Pharmacological Treatment of Tourette Disorder

Abstract

Tourette disorder is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by vocal and motor tics. The course of the disorder shows waxing and vaning pattern and symptoms adversely affect patients' quality of life. Patients use psychopharmacologic agents for long periods to control their symptoms during which they also struggle with drug related side effects. Clinicians face serious difficulties in controlling symptoms with psychopharmacological agents. Primarily alpha 2 receptor agonists and antipsychotic drugs have been used in the treatment of Tourette disorder. Risperidone and aripiprazole are the most commonly used new generation antipsychotics in the treatment. In addition there are contradictory findings regarding the use of dopamine agonists, tetrabenazine, topiramate, levatirasetame, and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in these patients.

Keywords

• Tourette Disorder, tics, antipsychotic drugs

Tourette Bozukluğunda İlaç Tedavisi

Öz

Tourette bozukluğu motor ve vokal tiklerle karakterize kronik bir nöropsikiyatrik bozukluktur. Hastalığın seyrinde belirtilerde zaman zaman düzelmeler ve alevlenmeler görülebilmekte ve belirtiler hastaların yaşam kalitesini azaltmaktadır. Hastalar belirtilerinin tedavisi için uzun süre ilaç tedavisi almak zorunda kalmakta ve bunun yanı sıra pek çok ilaç yan etkisi ile karşılaşmaktadırlar. Tourette bozukluğu belirtilerinin farmakoterapi ile kontrolü kimi olgularda klinisyenleri ciddi bir şekilde zorlamaktadır. Tourette bozukluğu tedavisinde en sık alfa 2 reseptör agonistleri ve antipsikotik ilaçlar kullanılmaktadır. Tourette bozukluğu tedavisinde en sık kullanılan yeni nesil antipsikotikler risperidon ve aripiprazoldür. Bunun yanı sıra çelişkili sonuçları olan dopamin agonistleri, tetrabenazin, topiramat, levatirasetam ve delta-9-tetrahidrokannabinol ile yapılan yeni çalışmalar da mevcuttur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Tourette Bozukluğu, tikler, antipsikotik ilaçlar.

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