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Bellek Özelliklerinde Duygu İçeriğinin Etkisi: Duygusal Değer, Duygusal Yoğunluk ve Tekil Duygular

Year 2022, , 53 - 66, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1068175

Abstract

Bu çalışmanın amacı anıların duygusal değeri ve duygusal yoğunluğu ile otobiyografik anıların fenomenolojik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkileri tekil duygular ve anı türleri bağlamında incelemektir. Bu çalışmaya Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi’nden 764 öğrenci (514 kadın, 250 erkek) katılmıştır. Katılımcılardan bir erken çocukluk anısı, bir öztanımlayıcı anı veya bir romantik ilişki anısı hatırlamaları istenmiştir. Ardından hatırladıkları anıyı düşünerek Otobiyografik Bellek Özellikleri Ölçeği’ni ve tekil duyguların yoğunluğuna ilişkin ölçeği doldurmaları istenmiştir. Yapılan regresyon analizlerinde anıların duygusal yoğunluğunun anılardaki algısal detayları, anıların tekrar tekrar hatırlanmasını ve duygusal aşırılaştırmayı yordadığı bulunmuştur. Düzenleyici-aracı analizlerde, olumsuz benlik-saygısı duyguları haricinde tekil duygularla anı özellikleri arasında duygusal yoğunluk için anlamlı bir aracılık etkisi gözlemlenmiştir. Bu analizlerden sadece düşmanca duygular ve kaygı ilintili duygular ile anı özellikleri arasında duygusal yoğunluğun aracılığındaki ilişkide anı türlerinin düzenleyici etkisi tespit edilmiştir. Tekil duyguların yoğunluğu duygusal değerle daha güçlü ilişkiler gösterirken, anı özelliklerini asıl yordayan değişken anıların genel duygusal yoğunluğu olmuştur. Ancak olumsuz benlik-saygısı duygularının kendilerine özgü bir örüntüye sahip olduğu görülmüştür.

