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Neurobiology of Intimate Relationships

Year 2012, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 414 - 427, 01.12.2012
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120425

Abstract

The limbic brain appears to be the source of basic emotions and urges. In contrast the neocortex gives humans the ability to think in abstract and symbolic terms and to use language. Emotions by neural projections from the limbic system to neocortex influence all aspect of cognition, from perception to rational decision making. Although the cases whose intellectual and motor abilities appeared fully functional, decision making ability and emotional processing impaired together after a damage to the ventromedial prefrontal lobes suggest that the emotions had priority in the brain processing. The effectiveness of the psychotherapy is thought to be related to the left prefrontal cortex activity. The rational decisions are changing easily under the stressful moments and experiencing the same problems over and over again. This concept may explain why the couples under the stressful conditions may easily fall into radicalism, and decide that they are right but the others wrong. The specific kinds of conflict behaviors between couples like the criticism, contempt, defensiveness and stonewalling are correlated with the physical signs of the amygdala activation. For this reason, before the people to engage new forms of thought and behavior must notice and change the emotional processes. In the light of these concepts in addition the cognitive and behavioral approach, it would not be wrong to think that the therapy working with the emotional techniques will be more successful.

References

  • Snell S. Klinik Nöroanatomi (Çeviri Ed. M Yıldırım). İstanbul, Sökmen Matbaacılık, 2000.
  • Altınbaş K, Gülöksüz S, Özçetinkaya S, Oral ET. Empatinin biyolojik yönleri. Psiki- yatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:15-25.
  • Preston SD, de Waal FB. Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci 2002; 25:1-72.
  • Atkinson BJ. Emotional Intelligence in Couples Therapy, 1st ed.. New York, Norton, 2005.
  • Beck AT. Bilişsel Terapi ve Duygusal Bozukluklar (Çeviri Ed. A Türkcan). İstanbul, Yaylacık Matbaacılık, 2005.
  • Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Adolphs R, Rockland C, Damasio AR. Double dissociation of cconditioning and declarative knowlodge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science 1995; 269:1115-1118.
  • Schore AN. Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Ment Health J 2001; 22: 7-66.
  • Jovanovic T, Norrholm SD, Blanding NQ, Phifer JE, Weiss T, Davis M et al. Fear potentiation is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010; 35:846-857.
  • Henckens MJ, Hermans EJ, Pu Z, Joëls M, Fernández G. Stressed memories: how acute stress affects memory formation in humans. J Neurosci 2009; 29:10111-10119.
  • Le Doux J. The emotional brain, 1st ed. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996.
  • Le Doux J. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Rev Neurosci 2000; 23:155-184
  • Siegel DJ. Toward an interpersonal neurobiology of the developing mind: attachment relationship, “Mindsight”, and neural integration. Infant Ment Health J 2001; 22:67- 94.
  • Damasio AR. Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system. Brain Res Rev 1998; 26:83-86.
  • Damasio H, Grabowski T, Frank R, Galaburda A, Damasio AR. The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient. Science 1994; 264:1102-1105.
  • Patrick C, Cuthbert B, Lang P. Emotion in the criminal psychopath: fear image processing. J Abnorm Psychol 1994; 103:523-534.
  • Pardini DA, Phillips M. Neural responses to emotional and neutral facial expressions in chronically violent men . J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35:390-398.
  • Tufan AE, Yaluğ İ. Aşk fenomeni ve sevgi ilişkilerinin nörobiyolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:443-456.
  • Hornak J, Bramham J, Rolls ET, Morris RG, O'Doherty J, Bullock PR et al. Changes in the emotion after circumscribed surgical lesions of the orbitofrontal and cingulated cortices. Brain 2003; 126:1691-1712.
  • Susan G, Paul C. Introduction to the special ıssue: neurobiology and building interpersonal systems: groups, couples, and beyond. Int J Group Psychother 2010; 60:455-460.
  • Cahill L, Haier R, Fallon J, Alkire M, Tang C, Keator D et al. Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long term, free recall of emotional information. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:8016-8021.
  • Morris JS. A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96;1680-1685.
  • Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimage 2004; 21:1155-1166.
  • Eşel E. Aşkın biyolojik ve evrimsel temelleri. Yeni Symposium 2007; 45:21-27.
  • Zeki S. The neurobiology of love. FEBS Letters 2007; 581:2575-2579.
  • Panksepp J. Affective neuroscience of the emotional BrainMind: evolutionary perspectives and implications for understanding depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010; 12:533-545.
  • Davidson RJ. Seven sins in the study of emotion: correctives from affective neuroscience. Brain Cogn 2003; 52:129-132.
  • Panksepp J. A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions. Psychol Rev 1992; 99:554-560.
  • Burgdorf J, Panksepp J. The neurobiology of positive emotions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30:173-187.
  • Özge Saraçlı, Yrd. Doç. Dr., Bülent Ecevit Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri ABD, Zonguldak; Nuray Atasoy,
  • Doç.Dr., Bülent Ecevit Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri ABD, Zonguldak; Elif Karaahmet, Dr.,Çanakkale Onsekiz
  • Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri AD, Çanakkale .

