Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu ve Genetik

Öz

Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu (DEHB) üç temel özelliği çocukluk döneminde başlayan dikkatsizlik, gelişimsel düzeye uygun olmayan aşırı hareketlilik ve dürtüsellik olan nörogelişimsel bir bozukluktur. Dünya çapında yaygınlığı çocuklarda %5-12 ve yetişkinlerde %4.4 kadardır. DEHB hem birey hem de aile ve toplum açısından önemli sorunlara zemin hazırlamaktadır ve bu nedenle bozuk-luğun erken tanınması ve aynı zamanda bozukluğa yatkınlık oluşturan faktörlerin anlaşılması önemli-dir. DEHB, etyolojisinde genetik ve çevresel faktörlerin rol oynadığı multifaktöriyel bir bozukluktur. Yapılan tüm çalışmalar DEHB’nin kalıtılabilirlik oranının %76 gibi hayli yüksek bir oranda olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu yazıda DEHB genetiği ikiz çalışmaları, evlat edinme çalışmaları, aile çalışmaları, segregasyon analizleri ve moleküler genetik çalışmalar şeklinde sınıflandırılarak anlatılmış ve DEHB’nin genetik yönünün gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• Genetik,dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu,dopamin

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Genetics

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder of which three basic symptoms are lack of attention, over-activity that is improper to the age and impulsivity, all of which appear in childhood. Its incidence is %5-12 in children and %4.4 in adults throughout the world. ADHD provides a basis for important problems for both patient, family and society and thus it is important to diagnose the disorder early and understand the factors that create predisposition to the disorder. ADHD is a multifactorial disorder with an etiology of genetic and environmental com-ponents. The importance of genetic factors first implied by Cantwell and Morrison is supported by many studies ever since. All these studies showed that inheritance rate of ADHD is as high as %76. The aim of this article is to explain ADHD genetics in categorization of twin studies, adoption studies, family studies, segregation analyzes and molecular genetic researches and to review the genetic component of ADHD.

Keywords

• Genetics,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,dopamine

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