Supporting Institution

Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi

Project Number

2012.KB.SOS.010

References

  • Ashbaugh AR, Marinos J, Bujaki B (2018) The impact of depression and PTSD symptom severity on trauma memory. Memory 26:106-116.
  • Barrett LF (2006) Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 10:20-46.
  • Berntsen D (1996) Involuntary autobiographical memories. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 10:435-454.
  • Berntsen D, Rubin DC (2007) When a trauma becomes a key to identity: enhanced integration of trauma memories predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Appl Cogn Psychol 21:417-431.
  • Blaine B, Crocker J (1993) Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review. Self-Esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard (Ed , RF Baumeister):55-85. Boston, MA: Springer US.
  • Boals A, Rubin DC, Klein K (2008) Memory and coping with stress: the relationship between cognitive-emotional distinctiveness, memory valence, and distress. Memory 16:637-657.
  • Bohanek JG, Fivush R, Walker E (2005) Memories of positive and negative emotional events. Appl Cogn Psychol 19:51-66.
  • Boyacioglu I, Akfirat S (2015) Development and psychometric properties of a new measure for memory phenomenology: The Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire. Memory 23:1070-1092.
  • Boyacioglu I, Akfirat S, Yılmaz AE (2017) Gender differences in emotional experiences across childhood, romantic relationship, and self-defining memories. J Cogn Psychol 29:137-150.
  • Bradley MM, Greenwald MK, Petry MC, Lang PJ (1992) Remembering pictures: pleasure and arousal in memory. J Exp Psychol: Learn Mem Cogn 18:379-390.
  • Burnell R, Rasmussen AS, Garry M (2020) Negative memories serve functions in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. Memory 28:494-505.
  • Christianson S-Å (1986). Effects of positive emotional events on memory. Scand J Psychol 27:287-299.
  • Christianson S-Å (1992) Do flashbulb memories differ from other types of emotional memories? In Affect and Accuracy in Recall: Studies of Flashbulb Memories, 4th ed. (Eds EWinograd, U Neisser): 191-211. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
  • Collins KA, Pillemer DB, Ivcevic Z, Gooze RA (2007) Cultural scripts guide recall of intensely positive life events. Mem Cognit 35:651-659.
  • Comblain C, D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2005) Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Exp Aging Res 31:173-189.
  • Conway MA, Pleydell-Pearce CW (2000) The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychol Rev 107:261-288.
  • Crespo M, Fernández-Lansac V (2016) Memory and narrative of traumatic events: A literature review. Psychol Trauma 8:149-156.
  • D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2004) Influence of affective meaning on memory for contextual information. Emotion 4:173-188.
  • D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2008) Remembering pride and shame: self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory. Memory 16:538-547.
  • Demiray B, Janssen SMJ (2015) The Self-enhancement function of autobiographical nemory. Appl Cogn Psychol 29:49-60. Dolcos F, Cabeza R (2002) Event-related potentials of emotional memory: Encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2:252-263.
  • Er N, Hoşrik E, Ergün H, Şerif M (2008) Duygu durum değişimlemelerinin otobiyografik bellek üzerindeki etkileri. Turk Psikol Derg 23:1-16.
  • Hayes, AF (2017) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford.
  • Higgins ET (1987) Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychol Rev 94:319-340.
  • Holland AC, Kensinger EA (2010) Emotion and autobiographical memory. Phys Life Rev 7:88-131.
  • Janssen SMJ, Hearne TL, Takarangi MKT (2015) The relation between self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms and the psychological distance of positive and negative events. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 48:177-184.
  • Kaya-Kızılöz B, Altan-Atalay A (2018) Otobiyografik bellek ve psikopatoloji. In Hayatı Hatırlamak: Otobiyografik Belleğe Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar (Eds S Gülgöz, B Ece, S Öner):165-184. İstanbul, Koç University Press.
  • Yaklaşımlar (Eds S Gülgöz, B Ece, S Öner):165-184. İstanbul, Koç University Press.
  • Kensinger EA (2009a) What factors need to be considered to understand emotional memories? Emot Rev1:120-121.
  • Kensinger EA (2009b) Remembering the Details: Effects of Emotion. Emot Rev 1:99-113.
  • Kensinger EA, Corkin S (2003) Memory enhancement for emotional words: are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Mem Cognit 31:1169-1180.
  • Lenhard W, Lenhard A (2014) Hypothesis Tests for Comparing Correlations, Bibergau (Germany): Psychometrica. https://www.psychometrica.de/correlation.html (1 Şubat 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Lerner JS, Li Y, Valdesolo P, Kassam KS (2015) Emotion and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol 66:799-823.
  • Levine L, Bluck S (2004) Painting with broad strokes: Happiness and the malleability of event memory. Cogn Emot 18:559-574.
  • Levine L, Pizarro DA (2004). Emotion and memory research: A grumpy overview. Sos Cogn 22:530-554.