Yakın İlişkilerin Nörobiyolojisi

Year 2012, Volume: 4 Issue: 4, 414 - 427, 01.12.2012
https://doi.org/10.5455/cap.20120425

Abstract

Temel duygu ve dürtülerin kaynağı limbik sistemin tersine neokorteks, insa-nın düşünme yeteneği, dil kullanımı, sembolik ve soyut düşünce becerilerinin kaynağını oluşturur. Limbik sistemden neokortekse uzanan yaygın nöral projeksiyonlar aracılığıyla duygular, algıdan akılcı karar vermeye kadar bilişlerin her yönünü etkiler. Entelektüel ve motor işlevleri korunmuş olmasına karşın karar verme becerileri ve duygusal işleyişin birlikte bozulduğu ventromedial prefrontal korteks hasarlı olgular, beynin işleyişinde duyguların öncelikli rolü olduğunu düşündürmüştür. Psikoterapi etkinliğinin sol prefrontal korteks işleyişiyle yakından ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mantıksal düzeyde alınan kararlar stresli anlarda kolaylıkla değişmekte ve aynı sorunlar tekrar tekrar yaşanmaktadır. Çiftlerin stresli oldukları zamanlarda neden kendi bakış açılarında radikalleştikleri, kendilerini haklı, karşılarındakini haksız görme eğiliminde olduklarını bu durum açıklayabilir. Eşler arasında yaşanan eleştiri, küçük görme, savunuculuk ve donup kalma gibi özgül çatış-ma davranışları, amigdala aktivasyonuyla ilişkili fiziksel belirtilerle korelasyon göstermektedir. Bu nedenle kişilerin yeni düşünce ve davranış şekillerini uygulamadan önce duygusal süreçlerini fark etmeleri ve değiştirebilmeleri gerekir. Bu kavramlar ışığında bilişsel, davranışsal yaklaşımın yanında duygularla çalışan bir terapi tekniğinin daha başarılı sonuçlanacağını düşünmek yanlış görünmemektedir.

