Sosyal Desteğin Mahkûmların Ruh Sağlığına Etkileri

Öz

Sosyal destek, çok boyutlu ve kapsamlı yapısından da kaynaklı olarak, tanımlanması ve ölçülmesi güç bir kavramdır. Sosyal desteğin ele alınması, özellikle kavramsallaştırılmasındaki güçlükler nedeniyle oldukça zorlu olabilir. Ancak, yine de olumlu psikolojik çıktıları ve olumsuz koşulların etkilerini önleme ve azaltmadaki başarısından dolayı, önemli bir araştırma alanı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Stresli durumları yoğun olarak barındıran cezaevi deneyimi, bu koşullarda sosyal desteğe duyulan artmış ihtiyaca karşın, doğası gereği, sosyal desteği kısıtlayıcı özelliklere sahiptir. Bu ikilemin dengelenmesi, en azından olumsuz etkilerinin azaltılması, ruh sağlığı problemleri açısından dezavantajlı konumda olan mahkûmların ruh sağlığını koruma, iyileştirme ve sürdürme açısından son derece önemlidir. Bu amaca yönelik çabalar, suç davranışının, birey ve toplum bazında yarattığı olumsuz yaşantıları hafifletmekte olumlu etkide bulunabilir. Yukarıdaki kabullerden de hareketle, bu çalışmada, sosyal destek ve mahkûm ruh sağlığı arasındaki ilişkiyi detaylı bir şekilde incelemek ve geliştirilecek araştırma ve müdahalelere katkıda bulunmak amacıyla konu ile ilişkili araştırmalar derlenmiştir. Mevcut çalışma ile sosyal desteğin tanımlanmasına ve kavramsallaştırılmasına yönelik görüşler analiz edilmiş, böylece araştırmalarda sosyal desteğin ele alınışına ışık tutulması hedeflenmiştir. Bu amaca hizmet etmek üzere, sosyal desteğin ruh sağlığı ile ilişkisine dair örnekler verilmiştir. Bunu takiben söz konusu ilişkinin travmatik yaşantılar özelinde nasıl vücut bulduğu tartışılmıştır. Bu tartışma, travmatik yaşantılar barındıran mahkûmiyet hâli özelinde sürdürülmüştür. Değerlendirmeler ışığında, bireysel ve toplumsal boyutta olumlu çıktılar elde etmeye yönelik öneriler sunulmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• sosyal destek
• hükümlülük
• cezaevi
• ruh sağlığı

Effects of Social Support on the Mental Health of Incarcerated Individuals

Abstract

The conceptualization and measurement of social support are challenging mostly due to the scope and multi-dimensionality of the construct. Despite this hardship, it is deemed an important field of research in response to its positive psychological outcomes and success in the prevention and alleviation of the negative impact of challenging life conditions. As harborers of such conditions, prisons add to the need for social support while limiting social support by their very definition. Balancing this conundrum, or at least reducing the impact of the negative conditions of prisons, is of utmost importance to protect, improve, and maintain the mental health of incarcerated individuals who are already at a disadvantage in terms of their mental health. Efforts in pursuit of such a goal may contribute to the mitigation of the negative effects of criminal behaviors on both the individual and society. Thus, this paper reviews research on the relationship between social support and the mental health of incarcerated individuals to further the current discourse and contribute to future research and interventions. To achieve this, different views on the definition and conceptualization of social support were analyzed to light the way for the approaches that might be adopted in future research, followed by the gathering of research on the relationship between mental health and social support. Then, the manifestation of this relationship in traumatic experiences was discussed followed by digging deeper into its implication in incarceration. Finally, suggestions were offered to obtain positive outcomes both for individuals and for society.

Keywords

• social support
• incarceration
• prison
• mental health

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