  • Lindeman MIH, Zengel B, Skowronski JJ (2017) An exploration of the relationship among valence, fading affect, rehearsal frequency, and memory vividness for past personal events. Memory 25:724-735.
  • Lishman WA (1974) The speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Psychol Med 4:212-218.
  • Marsh L, Edginton T, Conway MA, Loveday C (2019) Positivity bias in past and future episodic thinking: Relationship with anxiety, depression, and retrieval-induced forgetting. Q J Exp Psychol 72:508-522.
  • Mather M, Sutherland M (2009) Disentangling the effects of arousal and valence on memory for intrinsic details. Emot Rev 1:118-119.
  • Mickley KR, Kensinger EA (2009) Phenomenological characteristics of emotional memories in younger and older adults. Memory 17:528-543.
  • Montebarocci O, Surcinelli P, Rossi NCF (2016) Self-defining and early childhood memories: Subjective intensity rating of memory-related emotions. Am J Appl Psychol 5:32.
  • Newby JM, Moulds ML (2012) A comparison of the content, themes, and features of intrusive memories and rumination in major depressive disorder. Br J Clin Psychol 51:197-205.
  • Öner S, Gülgöz S (2018) Autobiographical remembering regulates emotions: a functional perspective. Memory 26:15-28.
  • del Palacio-Gonzalez A, Berntsen D, Watson LA (2017) Emotional intensity and emotion regulation in response to autobiographical memories during dysphoria. Cognit Ther Res 41:530-542.
  • Pivetti M, Camodeca M, Rapino M (2016) Shame, guilt, and anger: Their cognitive, physiological, and behavioral correlates. Curr Psychol 35:690-699.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2009) Emotional valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: positive and negative memories serve different functions. Mem Cognit 37:477-492.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2010) Personality traits and autobiographical memory: Openness is positively related to the experience and usage of recollections. Memory 18:774-786.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2013) The reality of the past versus the ideality of the future: emotional valence and functional differences between past and future mental time travel. Mem Cognit 41:187-200.
  • Robinaugh DJ, McNally RJ (2010) Autobiographical memory for shame or guilt provoking events: association with psychological symptoms. Behav Res Ther 48:646-652.
  • Rubin DC, Boals A, Berntsen D (2008) Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Properties of voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and nontraumatic autobiographical memories in people with and without PTSD symptoms. J Exp Psychol 137:591-614.
  • Rubin DC, Dennis MF, Beckham JC (2011) Autobiographical memory for stressful events: the role of autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Conscious Cogn 20:840-856.
  • Rubin DC, Talarico JM (2009) A comparison of dimensional models of emotion: evidence from emotions, prototypical events, autobiographical memories, and words. Memory 17:802-808.
  • Sarp N, Tosun A (2011) Duygu ve Otobiyografik Bellek. Psikiyatr Guncel Yaklasimlar 3:446.
  • Schaefer A, Philippot P (2005) Selective effects of emotion on the phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories. Memory 13:148-160.
  • Schwager S, Rothermund K (2014) On the dynamics of implicit emotion regulation: counter-regulation after remembering events of high but not of low emotional intensity. Cogn Emot 28:971-992.
  • Singer JA, Blagov P (2004) The integrative function of narrative processing: Autobiographical memory, self-defining memories, and the life story of identity. In The Self and Memory, (Eds DR Beike, JM Lampinen, DA Behrend):117-138. New York, Psychology Press.
  • Singer J A, Moffitt KH (1992) An experimental investigation of specificity and generality in memory narratives. Imagin Cogn Pers, 11(3):233-257.
  • Talarico JM, LaBar KS, Rubin DC (2004) Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Mem. Cognit. 32:1118-1132.
  • Tekcan AI (2001) Flashbulb memories for a negative and a positive event: News of Desert Storm and acceptance to college. Psychol Rep 88:323-331.
  • Tekcan AI, Boduroglu A, Mutlutürk A, Aktan Erciyes A (2017) Life-span retrieval of public events: Reminiscence bump for high-impact events, recency for others. Mem. Cognit. 45:1095-1112.
  • Tromp S, Koss MP, Figueredo AJ, Tharan M (1995) Are rape memories different? A comparison of rape, other unpleasant, and pleasant memories among employed women. J Trauma Stress 8:607-627.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ (2009) The Fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for? Appl Cogn Psychol 23:1122-1136.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Gibbons J, Vogl R, Thompson C (2003) On the emotions that accompany autobiographical memories: Dysphoria disrupts the fading affect bias. Cogn Emot 17:703-723.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Thompson CP (2003) Life is pleasant—and memory helps to keep it that way! Rev Gen Psychol 7:203-210.
  • Watson LA, Berntsen D, Kuyken W, Watkins ER (2012) The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Conscious Cogn 21:1382-1392.
  • Wilson AE, Ross M (2003) The identity function of autobiographical memory: time is on our side. Memory 11:137-149.
  • Wolf T, Pociunaite J, Hoehne S, Zimprich D (2021) The valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: Does intensity matter? Conscious Cogn 91:103119.

