Kronik Ruhsal Bozukluğu Olan Bireylerin Gereksinimleri: Sistematik Derleme

Abstract

Bu sistematik derleme, kronik ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireylerin gereksinimleri ve etkileyen faktörleri saptayan son on yıl içindeki araştırmaları değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Sistematik derlemenin literatür taraması “Pubmed”, “Google Scholar”, “Science Direct”, “Medline”, “Ebsco” “Cochrane” veri tabanlarında İngilizce ve Türkçe anahtar kelimeler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. İncelenen literatür sonucunda 2008 ve 2018 yılları arasında, kronik ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireyler ile yapılmış olan 20 çalışma derlemeye dahil edilmiştir. İncelenen araştırmaların 19’u tanımlayıcı, biri ise randomize kontrollü deneysel çalışmadır. İncelemeye alınan çalışmaların örneklem büyüklüğü 35 ve 588 aralığındadır. Hastaların sosyal ve yakın ilişkiler, fiziksel sağlık durumu, hastalık durumu ve tedavi hakkında bilgi, gündüz aktiviteleri, psikolojik sıkıntı gibi psikososyal gereksinimlerinin çoğunlukla karşılanmadığı bulunmuştur. Hasta bireylerin gereksinimlerinin yaş, cinsiyet, etnik köken, hastalık tanısı, hastalık süresi ve yatış sayısı gibi sosyo-demografik özelliklerden etkilendiği saptanmıştır. Ayrıca hastaların gereksinimlerinin sosyo-ekonomik durum ile işlevsellik ve semptom şiddeti gibi değişkelerden etkilendiği bulunmuştur. Bu sistematik derlemede, hastaların bir çok alanda gereksinimi olduğu ve sosyo-demografik ve ekonomik faktörlerin, hastalık özelliklerinin gereksinimleri etkilediği görülmektedir. Kronik ruhsal bozukluğu olan bireylerin gereksinimlerini karşılamaya yönelik müdahalelerin planlanması ve uygulanması, bireylerin toplumda yaşamını sürdürebilmesi için önemlidir.

Keywords

• kronik ruhsal bozukluk,gereksinim,gereksinim değerlendirme

Needs of Individuals with Chronic Mental Disorder: A Systematic Review

Abstract

This systematic review was undertaken to assess the needs of individuals with chronic mental illness and the investigations in the last decade that have identified the factors that affected them. The systematic review of the literature was conducted using the keywords "Pubmed", "Google Scholar", "Science Direct", "Medline", "Ebsco", "Cochrane". The studies were evaluated within the inclusion and exclusion criteria. As a result of the literature reviewed, between 2008 and 2018, 20 studies with patients with chronic mental disorders were included in the review. Nineteen of the investigated studies are descriptive and one is randomized controlled experimental work. The sample size of the studies studied is between 35 and 588. Psychosocial needs such as social and close relationships, physical health status, disease status and treatment information, daytime activities and psychological distress were mostly unmet. It was determined that the needs of the patients were affected by socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, ethnicity, disease diagnosis, disease duration and number of hospitalizations. In addition, it was found that the needs of patients were affected by socio-economic status and functionality and symptom severity. In this systematic review, it is seen that patients need many areas and socio-demographic and economic factors and disease characteristics affect the require-ments. The planning and implementation of interventions to meet the needs of individuals with chronic mental disorders is important for the survival of individuals in community.

Keywords

• Chronic mental disorder,need,need assessment

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