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Karmaşık Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğu: Bir Gözden Geçirme

Year 2022, , 589 - 596, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1050659

Abstract

Karmaşık travma, tekrarlayan, uzun süreli ve kişilerarası ilişkilerden kaynaklı travmatik olaylardan dolayı meydana gelen ve belirtileri travma sonrası stres bozukluğundan (TSSB) farklı olan bir tanıdır. Karmaşık travma ile ilgili olarak uzun yıllardır çalışmalar yapılmasına rağmen farklı bir tanı olarak kabul edilmemiştir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü tarafından 2018 yılında yayınlanan Uluslararası Hastalık Sınıflandırmasının en güncel versiyonu olan 11. Baskısı (ICD-11), “Stres İle İlişkili Bozukluklar” kategorisi altında travma sonrası stres bozukluğu ile birlikte yeni bir tanı olan karmaşık travma sonrası stres bozukluğuna yer vermiştir. Bu yeni tanı, TSSB’nin üç tanı ölçütünün (yeniden yaşantılama, kaçınma ve hipervijilans) yanı sıra duygu disregülasyonu, kişiler arası ilişkilerde sorunlar ve olumsuz benlik kavramı olmak üzere benlik organizasyonu ile ilgili 3 yeni belirtiyi de içermektedir. Bu derleme çalışmasında ilk olarak Tanısal ve Sayımsal El Kitabının (DSM) 5. baskısın (DSM-5) ve ICD-11’e göre TSSB tanısındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Daha sonra karmaşık TSSB bozukluğunun tarihçesi, tanımı ve diğer bozukluklarla arasındaki farklılıklar incelenmiştir. Son olarak Karmaşık TSSB’nin tedavisinde kullanılan yöntemler ile ilgili çalışmalar aktarılmıştır.

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Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review

Year 2022, , 589 - 596, 27.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1050659

Abstract

Complex trauma is a diagnosis that occurs due to repetitive, long-term and interpersonal traumatic events and its symptoms are different from post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Although many studies have been conducted on complex trauma for many years, it has not been accepted as a different diagnosis. The 11th Edition of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), published by the World Health Organization in 2018, includes complex post-traumatic stress disorder, a new diagnosis, besides post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) under the category of “Stress-Related Disorders”. In addition to the three diagnostic criteria of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance, and hypervigilance), 3 new symptoms related to self-organization have been added to this new diagnosis, namely emotion dysregulation, problems in interpersonal relationships, and negative self-concept. In this review study, firstly, the differences in the diagnosis of PTSD according to DSM-5 and ICD-11 were examined. Then, the history, definition and differences between complex PTSD disorder and other disorders were examined. Finally, studies on the methods used in the treatment of Complex PTSD were reviewed.

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  • Achterhof R, Huntjens RJC, Meewisse ML, Kiers HAL (2019) Assessing the application of latent class and latent profile analysis for evaluating the construct validity of complex posttraumatic stress disorder. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 10:182-198.
  • Afzali MH, Sunderland M, Teesson M, Carragher N, Mills K, Slade TA (2017) Network approach to the comorbidity between posttraumatic stress disorder and major depressive disorder: The role of overlapping symptoms. J Affect Disord, 208:490-496.
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  • Barbano AC, van der Mei WF, deRoon-Cassini TA, Grauer E, Lowe SR, Matsuoka YJ (2019) International Consortium to Prevent PTSD. Differentiating PTSD from anxiety and depression: Lessons from the ICD-11 PTSD diagnostic criteria. Depress Anxiety, 36:490-498.
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  • Brewin CR, Cloitre M, Hyland P, Shevlin M, Maercker A, Bryant RA et al. (2017) A review of current evidence regarding the ICD-11 proposals for diagnosing PTSD and complex PTSD. Clin Psychol Rev, 58:1-15.
  • Brown NR, Kallivayalil D, Mendelsohn M, Harvey MR (2012) Working the double edge: Unbraiding pathology and resiliency in the narratives of early-recovery trauma survivors. Psychol Trauma, 4:102.
  • Bruckmann P, Haselgruber A, Sölva K, Lueger-Schuster B (2020). Comparing rates of ICD-11 and DSM-5 Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Austrian children and adolescents in foster care: prevalence, comorbidity and predictors. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 11:1767988.
  • Cattane N, Rossi R, Lanfredi M, Cattaneo A (2017) Borderline personality disorder and childhood trauma: exploring the affected biological systems and mechanisms. BMC Psychiatry, 17:221.
  • Charuvastra A, Cloitre M (2008) Social bonds and posttraumatic stress disorder. Annu Rev Psychol, 59:301-328.
  • Classen CC, Pain C, Field NP, Woods P (2006) Posttraumatic personality disorder: A reformulation of complex posttraumatic stress disorder and borderline personality disorder. Psychiatr Clin North Am, 29:87-112.
  • Cloitre M, Stovall-McClough KC, Nooner K, Zorbas P, Cherry S, Jackson CL et al. (2010) Treatment for PTSD related to childhood abuse: A randomized controlled trial. Am J Psychiatry, 167:915–924.
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  • Courtois CA, Ford JD, Cloitre M (2000) Best practices in psychotherapy for adults. In: Treating Complex Traumatic Stress Disorders: An Evidence-Based Guide (Eds CA Courtois, JD Ford). New York, Guilford Press.
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  • Cloitre M, Garvert DW, Weiss B, Carlson EB, Bryant RA (2014) Distinguishing PTSD, complex PTSD, and borderline personality disorder: A latent class analysis. Eur J Psychotraumatol, 5:25097.
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There are 98 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Review
Authors

Emre Han Alpay 0000-0002-3479-2013

Dilek Çelik 0000-0003-3030-6660

Publication Date December 27, 2022
Acceptance Date May 26, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Alpay EH, Çelik D. Complex Post Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Review. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. December 2022;14(4):589-596. doi:10.18863/pgy.1050659

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