Suicide Prevention Research from Individual to Social Approach

Abstract

Suicide and self-harm are worldwide problems affecting thousands. There are many reasons and factors to be understood regarding suicide in order to help professionals to intervene before it happens. The studies focusing on individual factors as well as environmental factors need to be well understood in order to be able to make a well-established health policy that is better at preventing suicide. In this review, the concept of suicide, prevalence and prevention of suicide, and the factors related to it have been reviewed. Individualistic and social factors have been taken into account in order to understand the prevention of suicide. Consequently, both an individual and the environment people live in is often important for professionals to understand suicide. Also, the prevalence of suicide might be missing in many cases where people do not report suicide or self-harm related to suicide. Therefore, the screening process must be widened to cover all the people in the area rather than only people who report to the healthcare services. The prevention methods of suicide vary and include both individual approaches and social approaches; therefore, the implication of these various approaches into a prevention intervention seems to be vital. In that regard, education about both mental health problems and suicide, especially for young adults, seems to be effective in preventing suicide. Also, the intersectional approach and social cure for prevention should be considered by professionals for more effective suicide prevention intervention. Lastly, one of the factors seems to be the access to health services in local areas where people feel safe.

Keywords

• suicide prevention
• intersectional approach
• social cure

Bireysel Yaklaşımdan Toplumsal Yaklaşıma İntihar Önleme Araştırmaları

Öz

İntihar ve intihar teşebbüsü sonucu bireylerin gördükleri zararlar, dünya çapında binlerce kişiyi etkilemektedir. Bu sebeple, intihar eylemi gerçekleşmeden önce intiharı anlamak ve profesyonellerin müdahalesine yardımcı olmak önemlidir ve bunu sağlamak için birçok etken vardır. İntiharın önlenmesinde daha iyi bir sağlık politikası oluşturulabilmesi için çevresel faktörlerin yanı sıra bireysel faktörlere de odaklanan çalışmaların iyi anlaşılması gerekmektedir. Bu derlemede, intihar kavramı, intiharın yaygınlığı ve önlenmesi ile ilişkili bireysel ve sosyal faktörler araştırılmıştır. Böylece, bireyin yanı sıra bireyin yaşadığı ortamın da profesyonellerin intiharı anlaması açısından önemli olabileceği anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, insanların intihar ya da intihara bağlı kendine zarar verme vakalarını bildirmediği birçok durum söz konusu olduğundan intiharın yaygınlığı konusundaki bilgiler yetersiz olabilir. Bu nedenle tarama sürecinin genişletilmesi gerekmektedir. Sadece sağlık hizmetine başvuran kişileri değil, bölgedeki tüm insanları kapsayan tarama süreçleri gerçekleştirilmelidir. Ayrıca intiharı önleme yöntemleri de farklılık göstermektedir ve hem bireysel yaklaşımları hem de toplumsal yaklaşımları içermektedir. Bu yaklaşımların intiharı önleme çalışmalarına dahil edilmesi hayati önem taşımaktadır. Özellikle genç yetişkinlere ruh sağlığı sorunları ve intihar konusunda eğitim verilmesi intiharın önlenmesinde etkili görünmektedir. Ayrıca, intiharla daha etkili bir müdahale için kesişimsel yaklaşım ve önleyici sosyal tedavi, profesyoneller tarafından dikkate alınmalıdır. Son olarak intihar önleyici etkenlerden birinin de insanların kendilerini güvende hissettikleri yerel bölgelerde sağlık hizmetlerine erişim olduğu görülmektedir. Mevcut araştırma, bu bilgiler ışığında intihar, sağlık sistemleri, toplumsal yapılar ve potansiyel risk ve koruyucu faktörleri inceleyen kesişimsel intihar araştırmaları ile hassas grupları etkileyebilecek toplumsal ve kesişimsel faktörlere odaklanmayı amaçlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• intiharı önleme
• kesişimsel yaklaşım
• sosyal tedavi

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