Cognitive, Emotional, Behavioral and Physiological Evaluation of the Relationship Between Brain and Gut Microbiota

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of gut microbiota on brain functions, mood and psychiatric disorders such as depression, anxiety and behavioral addictions, neurotransmitter levels, cognitive processes such as self-control, decision making and delayed gratification. In this context, the relevant literature was reviewed and the findings were evaluated. The relationships of the bidirectional communication between the brain-gut axis with cognitive, emotional, behavioral and physiological processes were explained with a diagram. As a result, although more research is needed on this subject, it has been observed that the brain-gut axis is bidirectionally established through neural, stress, endocrine and immune systems. In this bidirectional communication process, there are interactions in the context of cognitive, emotional, behavioral and other physiological factors. These factors both individually enter into bidirectional relationships with the brain and gut microbiota and are affected by the bidirectional communication between the brain and gut.

Keywords

• Gut
• Brain
• Microbiota
• HPA
• Behavior
• Cognition
• Mood

Beyin ve Bağırsak Mikrobiyotası Arasındaki İlişkinin Bilişsel Duygusal Davranışsal ve Fizyolojik Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

Öz

Bu araştırmanın amacı, bağırsak mikrobiyotasının; beyin fonksiyonlarında, depresyon, kaygı ve davranışsal bağımlılıklar gibi duygu durum ve psikiyatrik bozukluklarda, nörotransmiter düzeylerinde, özkontrol, karar verme ve haz erteleme gibi bilişsel süreçlerdeki etkisini incelemektir. Bu bağlamda ilgili literatür taranmış ve bulgular değerlendirilmiştir. Literatür incelemeleri sonucu ulaşılan beyin-bağırsak ekseni arasındaki çift yönlü iletişimin bilişsel, duygusal, davranışsal ve fizyolojik süreçlerle ilişkileri bir diyagram ile açıklanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, bu konuda daha çok araştırmaya ihtiyaç olunmasına karşın, beyin-bağırsak ekseninin nöral, stres, endokrin ve bağışıklık sistemleri üzerinden çift yönlü olarak kurulduğu görülmüştür. Bu çift yönlü iletişim sürecinde bilişsel, duygusal, davranışsal ve diğer fizyolojik faktörler bağlamında etkileşimler bulunmaktadır. Bu faktörlerin hem ayrı ayrı beyin ve bağırsak mikrobiyotasıyla çift yönlü ilişkilere girdiği hem de beyin-bağırsak arasındaki çift yönlü iletişimden etkilendiği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Bağırsak
• Beyin
• Mikrobiyota
• HPA
• Sinirbilim

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