Ebeveynlik Faktörleri ve Üstbilişsel İnançlar: Sistematik Bir Gözden Geçirme

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ebeveynlik faktörleri ile üstbilişsel inançlar arasındaki ilişkileri inceleyen alanyazın çalışmalarını sistematik olarak gözden geçirmektir. Bu amaçla ebeveynlik faktörleri ile üstbilişsel inançlar arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemiş olan makaleler belirlenen anahtar kelimeler ve İngilizce karşılıkları kullanılarak Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, TR Dizin, Türk Psikiyatri Dizini ve ULAKBİM veri tabanlarında taranmıştır. Bu incelemeye PRISMA karar kriterine uygun ikisi boylamsal, diğerleri kesitsel olmak üzere 19 niceliksel çalışma dâhil edilmiştir. Bu sistematik incelemede, üstbilişlerle en sık ilişkilendirilen ebeveynlik unsurunun bağlanma örüntüleri olduğu görülmüştür. Bulgular, özellikle güvensiz bağlanmanın olumsuz üstbilişsel inançları besleyebileceğini ve bunun da çeşitli psikolojik sorunları teşvik edebileceğini göstermektedir. Kaygılı bağlanma örüntüsü hiperaktivasyon; kaçıngan bağlanma ise deaktivasyon stratejileriyle ilişkilendirilmiş, her iki stratejinin de bilişsel dikkat sendromu gibi sürdürücü mekanizmaları tetikleyebileceği öne sürülmüştür. Bu bağlamda, ebeveyn tutumları yalnızca doğrudan modelleme yoluyla değil, dolaylı etkiler aracılığıyla da bireysel bilişsel stillerin şekillenmesinde rol oynayabilir. İncelemeye dâhil edilen çalışmaların çoğunluğu kesitsel olsa da özellikle bağlanma ve ebeveynlik stillerinin üstbilişlerle ilişkisine dair güçlü kanıtlar sunmaktadır. Bu bulgular, ebeveyn faktörlerinin üstbilişsel inançların gelişiminde önemli bir rol oynadığını göstermektedir. Bu ilişkinin daha iyi anlaşılmasının, hem mevcut üstbilişsel müdahale yaklaşımlarının zenginleştirilmesine hem de ebeveyn faktörlerini hedefleyen önleyici ve destekleyici müdahalelerin geliştirilmesine katkı sağlayabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Ebeveynlik faktörleri
• Metakognitif inançlar
• Bağlanma örüntüsü
• Ebeveynlik stili

Parenting Factors and Metacognitive Beliefs: A Systematic Review

Abstract

The aim of this study is to systematically review the literature examining the relationships between parenting factors and metacognitive beliefs. To this end, articles that examined the relationship between parenting factors and metacognitive beliefs were searched in the Medline, PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, Web of Science, TR Index, Turkish Psychiatry Index, and ULAKBİM databases using the relevant keywords and their Turkish equivalents. This review, according to PRISMA decision criteria, included 19 quantitative studies, two of which were longitudinal and the others cross-sectional. In this systematic review, it was found that the parenting factor most frequently associated with metacognition was attachment patterns. The findings suggest that insecure attachment may foster negative metacognitive beliefs, which in turn may contribute to various psychological problems. Anxious attachment patterns were associated with hyperactivation, while avoidant attachment was associated with deactivation strategies, and it was suggested that both strategies could trigger sustaining mechanisms such as cognitive attention syndrome. In this context, parental attitudes may play a role in shaping individual cognitive styles not only through direct modeling but also through indirect effects. Although most of the studies included in the review were cross-sectional, they provide strong evidence for the relationship between attachment and parenting styles and metacognition. These findings indicate that parental factors play an important role in the development of metacognitive beliefs. A better understanding of this relationship may contribute to both the enrichment of current metacognitive intervention approaches and the development of preventive and supportive interventions targeting parental factors.

Keywords

• Parenting Factors
• Metacognitive Beliefs
• Attachment Patterns
• Parenting Style

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