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Bipolar Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Comorbidity

Year 2014, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 429 - 437, 06.11.2014

Necla Keskin Lut Tamam

https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20140121115811

Abstract

The comorbidity of bipolar disorder and anxiety disorders is a well known concept. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is the most commonly seen comorbid anxiety disorder in bipolar patients. Some genetic variants, neurotransmitters especially serotonergic systems and second-messenger systems are thought to be responsible for its etiology. Bipolar disorder alters the clinical aspects of obsessive compulsive disorder and is associated with poorer outcome. The determination of comorbidity between bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder is quite important for appropriate clinical management and treatment.

Keywords

Bipolar disorder obsessive compulsive disorder clinical management

References

  • S Issler CK, Sant’anna MK, Kapczinski F, Lafer B. Anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2004; 26:31-36.
  • Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Comorbidity of panic disorder in bipolar illness: evidence from the Epidemiological Catchment Area survey. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:280-282.
  • Boylan KR, Bieling PJ, Marriott M, Begin H, Young LT, MacQueen GM. Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on outcome in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:1106-1113.
  • Cassano GB, Pini S, Saettoni M, Dell’Osso L. Multiple anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with mood spectrum disorders with psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:474-476.
  • Cosoff SJ, Hafner RJ. The prevalence of comorbid anxiety in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Aust NZJ Psychiatry 1998; 32:67-72.
  • McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Frye MA, Denicoff KD et al. Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:420-426.
  • Feske U, Frank E, Mallinger AG Houck PR, Fagiolini A, Shear MK et al. Anxiety as a correlate of response to the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:956-962.
  • Himmelhoch JM. Social anxiety, hypomania and the bipolar spectrum: data, theory and clinical issues. J Affect Disord 1998; 50:203-213.
  • Pini S, Cassano GG, Simonini E, Savino M, Russo A, Montgomery SA. Prevalence of anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar depression, unipolar depression and dysthymia. J Affect Disord 1997; 42:145-153.
  • Pini S, Dell’Osso L, Mastrocinque C, Marcacci G, Papasogli A, Vignoli S et al. Axis I comorbidity in bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 175:467-471.
  • Kiara R. Timpano KR, Rubenstein LM, Murphy DL. Phenomenological features and clinical impact of affective disorders in OCD: a focus on the bipolar disorder and OCD connection. Depress Anxiety. 2012; 29:226-233.
  • Freeman MP, Freeman SA, McElroy SL. The comorbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders: prevalence, psychobiology, and treatment issues. J Affect Disord 2002 ; 68:1-23.
  • Myers JE, Thase ME. Anxiety in the patient with bipolar disorder: recognition, significance and approaches to treatment. Psychiatr Ann 2000; 30:456-464.
  • Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Comorbidity for obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders. Psychiatry Res 1995; 59:57-64.
  • Krüger S, Cooke RG, Hasey GM, Jorna T, Persad E. Comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1995; 34:117-120.
  • Krüger S, Baruning P, Cooke RG. Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered inpatients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2:71-74.
  • Simon NM, Otto MW, Wisniewski SR, Fossey M, Sagduyu K, Frank E et al. Anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients: Data from the first 500 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Am J Psychiatry, 2004; 161:2222-2229.
  • Tamam L, Özpoyraz N. Comorbidity of anxiety disorder among patients with bipolar I disorder in remission. Psychopathology 2002; 35:203-209.
  • Cazard F, Ferreri F. Bipolar disorders and comorbid anxiety: prognostic impact and therapeutic challenges. Encephale 2013; 39:66-74.
  • Darby L, Agius M, Zaman R. Co-morbidity of bipolar affective disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder in a Bedford community psychiatry team. Psychiatr Danub 2011; 23:130-133.
  • Schaffer A, McIntosh D, Goldstein BI, Rector NA, McIntyre RS, Beaulieu S et al. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012; 24:6-22.
  • Altındağ A, Yanık M, Nebioğlu M. The comorbidity of anxiety disorders in bipolar I patients: prevalence and clinical correlates. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2006; 43:10-15.
  • Zutshi A, Reddy YC, Thennarasu K, Chandrashekhar CR. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:428-436.
  • Koyuncu A, Tükel R, Ozyildirim I, Meteris H, Yazici O. Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity on the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:293-297.
  • Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Pfanner C, Presta S, Gemignani A, Milanfranchi A et al. The clinical impact of bipolar and unipolar affective comorbidity on obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 1997; 45:15-23.
  • Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Ramaciotti S, Nassini S, Toni C, Milanfranchi A et al. Depressive comorbidity of panic, social phobic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders re-examined: Is there a bipolar II connection? Psychiatr Res 1999; 33:53-61.
  • Murphy DL, Moya PR, Fox MA, Rubenstein LM, Wendland JR, Timpano KR. Anxiety and affective disorder comorbidity related to serotonin and other neurotransmitter systems: obsessive-compulsive disorder as an example of overlapping clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120435.
