılık.
• Zhao, Y. (2020). COVID-19 as a catalyst for educational change. Prospects, 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11125-020-09477-y
• Zhou, L., & Li, F. (2020). A Review of the largest online teaching in china for elementary and middle school students during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Best Evid Chin Edu, 5(1), 549-567.
• Zhou, L., Wu, S., Zhou, M.., & Li, F. (2020). 'School’s out, but class’ on', the largest online education in the world today: taking china’s practical exploration during the COVID-19 Epidemic prevention and control as an example. Best Evid Chin Edu, 4(2), 501-519. Doi: 10.15354/bece.20.ar023