Örtük Zekâ Teorisi: Gelişime Açık Zihin İnancı

Öz

Bilim insanlarınca zekânın doğuştan gelen, somut, sabit ve nispeten değişmez bir şey mi, yoksa zekânın sabit ve değişmez olmadığını aksine zekânın geliştirilebilir, dinamik, şekil verilebilir ve çaba ile güçlendirilebilir bir şey olduğu yönelik tartışma uzun zamandan beri süregelmiştir. Özellikle bu alanda çalışmalarını yoğunlaştıran Carol Dweck ve arkadaşları da bu konuyu ele alan örtük zekâ teorisini geliştirmişlerdir. İnsanların zekâlarının doğasına ilişkin inançlarını temel alan örtük zekâ teorisine göre bu inançlar bireylerin sahip oldukları entelektüel yeteneklerinin sabit olup olmadığına ya da geliştirip geliştirilmeyeceğine dair bakış açılarıdır. Örtük zekâ teorisi; insanların zihin yapılarıyla ilişkili inançlarını gelişime açık zihin (growth mindset) ve sabit zihin (fixed mindset) olmak üzere iki kısımdan oluşan bir yapı olarak ifade eder. Örtük zeka teorisi zekayı ya istikrarlı, sabit, değişmez ve doğuştan gelen (sabit) ya da geliştirilebilir, dinamik, şekillendirilebilir ve çaba ya da sıkı çalışma ile değiştirilebilir olmak arasında değişen bir şey olarak görür. Bu kuram yakın dönemde daha çok gelişime açık zihin olarak kullanılmaktadır. Kısaca gelişime açık zihin yapısına yönelik uygulamalar insan yeteneklerinin sabit olmadığını ve bu yeteneklerin geliştirilebildiğini ifade eder. Fakat ulusal alan yazında yapılan detaylı tarama sonucunda gelişime açık zihin inancına yönelik herhangi bir çalışmanın olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu yüzden de bu çalışmada Türkiye’de akademik alanda çalışan özellikle genç araştırmacılara ve saha çalışanlarına böylesi etkililiği çok fazla çalışma ile test ediliş ve kanıta dayalı olan gelişime açık zihin inancının tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• örtük zeka teorisi
• zeka
• öğrenme
• gelişime açık zihin inancı
• sabit zihin inancı

Implicit Theory of Intelligence: Growth Mindset

Abstract

There has been a long-standing debate among scientists as to whether intelligence is something innate, tangible, fixed, and relatively unchanging, or whether intelligence is not fixed and unchanging, but rather something that can be developed, dynamic, shaped, and strengthened with effort. Carol Dweck and her colleagues, who have focused their studies in this field, have developed the implicit theory of intelligence, which deals with this topic. According to the implicit theory of intelligence, which is based on people's beliefs about the nature of their intelligence, these beliefs are the perspectives on whether the intellectual abilities of individuals are fixed or whether they can be developed or not. Implicit theory of intelligence; expresses people's beliefs related to their intelligence as a structure consisting of two parts: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset. The implicit theory of intelligence see intelligence as ranging from either being stable, fixed, unchangeable, and innate (fixed mindset) or being improvable, dynamic, malleable, and could be changed by effort or hard work (growth mindset). This theory has been renamed as growth mindset in the recent period. Shortly, growth mindset interventions. Express that human abilities are not fixed and these abilities can be developed. However, as a result of a detailed search in the national literature, it has been determined that there is no study growth mindset. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to introduce growt mindset, whose effectiveness has been tested by many studies and evidence-based, especially to young researchers working in the academic field and field workers in Türkiye.

Keywords

• Implicit theory intelligence
• intelligence
• learning
• growth mindset
• fixed mindset

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