Effect of Emotional Content on Memory Characteristics: Emotional Valence, Emotional Intensity, and Individual Emotions

Year 2022, , 53 - 66, 29.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.18863/pgy.1068175

Abstract

The aim of the present study is to examine the relationships between the emotional valence and emotional intensity of autobiographical memories and the phenomenological characteristics of memories in the context of individual emotions and memory types. Seven hundred and sixty-four students (514 female, 250 male) from Dokuz Eylul University participated in the study. Participants were asked to recall an childhood memory, a self-defining memory, or a romantic relationship memory. After thinking about the memory they remember, they were requested to fill out the Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire and a scale for intensity of individual emotions. Regression analyses showed that emotional intensity of the memories predicted the sensory details, rehearsal, and preoccupation with emotions. In moderated-mediation analyses, mediating effects for emotional intensity were detected between individual emotions and memory characteristics, except for the negative self-esteem emotions. Among these analyses, a moderating effect of memory types was detected only for the relationships between hostile emotions and anxiety-related emotions and the memory characteristics through the mediation of emotional intensity. While the intensity of singular emotions showed stronger relationship with emotional valence, the main variable that predicted memory characteristics overall was the emotional intensity.

Project Number

2012.KB.SOS.010

References

  • Ashbaugh AR, Marinos J, Bujaki B (2018) The impact of depression and PTSD symptom severity on trauma memory. Memory 26:106-116.
  • Barrett LF (2006) Solving the emotion paradox: Categorization and the experience of emotion. Pers Soc Psychol Rev 10:20-46.
  • Berntsen D (1996) Involuntary autobiographical memories. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 10:435-454.
  • Berntsen D, Rubin DC (2007) When a trauma becomes a key to identity: enhanced integration of trauma memories predicts posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Appl Cogn Psychol 21:417-431.
  • Blaine B, Crocker J (1993) Self-Esteem and Self-Serving Biases in Reactions to Positive and Negative Events: An Integrative Review. Self-Esteem: The Puzzle of Low Self-Regard (Ed , RF Baumeister):55-85. Boston, MA: Springer US.
  • Boals A, Rubin DC, Klein K (2008) Memory and coping with stress: the relationship between cognitive-emotional distinctiveness, memory valence, and distress. Memory 16:637-657.
  • Bohanek JG, Fivush R, Walker E (2005) Memories of positive and negative emotional events. Appl Cogn Psychol 19:51-66.
  • Boyacioglu I, Akfirat S (2015) Development and psychometric properties of a new measure for memory phenomenology: The Autobiographical Memory Characteristics Questionnaire. Memory 23:1070-1092.
  • Boyacioglu I, Akfirat S, Yılmaz AE (2017) Gender differences in emotional experiences across childhood, romantic relationship, and self-defining memories. J Cogn Psychol 29:137-150.
  • Bradley MM, Greenwald MK, Petry MC, Lang PJ (1992) Remembering pictures: pleasure and arousal in memory. J Exp Psychol: Learn Mem Cogn 18:379-390.
  • Burnell R, Rasmussen AS, Garry M (2020) Negative memories serve functions in both adaptive and maladaptive ways. Memory 28:494-505.
  • Christianson S-Å (1986). Effects of positive emotional events on memory. Scand J Psychol 27:287-299.
  • Christianson S-Å (1992) Do flashbulb memories differ from other types of emotional memories? In Affect and Accuracy in Recall: Studies of Flashbulb Memories, 4th ed. (Eds EWinograd, U Neisser): 191-211. New York, NY, US: Cambridge University Press.
  • Collins KA, Pillemer DB, Ivcevic Z, Gooze RA (2007) Cultural scripts guide recall of intensely positive life events. Mem Cognit 35:651-659.
  • Comblain C, D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2005) Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories for emotional and neutral events in older and younger adults. Exp Aging Res 31:173-189.
  • Conway MA, Pleydell-Pearce CW (2000) The construction of autobiographical memories in the self-memory system. Psychol Rev 107:261-288.
