Kadına Yönelik Şiddet: Kalıcı ve Yükselen Bir Sorun

Öz

Kadına yönelik şiddet, yaygın olarak gerçekleşen küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Aynı zamanda kadının insan haklarının da ağır bir ihlalidir. Şiddet, kadınların ve buna tanık olan çocukların sağlığı ve refahı üzerinde travmatik etkilere sahiptir. Kadına yönelik şiddet olayları fiziksel, zihinsel, duygusal, cinsel sağlık, üreme sağlığı sorunları ve ölüm ile ilişkilidir. Şiddet ve şiddetin sürmesine neden olan risk faktörlerinden biri olan toplumsal cinsiyet normlarının, aileler ve toplumlar üzerinde de önemli etkileri bulunmakta ve bu olumsuz etkiler sosyal ve ekonomik sınırları aşmaktadır. Bununla birlikte mevcut önleme girişimlerinin ve politika yanıtlarının yetersiz kaldığı da açıktır. Ruh sağlığı uzmanlarının kadına yönelik şiddeti belirlemede, önlemede ve uygun şekilde yanıt vermede önemli rolü vardır ve kadına yönelik şiddet riskini azaltmak için birincil, ikincil ve üçüncül önlemler alabilirler. Ruh sağlığı hizmetleri sunulurken kişilerarası şiddetin farkında olunması ve cinsiyete duyarlı hizmetlerin sağlanması oldukça önemlidir. Bu hizmetler sunulurken kadına yönelik şiddetin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki etkisi ve potansiyel tedavilerin bilinmesi ön koşul olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Şiddetin dinamiklerine ilişkin bilgi birikimi ile birlikte, cinsiyet eşitsizliği gibi sorunlar nedeniyle dezavantajlı durumda olan kadınları güçsüzleştiren risklere karşı da önlemlerin alınması son derece önemli görülmektedir. Bu nedenle bu derlemede kadına yönelik şiddet kavramı ve şiddetin türleri açıklanmakta ve bu kapsamda ruh sağlığı alanında yapılabilecek girişimlere yer verilmektedir. Bu derlemenin alanda çalışan profesyonellerin sorunun ciddiyeti ve şiddetin kadın ruh sağlığını nasıl etkilediği konusunda farkındalığının artmasına katkı sunacağı düşünülmektedir. Buna ek olarak, mevcut çalışmanın ilgili alanda sağlık politikalarının ve önleme yanıtlarının geliştirilmesine yardımcı olmak için şiddet ve sağlık sonuçları arasındaki karmaşık ilişki hakkında içgörü sağlayacağı ümit edilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Kadın
• Şiddet
• Ruh sağlığı
• Önleme

Violence Against Women: A Persistent and Rising Problem

Abstract

Violence against women is a widespread global public health problem. It is also a serious violation of women's human rights. Violence has traumatic effects on the health and well-being of women and the children who witness it. Violence against women is associated with physical, mental, emotional, sexual health, reproductive health problems and death. Violence and gender norms, which are one of the risk factors causing the continuation of violence; also have significant effects on families and societies, and these negative effects cross social and economic boundaries. However, it is also clear that current prevention initiatives and policy responses are insufficient. Mental health professionals have an important role to play in identifying, preventing and responding appropriately to violence against women and may take primary, secondary and tertiary measures to reduce the risk of violence against women. While providing mental health services, İt is very important to be aware of interpersonal violence and to provide gender-sensitive services. When providing these services, the impact of violence against women on mental health and knowledge of potential treatments are considered as a prerequisite. Along with the knowledge about the dynamics of violence, it is considered extremely important to take measures against the risks that weaken women who are disadvantaged due to problems such as gender inequality. For this reason, in this review, the concept of violence against women and the types of violence are explained and in this context, the initiatives that can be made in the field of mental health are included. It is thought that this review will contribute to the awareness of professionals working in the field about the seriousness of the problem and how violence affects women's mental health. It is also hoped that the present study will provide insight into the complex relationship between violence and health outcomes to help improve health policies and prevention responses in the relevant field.

Keywords

• Women
• Violence
• Mental health
• Prevention

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