  • Saunders EF, Fitzgerald KD, Zhang P, McInnis MG. Clinical features of bipolar disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders differ between men and women. Depress Anxiety 2012; 29:739-746.
  • Goes FS, McCusker MG, Bienvenu OJ, Mackinnon DF, Mondimore FM, Schweizer B; National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Consortium, Depaulo JR, Potash JB. Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1449-1459.
  • Perugi G, Toni C. Bipolarity presenting as anxiety disorder. Prim Psychiatry 2004; 11:31-35.
  • Mahasuar R, Janardhan Reddy YC, Math SB. Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65:423-33.
  • Hantouche EG, Angst J, Demonfaucon C, Perugi G, Lancrenon S, Akiskal HS. Cyclotymic OCD: a distinct form? J Affect Disord 2003; 75:1-10.
  • Zutshi A, Kamath P, Reddy YC. Bipolar and nonbipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical exploration. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48:245-251.
  • Magalhães PV, Kapczinski NS, Kapczinski F. Correlates and impact of obsessive-compulsive comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:353-356.
  • Fineberg NA, Hengartner MP, Bergbaum C, Gale T, Rössler W, Angst J. Lifetime comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and sub-threshold obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in the community: impact, prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2013; 17:188-196.
  • Maina G, Albert U, Pessina E, Bogetto F. Bipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disorders. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9:722-729.
  • Dell'Osso B, Buoli M, Bortolussi S, Camuri G, Vecchi V, Altamura AC. Patterns of Axis I comorbidity in relation to age in patients with Bipolar Disorder: a cross-sectional analysis. J Affect Disord 2011; 130:318-322.
  • Masi G, Perugi G, Toni C, Millepiedi S, Mucci M, Bertini N et al. Obsessive-compulsive bipolar comorbidity: focus on children and adolescents. J Affect Disord. 2004; 78:175-183.
  • Sasson Y, Chopra M, Harrari E, Amitai K, Zohar J. Bipolar comorbidity: from diagnostic dilemmas to therapeutic challenge. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2003; 6:139-144.
  • Raja N, Azzoni A. Clinical management of obsessive-compulsive-bipolar comorbidity: a case series. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6:264-270.
  • Young LT, Cooke RG, Robb JC, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Anxious and non-anxious bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1993; 29:49-52. Keck PE, Strawn JR, McElroy SL. Pharmacologic treatment considerations in co-occurring bipolar and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:8-15.
  • Bystritsky A, Ackerman DL, Rosen RM Vapnik T, Gorbis E, Maidment KM et al, Augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder using adjunctive olanzapine: a placebo controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:565-568.
  • Connor KM, Payne VM, Gadde KM, Zhang W, Davidson JR. The use of aripiprazole in obsessive compulsive disorder: preliminary observations in 8 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:49-51.
  • Denys D, Van Megen H, Westenberg H. Quetiapine addition to serotonin reputake inhibitor treatment in patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:700-703.
  • Metin O, Yazıcı K, Tot S, Yazici AE. Amisulpiride augmentation in treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:463-467.
  • Pfanner C, Marazziti D, Dell’Osso L. Risperidone augmentation in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder: an open-label study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 10:349-350.
  • Lykouras L, Alevizos B, Michalopoulou P, Rabavilas A. Obsessive compulsive symptoms induced by atypical antipsychotics. a review of the reported cases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003; 27:333-346.
  • Karataş KS, Güler J, Hariri A. Bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder comorbidity: three case reports. Journal of Mood Disorders 2013; 3:33-36.
  • Rakofsky JJ, Dunlop BW. Treating nonspecific anxiety and anxiety disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:81-90.
  • Joshi G, Mick E, Wozniak J, Geller D, Park J, Strauss S et al. Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on the antimanic response to olanzapine therapy in youth with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010; 12:196-204.
  • Uguz F. Successful treatment of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder with aripiprazole in three patients with bipolar disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010; 32:556-558.
  • Bülbül F, Copoglu US, Alpak G, Unal A, Tastan MF, Savas HA. Maintenance therapy with electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with a codiagnosis of bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J ECT 2013; 29:21-22.
  • Herstowska M, Cubala WJ. Essitalopram efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder. Düşünen Adam 2013; 26:115-116
  • Provencher MD, Hawke LD, Thienot E. Psychotherapies for comorbid anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2011; 133:371-380. Necla Keskin, Dr., Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana; Lut Tamam, Prof. Dr., Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana Yazışma Adresi/Correspondence: Necla Keskin, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana, Turkey. E-mail: neclakeskin@yahoo.com.tr Yazarlar bu makale ile ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir. The authors reported no conflict of interest related to this article. Çevrimiçi adresi / Available online at: www.cappsy.org/archives/vol6/no4/ Çevrimiçi yayım / Published online 21 Ocak/January 21, 2014; doi: 10.5455/cap.20140121115811