  • Crespo M, Fernández-Lansac V (2016) Memory and narrative of traumatic events: A literature review. Psychol Trauma 8:149-156.
  • D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2004) Influence of affective meaning on memory for contextual information. Emotion 4:173-188.
  • D’Argembeau A, Van der Linden M (2008) Remembering pride and shame: self-enhancement and the phenomenology of autobiographical memory. Memory 16:538-547.
  • Demiray B, Janssen SMJ (2015) The Self-enhancement function of autobiographical nemory. Appl Cogn Psychol 29:49-60. Dolcos F, Cabeza R (2002) Event-related potentials of emotional memory: Encoding pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci 2:252-263.
  • Er N, Hoşrik E, Ergün H, Şerif M (2008) Duygu durum değişimlemelerinin otobiyografik bellek üzerindeki etkileri. Turk Psikol Derg 23:1-16.
  • Hayes, AF (2017) Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach, 2nd ed. New York, Guilford.
  • Higgins ET (1987) Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect. Psychol Rev 94:319-340.
  • Holland AC, Kensinger EA (2010) Emotion and autobiographical memory. Phys Life Rev 7:88-131.
  • Janssen SMJ, Hearne TL, Takarangi MKT (2015) The relation between self-reported PTSD and depression symptoms and the psychological distance of positive and negative events. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 48:177-184.
  • Kaya-Kızılöz B, Altan-Atalay A (2018) Otobiyografik bellek ve psikopatoloji. In Hayatı Hatırlamak: Otobiyografik Belleğe Bilimsel Yaklaşımlar (Eds S Gülgöz, B Ece, S Öner):165-184. İstanbul, Koç University Press.
  • Yaklaşımlar (Eds S Gülgöz, B Ece, S Öner):165-184. İstanbul, Koç University Press.
  • Kensinger EA (2009a) What factors need to be considered to understand emotional memories? Emot Rev1:120-121.
  • Kensinger EA (2009b) Remembering the Details: Effects of Emotion. Emot Rev 1:99-113.
  • Kensinger EA, Corkin S (2003) Memory enhancement for emotional words: are emotional words more vividly remembered than neutral words? Mem Cognit 31:1169-1180.
  • Lenhard W, Lenhard A (2014) Hypothesis Tests for Comparing Correlations, Bibergau (Germany): Psychometrica. https://www.psychometrica.de/correlation.html (1 Şubat 2022’de ulaşıldı).
  • Lerner JS, Li Y, Valdesolo P, Kassam KS (2015) Emotion and decision making. Annu Rev Psychol 66:799-823.
  • Levine L, Bluck S (2004) Painting with broad strokes: Happiness and the malleability of event memory. Cogn Emot 18:559-574.
  • Levine L, Pizarro DA (2004). Emotion and memory research: A grumpy overview. Sos Cogn 22:530-554.
  • Lindeman MIH, Zengel B, Skowronski JJ (2017) An exploration of the relationship among valence, fading affect, rehearsal frequency, and memory vividness for past personal events. Memory 25:724-735.
  • Lishman WA (1974) The speed of recall of pleasant and unpleasant experiences. Psychol Med 4:212-218.
  • Marsh L, Edginton T, Conway MA, Loveday C (2019) Positivity bias in past and future episodic thinking: Relationship with anxiety, depression, and retrieval-induced forgetting. Q J Exp Psychol 72:508-522.
  • Mather M, Sutherland M (2009) Disentangling the effects of arousal and valence on memory for intrinsic details. Emot Rev 1:118-119.
  • Mickley KR, Kensinger EA (2009) Phenomenological characteristics of emotional memories in younger and older adults. Memory 17:528-543.
  • Montebarocci O, Surcinelli P, Rossi NCF (2016) Self-defining and early childhood memories: Subjective intensity rating of memory-related emotions. Am J Appl Psychol 5:32.
  • Newby JM, Moulds ML (2012) A comparison of the content, themes, and features of intrusive memories and rumination in major depressive disorder. Br J Clin Psychol 51:197-205.
  • Öner S, Gülgöz S (2018) Autobiographical remembering regulates emotions: a functional perspective. Memory 26:15-28.
  • del Palacio-Gonzalez A, Berntsen D, Watson LA (2017) Emotional intensity and emotion regulation in response to autobiographical memories during dysphoria. Cognit Ther Res 41:530-542.
  • Pivetti M, Camodeca M, Rapino M (2016) Shame, guilt, and anger: Their cognitive, physiological, and behavioral correlates. Curr Psychol 35:690-699.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2009) Emotional valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: positive and negative memories serve different functions. Mem Cognit 37:477-492.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2010) Personality traits and autobiographical memory: Openness is positively related to the experience and usage of recollections. Memory 18:774-786.
