Pozitif Psikoterapiler

Öz

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, pozitif psikoloji müdahaleleri bağlamında, pozitif psikoterapilerin incelenmesidir. Çalışmanın genel amacı doğrultusunda; öncelikle psikoterapi kavramının tanımlanmasına değinilmiştir. Ayrıca tarihsel süreçte ortaya çıkan psikoterapiler özet olarak ele alınmıştır. Sonra pozitif psikoloji ve ruh sağlığı ilişkisi ele alınmıştır. Daha sonra pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahalelerin temeli olan iyi oluşun yükseltilmesi konusu incelenmiştir. Konu pozitif psikoloji temelli müdahale çeşitleri çerçevesinde de ele alınmıştır. Çalışmada Seligman ve arkadaşlarının pozitif psikoterapisi, iyi oluş terapisi, yaşam kalitesi terapisi ve Peseschkian’nın pozitif psikoterapisi incelenmiştir. Bu terapilerin etkililiğine yönelik araştırma sonuçlarına değinilmiştir. Sonuç olarak klasik psikoterapiler kadar pozitif psikoterapiler de etkili psikoterapiler olarak değerlendirilmektedir.  Pozitif psikoterapiler ile klasik psikoterapileri bir bütünün iki önemli parçaları olarak görmek, psikoterapiler alanındaki bilimsel gelişmeleri zenginleştirebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Pozitif psikoterapi,yaşam kalitesi,iyi oluş

Positive Psychotherapies

Abstract

The main aim of the present study is to investigate positive psychotherapies with respec to positive psychological interventions. According to main aim of this study, the concept of psychotherapy was investigated. Then, some classical psychotherapies were summarized.  The foundations of positive psychotherapies (increasing of well-being) were mentioned. Positive psychological interventions were also examined. Positive psychotherapies such as Seligman and his friends’ positive psychotherapy, Peseschkian’ positive psychotherapy, well-being therapy and also qualities of life psychotherapy were investigated with respect to effectiveness. As a result, positive psychotherapies are as effective as classical psychotherapies. To see that both classical and positive psychotherapies are inbuilt, might enrich our understanding.

Keywords

• Positive psychotherapy,quality of life,well-being

References

1. Abedi MR, Vostanis P (2010) Evaluation of quality of life therapy for parents of children with obsessive-compulsive disorders in Iran. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 19:605-613.
2. Avcı K, Pala K (2004) Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesinde çalışan araştırma görevlisi ve uzman doktorların yaşam kalitesinin değerlendirilmesi. Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi, 30:81-85.
3. Ballou M, West C (2000). Feminist therapy approaches. In Issues in The Psychology of Women. (Eds M Biaggio, M Hersen):273–297. New York, Kluwer/Plenum.
4. Beck AT (1991) Cognitive therapy: a 30-year retrospective. Am Psychol, 46:368-375.
5. Bloom BL (1997) Planned Short-term Psychotherapy: A Clinical Handbook, 2nd ed. Needham Heights, Allyn-Bacon.
6. Diener E (1984) Subjective well being. Psychol Bull, 95:542-575.
7. Diener BR, Kashdan TB, Minhas G (2011) A dynamic approach to psychological strength development and intervention. J Posit Psychol, 6:106-118.
8. Duckworth LA, Steen TA Seligman ME (2005) Positive psychology in clinical practice. Annu Rev Clin Psychol, 1:629-651.