Bipolar Bozukluk Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Birlikteliği

Year 2014, Volume: 6 Issue: 4, 429 - 437, 06.11.2014

Necla Keskin Lut Tamam

https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20140121115811

Abstract

Bipolar bozukluk ile birlikte anksiyete bozukluklarının sık görüldüğü ve en sık görülen anksiyete bozukluğunun obsesif kompulsif bozukluk olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu birlikteliğin etyolojisinde genetik yatkınlığın yanısıra başta serotonerjik sistem olmak üzere çeşitli nörotransmitter sistemlerin ve bazı ikincil haberci sistemlerin rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir. Bipolar bozukluk, obsesif kompulsif bozukluk klinik görünümünde değişikliklere yol açmakta ve daha kötü hastalık gidişi ile ilişkilendi-rilmektedir. Bu birlikteliğin tanınması, hastalara doğru tanı konması ve uygun tedavi yaklaşımlarının belirlenmesinde önemlidir.

Keywords

Bipolar bozukluk obsesif kompulsif bozukluk tedavi yaklaşımları

References

  • S Issler CK, Sant’anna MK, Kapczinski F, Lafer B. Anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Rev Bras Psiquiatr 2004; 26:31-36.
  • Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Comorbidity of panic disorder in bipolar illness: evidence from the Epidemiological Catchment Area survey. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:280-282.
  • Boylan KR, Bieling PJ, Marriott M, Begin H, Young LT, MacQueen GM. Impact of comorbid anxiety disorders on outcome in a cohort of patients with bipolar disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:1106-1113.
  • Cassano GB, Pini S, Saettoni M, Dell’Osso L. Multiple anxiety disorder comorbidity in patients with mood spectrum disorders with psychotic disorders. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:474-476.
  • Cosoff SJ, Hafner RJ. The prevalence of comorbid anxiety in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder and bipolar disorder. Aust NZJ Psychiatry 1998; 32:67-72.
  • McElroy SL, Altshuler LL, Suppes T, Keck PE, Frye MA, Denicoff KD et al. Axis I psychiatric comorbidity and its relationship to historical illness variables in 288 patients with bipolar disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2001; 158:420-426.
  • Feske U, Frank E, Mallinger AG Houck PR, Fagiolini A, Shear MK et al. Anxiety as a correlate of response to the acute treatment of bipolar I disorder. Am J Psychiatry 2000; 157:956-962.
  • Himmelhoch JM. Social anxiety, hypomania and the bipolar spectrum: data, theory and clinical issues. J Affect Disord 1998; 50:203-213.
  • Pini S, Cassano GG, Simonini E, Savino M, Russo A, Montgomery SA. Prevalence of anxiety disorders comorbidity in bipolar depression, unipolar depression and dysthymia. J Affect Disord 1997; 42:145-153.
  • Pini S, Dell’Osso L, Mastrocinque C, Marcacci G, Papasogli A, Vignoli S et al. Axis I comorbidity in bipolar disorder with psychotic features. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 175:467-471.
  • Kiara R. Timpano KR, Rubenstein LM, Murphy DL. Phenomenological features and clinical impact of affective disorders in OCD: a focus on the bipolar disorder and OCD connection. Depress Anxiety. 2012; 29:226-233.
  • Freeman MP, Freeman SA, McElroy SL. The comorbidity of bipolar and anxiety disorders: prevalence, psychobiology, and treatment issues. J Affect Disord 2002 ; 68:1-23.
  • Myers JE, Thase ME. Anxiety in the patient with bipolar disorder: recognition, significance and approaches to treatment. Psychiatr Ann 2000; 30:456-464.
  • Chen YW, Dilsaver SC. Comorbidity for obsessive-compulsive disorder in bipolar and unipolar disorders. Psychiatry Res 1995; 59:57-64.
  • Krüger S, Cooke RG, Hasey GM, Jorna T, Persad E. Comorbidity of obsessive compulsive disorder in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1995; 34:117-120.
  • Krüger S, Baruning P, Cooke RG. Comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder in recovered inpatients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2000; 2:71-74.
  • Simon NM, Otto MW, Wisniewski SR, Fossey M, Sagduyu K, Frank E et al. Anxiety disorder comorbidity in bipolar disorder patients: Data from the first 500 participants in the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD). Am J Psychiatry, 2004; 161:2222-2229.
  • Tamam L, Özpoyraz N. Comorbidity of anxiety disorder among patients with bipolar I disorder in remission. Psychopathology 2002; 35:203-209.