  • Rasmussen AS, Berntsen D (2013) The reality of the past versus the ideality of the future: emotional valence and functional differences between past and future mental time travel. Mem Cognit 41:187-200.
  • Robinaugh DJ, McNally RJ (2010) Autobiographical memory for shame or guilt provoking events: association with psychological symptoms. Behav Res Ther 48:646-652.
  • Rubin DC, Boals A, Berntsen D (2008) Memory in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Properties of voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and nontraumatic autobiographical memories in people with and without PTSD symptoms. J Exp Psychol 137:591-614.
  • Rubin DC, Dennis MF, Beckham JC (2011) Autobiographical memory for stressful events: the role of autobiographical memory in posttraumatic stress disorder. Conscious Cogn 20:840-856.
  • Rubin DC, Talarico JM (2009) A comparison of dimensional models of emotion: evidence from emotions, prototypical events, autobiographical memories, and words. Memory 17:802-808.
  • Sarp N, Tosun A (2011) Duygu ve Otobiyografik Bellek. Psikiyatr Guncel Yaklasimlar 3:446.
  • Schaefer A, Philippot P (2005) Selective effects of emotion on the phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories. Memory 13:148-160.
  • Schwager S, Rothermund K (2014) On the dynamics of implicit emotion regulation: counter-regulation after remembering events of high but not of low emotional intensity. Cogn Emot 28:971-992.
  • Singer JA, Blagov P (2004) The integrative function of narrative processing: Autobiographical memory, self-defining memories, and the life story of identity. In The Self and Memory, (Eds DR Beike, JM Lampinen, DA Behrend):117-138. New York, Psychology Press.
  • Singer J A, Moffitt KH (1992) An experimental investigation of specificity and generality in memory narratives. Imagin Cogn Pers, 11(3):233-257.
  • Talarico JM, LaBar KS, Rubin DC (2004) Emotional intensity predicts autobiographical memory experience. Mem. Cognit. 32:1118-1132.
  • Tekcan AI (2001) Flashbulb memories for a negative and a positive event: News of Desert Storm and acceptance to college. Psychol Rep 88:323-331.
  • Tekcan AI, Boduroglu A, Mutlutürk A, Aktan Erciyes A (2017) Life-span retrieval of public events: Reminiscence bump for high-impact events, recency for others. Mem. Cognit. 45:1095-1112.
  • Tromp S, Koss MP, Figueredo AJ, Tharan M (1995) Are rape memories different? A comparison of rape, other unpleasant, and pleasant memories among employed women. J Trauma Stress 8:607-627.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ (2009) The Fading affect bias: But what the hell is it for? Appl Cogn Psychol 23:1122-1136.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Gibbons J, Vogl R, Thompson C (2003) On the emotions that accompany autobiographical memories: Dysphoria disrupts the fading affect bias. Cogn Emot 17:703-723.
  • Walker WR, Skowronski JJ, Thompson CP (2003) Life is pleasant—and memory helps to keep it that way! Rev Gen Psychol 7:203-210.
  • Watson LA, Berntsen D, Kuyken W, Watkins ER (2012) The characteristics of involuntary and voluntary autobiographical memories in depressed and never depressed individuals. Conscious Cogn 21:1382-1392.
  • Wilson AE, Ross M (2003) The identity function of autobiographical memory: time is on our side. Memory 11:137-149.
  • Wolf T, Pociunaite J, Hoehne S, Zimprich D (2021) The valence and the functions of autobiographical memories: Does intensity matter? Conscious Cogn 91:103119.
There are 66 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Psychology
Journal Section Research
Authors

İnci Boyacioglu 0000-0002-1863-3792

Kıvanç Konukoğlu 0000-0002-7282-408X

Tolga Ergiyen 0000-0002-5892-0198

Project Number 2012.KB.SOS.010
Publication Date December 29, 2022
Acceptance Date July 19, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022

Cite

AMA Boyacioglu İ, Konukoğlu K, Ergiyen T. Effect of Emotional Content on Memory Characteristics: Emotional Valence, Emotional Intensity, and Individual Emotions. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. December 2022;14(Ek 1):53-66. doi:10.18863/pgy.1068175

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