Effects of Psychostimulant Drugs on Developing Brain

Year 2013, Volume: 5 Issue: 4, 528 - 539, 01.12.2013

İbrahim Durukan Murat Erdem Koray Kara Dursun Karaman

https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20130532

Abstract

Although psychostimulants have been used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder for approximately 70 years, little is known about the long term effects of these drugs on developing brain. The observable effects of psychostimulants are influenced by the timing of exposure, the age of examination after drug exposure and sex. Preclinical studies point out that chronic psychostimulant exposure before adolescence cause reverse sensitization or tolerance and this leads to reduction in stimulant effectiveness in adolesecence and adulthood. Preclinical studies show the potential long term effects of psychostimulants. But it is necessary to investigate the relationship between preclinical effects and clinical practice. A developmental approach is needed to understand the impact of pediatric medications on the brain that includes assessment at multiple ages to completely characterize the long term effects of these medications. The aim of this paper is to review the effects of psychostimulants on developing brain.

Keywords

Psychostimulant, developing brain, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

Psikostimülan İlaçların Gelişen Beyin Üzerindeki Etkileri

Abstract

Psikostimülanlar dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu tedavisinde yaklaşık 70 yıldır kullanılmasına rağmen, bu ilaçların gelişen beyin üzerindeki uzun dönem etkileri hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Psikostimülanların saptanan etkileri maruziyetin zamanı, yapılan değerlendirmenin zamanı ve cinsiyetten etkilenmektedir. Preklinik çalışmalar, ergenlik öncesinde kronik stimülan maruziyetinin ters duyarlılaşma veya tolerans oluşmasına yol açtığı ve bunun da ergenlik ve sonrasında stimulanların etkinliğinde azalmaya yol açacağına işaret etmektedir. Preklinik çalışmalar psikostimülanların uzun dönem etkileri olabileceğine işaret etmektedir. Ancak bu olası etkilerin klinik olarak hangi düzeyde olabileceğinin araştırılması gerekmektedir. Psikostimülan ilaçların beyin üzerindeki etkilerini daha iyi anlamak için farklı yaş gruplarında yapılacak çalışmalara gereksinim olduğu düşünülmektedir..

Keywords

Psikostimülan, gelişen beyin, dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu

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