  • Cazard F, Ferreri F. Bipolar disorders and comorbid anxiety: prognostic impact and therapeutic challenges. Encephale 2013; 39:66-74.
  • Darby L, Agius M, Zaman R. Co-morbidity of bipolar affective disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder in a Bedford community psychiatry team. Psychiatr Danub 2011; 23:130-133.
  • Schaffer A, McIntosh D, Goldstein BI, Rector NA, McIntyre RS, Beaulieu S et al. The Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatments (CANMAT) task force recommendations for the management of patients with mood disorders and comorbid anxiety disorders. Ann Clin Psychiatry 2012; 24:6-22.
  • Altındağ A, Yanık M, Nebioğlu M. The comorbidity of anxiety disorders in bipolar I patients: prevalence and clinical correlates. Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci 2006; 43:10-15.
  • Zutshi A, Reddy YC, Thennarasu K, Chandrashekhar CR. Comorbidity of anxiety disorders in patients with remitted bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2006; 256:428-436.
  • Koyuncu A, Tükel R, Ozyildirim I, Meteris H, Yazici O. Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder comorbidity on the sociodemographic and clinical features of patients with bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:293-297.
  • Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Pfanner C, Presta S, Gemignani A, Milanfranchi A et al. The clinical impact of bipolar and unipolar affective comorbidity on obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 1997; 45:15-23.
  • Perugi G, Akiskal HS, Ramaciotti S, Nassini S, Toni C, Milanfranchi A et al. Depressive comorbidity of panic, social phobic, and obsessive-compulsive disorders re-examined: Is there a bipolar II connection? Psychiatr Res 1999; 33:53-61.
  • Murphy DL, Moya PR, Fox MA, Rubenstein LM, Wendland JR, Timpano KR. Anxiety and affective disorder comorbidity related to serotonin and other neurotransmitter systems: obsessive-compulsive disorder as an example of overlapping clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2013; 368:20120435.
  • Saunders EF, Fitzgerald KD, Zhang P, McInnis MG. Clinical features of bipolar disorder comorbid with anxiety disorders differ between men and women. Depress Anxiety 2012; 29:739-746.
  • Goes FS, McCusker MG, Bienvenu OJ, Mackinnon DF, Mondimore FM, Schweizer B; National Institute of Mental Health Genetics Initiative Bipolar Disorder Consortium, Depaulo JR, Potash JB. Co-morbid anxiety disorders in bipolar disorder and major depression: familial aggregation and clinical characteristics of co-morbid panic disorder, social phobia, specific phobia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychol Med 2012; 42:1449-1459.
  • Perugi G, Toni C. Bipolarity presenting as anxiety disorder. Prim Psychiatry 2004; 11:31-35.
  • Mahasuar R, Janardhan Reddy YC, Math SB. Obsessive-compulsive disorder with and without bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2011; 65:423-33.
  • Hantouche EG, Angst J, Demonfaucon C, Perugi G, Lancrenon S, Akiskal HS. Cyclotymic OCD: a distinct form? J Affect Disord 2003; 75:1-10.
  • Zutshi A, Kamath P, Reddy YC. Bipolar and nonbipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder: a clinical exploration. Compr Psychiatry 2007; 48:245-251.
  • Magalhães PV, Kapczinski NS, Kapczinski F. Correlates and impact of obsessive-compulsive comorbidity in bipolar disorder. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:353-356.
  • Fineberg NA, Hengartner MP, Bergbaum C, Gale T, Rössler W, Angst J. Lifetime comorbidity of obsessive-compulsive disorder and sub-threshold obsessive-compulsive symptomatology in the community: impact, prevalence, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics.Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2013; 17:188-196.
  • Maina G, Albert U, Pessina E, Bogetto F. Bipolar obsessive-compulsive disorder and personality disorders. Bipolar Disord 2007; 9:722-729.
  • Dell'Osso B, Buoli M, Bortolussi S, Camuri G, Vecchi V, Altamura AC. Patterns of Axis I comorbidity in relation to age in patients with Bipolar Disorder: a cross-sectional analysis. J Affect Disord 2011; 130:318-322.
  • Masi G, Perugi G, Toni C, Millepiedi S, Mucci M, Bertini N et al. Obsessive-compulsive bipolar comorbidity: focus on children and adolescents. J Affect Disord. 2004; 78:175-183.