9. Ellis A (1999) Why rational-emotive therapy to rational emotive behavior therapy? Psychotherapy, 36:154-159.
10. Eryılmaz A (2011a) Yetişkin öznel iyi oluşu ile pozitif psikoterapi bağlamında birincil ve ikincil yetenekler arasındaki ilişkilerin incelenmesi. Klinik Psikiyatri Dergisi, 14:17-28.
11. Eryılmaz A (2011b) Pozitif psikoterapi ve gelişimsel rehberlik bağlamında ergenler için bütçe yönetme konusunda sınıf rehberliği programı. International Journal of Educational Science, 1:1-17.
12. Eryılmaz A (2012) Pozitif psikoterapi bağlamında geliştirilen ergenler için amaçlarıgenişletme grup rehberliği programının etkililiğinin incelenmesi. Eğitim ve Bilim, 37(164):3-19.
13. Eryılmaz A (2013) Pozitif psikolojinin psikolojik danışmanlık ve rehberlik alanında gelişimsel ve önleyici hizmetler bağlamında kullanılması. The Journal of Happiness Well-Being, 1(1):1-22.
14. Eryılmaz A (2014) Herkes İçin Mutluluğun Başucu Kitabı: Kuramdan Uygulamaya Pozitif Psikoloji. Ankara, Pegem Yayınevi.
15. Eryılmaz A (2015) Pozitif grup psikoterapisinin etkililiğinin incelenmesi: bir ön çalışma. Kesit Akademi Dergisi,1(2):13-24.
16. Eryılmaz A, Mutlu T (2016). Kuramdan Uygulamaya Bireyle Psikolojik Danışma. 2. baskı.Ankara, Anı Yayıncılık.
17. Eryılmaz A (2016). Depresyon tanısı alan ve almayan genç yetişkin erkeklerin pozitif psikoterapi yapıları açısından karşılaştırılması. Akademik Bakış Dergisi, 53:294-303.
18. Fava GA, Rafanelli C, Cazzaro M, Conti S, Grandi S (1998) Well-being therapy. a novel psychotherapeutic approach for residual symptoms of affective disorders. Psychol Med, 28: 475-480.
19. Fava GA, Ruini C (2003) Development and characteristics of a well-being enhancing psychotherapeutic strategy: Well-being therapy. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry, 34:45-63.
20. Fava GA, Tomba E, Grandi S (2007) The road to recovery from depression. Psychother Psychosom, 76:260-265.
21. Fava GA, Elena T (2009) Increasing psychological well-being and resilience by psychotherapeutic methods. J Pers, 77:1903-1934.
22. Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Perel JM, Cornes C, Jarrett DB, Mallinger AG et al. (1990) Three year outcomes for maintenance therapies in recurrent depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry, 47:1093–1099.
23. Freud S (1921) A General Introduction to Psychoanalysis. New York, Boni and Liveright.
24. Fredrickson BL., Joiner T. (2002). Positive emotions trigger upward spirals toward emotional well-being. Psychol Sci, 13:172-175.
25. Frisch MB (1998) Quality of life therapy and assessment in health care. Clin Psychol, 5:19-40.
26. Frisch MB (2009). Quality of Life Inventory Handbook: A Guide for Laypersons, Clients, and Coaches. Minneapolis, NCS Pearson and Pearson Assessments.
27. Frisch MB (2013) Evidence-based well-being/positive psychology assessment and intervention with quality of life therapy and coaching and the quality of life inventory (QOLI). Soc Indic Res, 114:193-227.
28. Glasser W (2000) Counseling with Choice Theory. New York, Harper Collins.
29. Grant G, Salcedo V, Hynan LS, Frisch MB (1995) Effectiveness of quality of life therapy. Psychol Rep, 76:1203–1208.
30. Guney S (2011) The Positive Psychotherapy Inventory (PPTI): reliability and validity study in Turkish population. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci, 29:81-86.
31. Hefferon K, Boniwell I (2010) Positive Psychology. NewYork, McGraw Hill.
32. Kesgin Ç, Topuzoğlu A (2006) Sağlığın tanımı, başa çıkma. İstanbul Kültür Üniversitesi Dergisi, 3:47-49.
33. Köknel Ö (1989) Depresyon: Ruhsal Çöküntü. İstanbul, Altın Kitapları.
34. Layous K, Chancellor J, Lyubomirsky S, Wang L, Doraiswamy PM (2011) Delivering happiness: translating positive psychology intervention research for treating major and minor depressive disorders. J Altern Complement Med, 17:675-683.
35. Linley A, Joseph S, Harrington S, Wood AM (2006) Positive psychology: past, present, and (possible) future. J Posit Psychol, 1:3-16.
36. Lü W, Wang Z, Liu Y (2013) A pilot study on changes of cardiac vagal tone in individuals with low trait positive affect: the effect of positive psychotherapy. Int J Psychophysiol, 88:213–217.
37. Maslow AH (1987) Motivation and Personality. New York, Harper-Row.
