Travma Sonrası Stres Bozukluğunu Açıklayan Bilişsel Modeller ve Travma Mağdurlarında Sık Kullanılan Bilişsel Terapi Yöntemleri

Abstract

Travma, gelişimi ve devamı nedeniyle kişide yoğun korku ve kaygıyla birlikte sık kaçınmalara yol açan ciddi bir durum olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Travmanın gelişimi ve akut doğasının kişide yarattığı sıkıntı ve belirtiler zamanla kendiliğinden düzelmediğinde travma sonrası stres bozukluğu (TSSB) gelişebilmektedir. TSSB gelişiminde kişinin var olan şemalarıyla uyumsuzluk yaşaması ve işlevsel olmayan yeni şemaların ortaya çıkışı etkili olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda travma mağdurlarıyla çalışırken kişide var olan travmatik bilişler hakkında değerlendirmeler yaparak yeniden yapılandırma girişimlerinin, travmatik olayın yeniden anlamlandırılmasında etkili rol oynadığı vurgulanmaktadır. Bu derleme çalışmasında travmanın doğası, bilişsel terapiye göre travmanın ifadesi, travmayı açıklayan kabul görmüş yaygın bilişsel modeller ve bilişsel terapi kapsamında travma mağdurlarında etkisi kanıtlanmış sık kullanılan bilişsel yöntemler literatür kapsamında ele alınmıştır. İlgili literatür araştırmaları kapsamında travmanın gelişimi ve devamında bilişsel süreçlerin etkisi ifade edilerek travma sonrası gelişen bilişleri yakından tanımanın önemli olduğu görülmüş ve bu kapsamda farklı uzmanların travmayı açıklayan modelleri detaylı olarak ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca alınyazındaki araştırma sonuçlarına göre TSSB’de bilişsel terapi müdahale tekniklerinin travmayı sağlıklı olarak yeniden değerlendirmedeki katkısı dikkate alınarak hem mağdura hem de ruh sağlığı profesyonellerine katkı sağlayacağı düşünülen bilişsel terapi yöntemlerine yer verilmiştir.

Keywords

• travma
• bilişsel terapi
• derleme
• travmatik bilişler

Cognitive Models Explaining Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Cognitive Therapy Methods Frequently Used in Trauma Victims

Abstract

Trauma is considered a significant event that causes intense fear and anxiety and frequent avoidance owing to its unfolding and persistence. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may develop when the distress and symptoms caused by the development and acute nature of the trauma do not resolve spontaneously over time. Incompatibility with one's existing schemas and the emergence of new nonfunctional schemas are both effective in the development of PTSD. Thus, while working with trauma victims, attempts to restructure the existing traumatic cognitions by doing assessments about traumatic cognitions play an effective role in reinterpreting the traumatic experience. This review study examines the nature of trauma, the expression of trauma according to cognitive therapy, widely recognized cognitive models explaining trauma, and frequently utilized effective cognitive methods for trauma victims. The impact of cognitive processes on the development and continuation of trauma was expressed, and the models of different experts explaining trauma were discussed in detail. Furthermore, considering the contribution of cognitive therapy intervention techniques for PTSD in healthily reevaluating the trauma, cognitive therapy methods that are thought to contribute to both the victim and mental health professionals are included.

Keywords

• traumatic cognitions
• cognitive therapy
• review
• Trauma

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