Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklara Yönelik Hayvan Destekli Müdahalelerle Yürütülen Araştırmaların İncelenmesi

Öz

Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2000-2019 yılları arasında otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan çocuklara hayvan destekli müdahaleler aracılığıyla sunulan uygulamaların etkisini tek- denekli araştırma modelleriyle sınayan çalışmaları demografik, yöntemsel ve bulgu değişkenleri açısından incelemektir. Bu bağlamda yapılan alanyazın taramasında dâhil etme ve hâriç tutma kriterlerini karşılayan 11 makale incelemeye alınmış ve betimsel olarak analiz edilmiştir. Analiz sonucunda, bir çalışma dışında tüm çalışmalarda kullanılan hayvan destekli müdahalenin otizm spektrum bozukluğu olan katılımcıların hedef becerilerinde olumlu etki yarattığı ve gelişim sağladığı tespit edilmiştir. Ancak, araştırmaların çoğunun AB ve ABA modeli gibi en temel ve deneysel kontrol açısından zayıf olarak nitelendirilen tek- denekli araştırma modelleri ile desenlendiği ve bazı araştırmaların yinelenebilir özellikte raporlanmadığı belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda hayvan destekli müdahalelerin etkilerini sınayan, katılımcı özellikleri, başlama düzeyi ve uygulama evrelerinin daha ayrıntılı ve açık bir biçimde rapor edildiği yinelenebilir özellikte daha fazla sayıda araştırmaya gereksinim olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler

• otizm
• otizm spektrum bozukluğu
• hayvan destekli aktivite
• hayvan destekli terapi
• hayvan destekli müdahale

A Review of Studies Conducted with Animal Assisted Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Abstract

The aim of this study is to examine the studies’ effects of the practices offered through animal assisted interventions to children with autism spectrum disorder between 2000 and 2019 in terms of demographic, methodological and results variables. In this context, 11 articles meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were reviewed and analyzed descriptively. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the animal assisted interventions used in all studies except one study had a positive effect on the target skills of the participants with autism spectrum disorder and provided improvement. However, it was determined that most of the studies were designed with single-subject research models such as the AB and ABA models, which were considered to be weak in terms of the most basic and experimental control, and some studies were not reported as reproducible. In this respect, it is thought that more reproducible studies are needed to test the effects of animal assisted interventions, and to report the participant characteristics, baseline and implementation phases in more detail and clearly.

Keywords

• Autism
• autism spectrum disorder
• animal assisted activity
• animal assisted therapy
• animal assisted treatment

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