References

  • Snell S. Klinik Nöroanatomi (Çeviri Ed. M Yıldırım). İstanbul, Sökmen Matbaacılık, 2000.
  • Altınbaş K, Gülöksüz S, Özçetinkaya S, Oral ET. Empatinin biyolojik yönleri. Psiki- yatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:15-25.
  • Preston SD, de Waal FB. Empathy: its ultimate and proximate bases. Behav Brain Sci 2002; 25:1-72.
  • Atkinson BJ. Emotional Intelligence in Couples Therapy, 1st ed.. New York, Norton, 2005.
  • Beck AT. Bilişsel Terapi ve Duygusal Bozukluklar (Çeviri Ed. A Türkcan). İstanbul, Yaylacık Matbaacılık, 2005.
  • Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Adolphs R, Rockland C, Damasio AR. Double dissociation of cconditioning and declarative knowlodge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science 1995; 269:1115-1118.
  • Schore AN. Effects of a secure attachment relationship on right brain development, affect regulation, and infant mental health. Infant Ment Health J 2001; 22: 7-66.
  • Jovanovic T, Norrholm SD, Blanding NQ, Phifer JE, Weiss T, Davis M et al. Fear potentiation is associated with hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function in PTSD. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2010; 35:846-857.
  • Henckens MJ, Hermans EJ, Pu Z, Joëls M, Fernández G. Stressed memories: how acute stress affects memory formation in humans. J Neurosci 2009; 29:10111-10119.
  • Le Doux J. The emotional brain, 1st ed. New York, Simon & Schuster, 1996.
  • Le Doux J. Emotion circuits in the brain. Annual Rev Neurosci 2000; 23:155-184
  • Siegel DJ. Toward an interpersonal neurobiology of the developing mind: attachment relationship, “Mindsight”, and neural integration. Infant Ment Health J 2001; 22:67- 94.
  • Damasio AR. Emotion in the perspective of an integrated nervous system. Brain Res Rev 1998; 26:83-86.
  • Damasio H, Grabowski T, Frank R, Galaburda A, Damasio AR. The return of Phineas Gage: clues about the brain from the skull of a famous patient. Science 1994; 264:1102-1105.
  • Patrick C, Cuthbert B, Lang P. Emotion in the criminal psychopath: fear image processing. J Abnorm Psychol 1994; 103:523-534.
  • Pardini DA, Phillips M. Neural responses to emotional and neutral facial expressions in chronically violent men . J Psychiatry Neurosci 2010; 35:390-398.
  • Tufan AE, Yaluğ İ. Aşk fenomeni ve sevgi ilişkilerinin nörobiyolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar 2010; 2:443-456.
  • Hornak J, Bramham J, Rolls ET, Morris RG, O'Doherty J, Bullock PR et al. Changes in the emotion after circumscribed surgical lesions of the orbitofrontal and cingulated cortices. Brain 2003; 126:1691-1712.
  • Susan G, Paul C. Introduction to the special ıssue: neurobiology and building interpersonal systems: groups, couples, and beyond. Int J Group Psychother 2010; 60:455-460.
  • Cahill L, Haier R, Fallon J, Alkire M, Tang C, Keator D et al. Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long term, free recall of emotional information. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996; 93:8016-8021.
  • Morris JS. A subcortical pathway to the right amygdala mediating “unseen” fear. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1999; 96;1680-1685.
  • Bartels A, Zeki S. The neural correlates of maternal and romantic love. Neuroimage 2004; 21:1155-1166.
  • Eşel E. Aşkın biyolojik ve evrimsel temelleri. Yeni Symposium 2007; 45:21-27.
  • Zeki S. The neurobiology of love. FEBS Letters 2007; 581:2575-2579.
  • Panksepp J. Affective neuroscience of the emotional BrainMind: evolutionary perspectives and implications for understanding depression. Dialogues Clin Neurosci 2010; 12:533-545.
  • Davidson RJ. Seven sins in the study of emotion: correctives from affective neuroscience. Brain Cogn 2003; 52:129-132.
  • Panksepp J. A critical role for "affective neuroscience" in resolving what is basic about basic emotions. Psychol Rev 1992; 99:554-560.
  • Burgdorf J, Panksepp J. The neurobiology of positive emotions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2006; 30:173-187.
  • Özge Saraçlı, Yrd. Doç. Dr., Bülent Ecevit Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri ABD, Zonguldak; Nuray Atasoy,
  • Doç.Dr., Bülent Ecevit Üniv. Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri ABD, Zonguldak; Elif Karaahmet, Dr.,Çanakkale Onsekiz
  • Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Psikiyatri AD, Çanakkale .
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Review
Authors

Özge Saraçlı This is me

Nuray Atasoy This is me

Elif Karaahmet This is me

Publication Date December 1, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2012 Volume: 4 Issue: 4

Cite

AMA Saraçlı Ö, Atasoy N, Karaahmet E. Yakın İlişkilerin Nörobiyolojisi. Psikiyatride Güncel Yaklaşımlar - Current Approaches in Psychiatry. December 2012;4(4):414-427. doi:10.5455/cap.20120425

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