  • Sasson Y, Chopra M, Harrari E, Amitai K, Zohar J. Bipolar comorbidity: from diagnostic dilemmas to therapeutic challenge. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2003; 6:139-144.
  • Raja N, Azzoni A. Clinical management of obsessive-compulsive-bipolar comorbidity: a case series. Bipolar Disord 2004; 6:264-270.
  • Young LT, Cooke RG, Robb JC, Levitt AJ, Joffe RT. Anxious and non-anxious bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 1993; 29:49-52. Keck PE, Strawn JR, McElroy SL. Pharmacologic treatment considerations in co-occurring bipolar and anxiety disorders. J Clin Psychiatry 2006; 67:8-15.
  • Bystritsky A, Ackerman DL, Rosen RM Vapnik T, Gorbis E, Maidment KM et al, Augmentation of serotonin reuptake inhibitors in refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder using adjunctive olanzapine: a placebo controlled trial. J Clin Psychiatry 2004; 65:565-568.
  • Connor KM, Payne VM, Gadde KM, Zhang W, Davidson JR. The use of aripiprazole in obsessive compulsive disorder: preliminary observations in 8 patients. J Clin Psychiatry 2005; 66:49-51.
  • Denys D, Van Megen H, Westenberg H. Quetiapine addition to serotonin reputake inhibitor treatment in patients with treatment-refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open-label study. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:700-703.
  • Metin O, Yazıcı K, Tot S, Yazici AE. Amisulpiride augmentation in treatment resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder: an open trial. Hum Psychopharmacol 2003; 18:463-467.
  • Pfanner C, Marazziti D, Dell’Osso L. Risperidone augmentation in refractory obsessive compulsive disorder: an open-label study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2000; 10:349-350.
  • Lykouras L, Alevizos B, Michalopoulou P, Rabavilas A. Obsessive compulsive symptoms induced by atypical antipsychotics. a review of the reported cases. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2003; 27:333-346.
  • Karataş KS, Güler J, Hariri A. Bipolar disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder comorbidity: three case reports. Journal of Mood Disorders 2013; 3:33-36.
  • Rakofsky JJ, Dunlop BW. Treating nonspecific anxiety and anxiety disorders in patients with bipolar disorder: a review. J Clin Psychiatry 2011;72:81-90.
  • Joshi G, Mick E, Wozniak J, Geller D, Park J, Strauss S et al. Impact of obsessive-compulsive disorder on the antimanic response to olanzapine therapy in youth with bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2010; 12:196-204.
  • Uguz F. Successful treatment of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder with aripiprazole in three patients with bipolar disorder. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010; 32:556-558.
  • Bülbül F, Copoglu US, Alpak G, Unal A, Tastan MF, Savas HA. Maintenance therapy with electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with a codiagnosis of bipolar disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. J ECT 2013; 29:21-22.
  • Herstowska M, Cubala WJ. Essitalopram efficacy in obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid bipolar disorder. Düşünen Adam 2013; 26:115-116
  • Provencher MD, Hawke LD, Thienot E. Psychotherapies for comorbid anxiety in bipolar spectrum disorders. J Affect Disord 2011; 133:371-380. Necla Keskin, Dr., Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana; Lut Tamam, Prof. Dr., Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana Yazışma Adresi/Correspondence: Necla Keskin, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Psikiyatri Anabilim Dalı, Adana, Turkey. E-mail: neclakeskin@yahoo.com.tr Yazarlar bu makale ile ilgili herhangi bir çıkar çatışması bildirmemiştir. The authors reported no conflict of interest related to this article. Çevrimiçi adresi / Available online at: www.cappsy.org/archives/vol6/no4/ Çevrimiçi yayım / Published online 21 Ocak/January 21, 2014; doi: 10.5455/cap.20140121115811
There are 54 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Necla Keskin This is me

Lut Tamam This is me

Publication Date November 6, 2014
Published in Issue Year 2014 Volume: 6 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Keskin N, Tamam L. Bipolar Bozukluk Obsesif Kompulsif Bozukluk Birlikteliği. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar. December 2014;6(4):429-437. doi:10.5455/cap.20140121115811

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