38. May R (1981) Freedom and Destiny. New York, Norton.
39. Norcross JC (2002) Psychotherapy Relationships that Work: Therapist Contributions and Responsiveness to Patients. London, Oxford University Press.
40. Özmen M (2008) Psikoterapiler. In Türkiye’de Sık Karşılaşılan Psikiyatrik Hastalıklar Sempozyumu (Eds M Uğur, İ Balcıoğlu, N Kocabaşoğlu):303-322. İstanbul, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi Yayınları.
41. Perls F (1969) Gestalt Therapy Verbatim. New York, Real People Press.
42. Peseschkian N (1980) Positive Family Therapy. New York, Springer.
43. Peseschkian N (1996) Positive Family Therapy. The Family As Therapist. New Delhi, Sterling Paperbacks.
44. Peseschkian N (2000) Positive Psychotherapy. New Delhi, Sterling Publishers.
45. Peseschkian N (2009) Three pillars of positive psychotherapy: about depression in different cultures. Int J Psychother, 13(2):11-17.
46. Pirnia B (2015) The effectiveness of group positive-therapy (ppt) and well-being therapy (wbt) on attitude towards drug abuse in patients under methadone maintenance therapy. World J Med Sci, 12:354-360.
47. Rashid, T. (2015). Positive psychotherapy: a strength-based approach. J Posit Psychol, 10:25-40.
48. Rashid T, Anjum A, Quinlin D, Niemiec R, Mayerson D, Kazemi F (2013) Assessment of positive traits in children and adolescents. In Research, Applications and Interventions for Children and Adolescents: A Positive Psychology Perspective (Eds A Linley, C Proctor):81-116. Amsterdam, Springer.
49. Rodrigue JR, Baz MA, Widows MR, Ehlers SL (2005) A randomized evaluation of quality of life therapy with patients awaiting lung transplantation. Am J Transplant, 5:2425–2432.
50. Rodrigue JR, Mandelbrot DA, Pavlakis M (2011) A psychological intervention to improve quality of life and reduce psychological distress in adults awaiting kidney transplantation. Nephrol Dial Transplant, 26:709–715.
51. Rogers CR (1957) The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change. J Consult Psychol, 21:95-103.
52. Ruini C, Fava GA (2009) Well-being therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. J Clin Psychol, 65, 510–519.
53. Ryff CD (1989) Happiness is everything, or is it? explorations of the meaning of psychological wellbeing. J Pers Soc Psychol, 57:1069-1081.
54. Ryff CD, Keyes CLM (1995) The structure of psychological well-being revisited. J Pers Soc Psychol, 69:719–727.
55. Ryff CD, Singer BH (2006) Best news yet on the six-factor model of well-being. Soc Sci Res, 35:1103-1119.
56. Sarı T (2015) Pozitif psikoterapi: gelişimi, temel ilke ve yöntemleri ve Türk kültürüne uygulanabilirliği. The Journal of Happiness Well-Being, 3:182-203.
57. Seligman M (2002) Authentic Happiness: Using the New Positive Psychology to Realize Your Potential Your Potential For Lasting Fulfillment. New York, Free Press.
58. Seligman ME (2008) Positive health. Appl Psychol, 57:3-18.
59. Seligman MEP (2011) Flourish: A Visionary New Understanding of Happiness and Well Being. New York, Free Press.
60. Seligman ME, Csikszentmihalyi M (2000) Positive psychology: an introduction. Am Psychol, 55:5–14.
61. Seligman ME, Rashid T, Parks AC (2006) Positive psychotherapy. Am Psychol, 61:774-788.
62. Sheldon KM, King L (2001) Why positive psychology is necessary. Am Psychol, 56:216- 217.
63. Sin NL, Lyubomirsky S (2009) Enhancing well-being and alleviating depressive symptoms with positive psychology interventions: a practice friendly meta-analysis. J Clin Psychol, 65:467-487.
64. Singh K, Choubisa R (2009) Effectiveness of self focused intervention for enhancing students’ well-being. Journal of Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 35:23-32.
65. Skinner BF (1953) Science and Human Behavior. New York, Free Press.
66. Sue DW, Ivey AE, Pedersen, PB (1996) A Theory of Multicultural Counseling and Therapy. California, Brooks/Cole.
67. TDK (2016) Güncel Türkçe Sözlük. Available from www.tdk.org.tr/index.php?option=com_gts&view=gts. Accessed date:25.10.2016.
68. Top MŞ, Özden, SY, Sevim ME (2003) Psikiyatride yaşam kalitesi. Düşünen Adam Dergisi, 16:18-23.
69. Vaillant GE (2002) Aging Well. Boston, Little Brown.
70. Wolpe J (1990) The Practice of Behavior Therapy, 4th ed. New York, Pergamon.